An investigation of measured temperature profiles and VHF mesosphere summer echoes at midlatitudes

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 102, Issue 20, 1997, Pages 23819-23828

  Chilson, Phillip B ^a,b   Czechowsky, Peter ^a   Klostermeyer, Jürgen ^a   Rüster, Rüdiger ^a   Schmidt, Gerhard ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR SONNENSYSTEMFORSCHUNG   (Germany)

^b SWEDISH INSTITUTE OF SPACE PHYSICS   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000478856     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/97jd01572     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Chanin, M.-L., and A. Hauchecorne, Density and temperature profiles obtained by lidar between 35 and 70 km, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 565-568, 1980.
2. Chanin, M.-L., and A. Hauchecorne, Lidar observations of gravity and tidal waves in the stratosphere and mesosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9715-9721, 1981.
3. Cho, J. Y. N., and M. C. Kelley, Polar mesosphere summer radar echoes: Observations and current theories, Rev. Geophys., 31, 243-265, 1993.
4. Cho, J. Y. N., and R. L. Morley, PMSE dependence on long-period vertical motions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 1197-1200, 1995.
5. Cho, J. Y. N., T. M. Hall, and M. C. Kelley, On the role of charged aerosols in polar mesosphere summer echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 875-886, 1992.
6. Czechowsky, P., R. Rüster, and G. Schmidt, Variations of mesospheric structures in different seasons, Geophys. Res. Lett., 6, 459-462, 1979.
7. Czechowsky, P., G. Schmidt, and R. Rüster, The mobile SOUSY Doppler radar: Technical design and first results, Radio Sci., 19, 441-450, 1984.
8. Czechowsky, P., B. Inhester, J. Klostermeyer, and G. Schmidt, Simultaneous radar and lidar observations during the DYANA-campaign, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ. ESA SP, ESA SP-317, 399-405, 1991.
9. Ecklund, W. L., and B. B. Balsley, Long-term observations of the arctic mesopause with the radar at Poker Flat, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7775-7780, 1981.
10. Fleming, E. J., S. Chandra, J. J. Barnett, and M. Corney, Zonal mean temperature, pressure, zonal wind and geopotential height as a function of latitude, Adv. Space Res., 10(12), 11-59, 1990.
11. Gadsen, M., The silver-blue cloudlets again: Nucleation and growth of ice in the mesosphere, Planet. Space Sci., 29, 1079-1087, 1981.
12. Hall, C. M., On the occurrence of polar mesosphere summer echoes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 3469-3472, 1995.
13. Hodges, R. R., Generation of turbulence in the upper atmosphere by internal gravity waves, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 3455-3458, 1967.
14. Hoppe, U. P., T. A. Blix, E. V. Thrane, F.-J. Lübken, J. Y. N. Cho, and W. E. Swartz, Studies of polar mesospheric summer echoes by VHF radar and rocket probes, Adv. Space Res., 14(9), 139-148, 1994.
15. Inhester, B., and J. C. Ulwick, Combined rocket and radar observations of anisotropic fluctuations in the mesosphere, Adv. Space Res., 12(10), 165-168, 1992.
16. Inhester, B., J. C. Ulwick, J. Y. N. Cho, M. C. Kelley, and G. Schmidt, Consistency of rocket and radar electron density observations: Implications about the anisotropy of mesospheric turbulence, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 52, 855-873, 1990.
17. Inhester, B., J. Klostermeyer, F.-J. Lübken, and U. von Zahn, Evidence for ice clouds causing polar mesospheric summer echoes, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 20,937-20,954, 1994.
18. Jensen, E. J., and G. E. Thomas, Numerical simulations of the effects of gravity waves on noctilucent clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3421-3430, 1994.
19. Kelley, M. C., D. T. Farley, and J. Röttger, The effects of cluster ions on anomalous VHF backscatter from the summer polar mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 14, 1031-1034, 1987.
20. Klostermeyer, J., A two-ion ice particle model of the polar summer mesopause region, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 5487-5497, 1994.
21. Klostermeyer, J., On the formation of electron depletions at the summer polar mesopause, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 335-338, 1996.
22. Lübken, F.-J., and U. von Zahn, Thermal structure of the mesopause region at polar latitudes, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,841-20,857, 1991.
23. Lübken, F.-J., K.-H. Fricke, M. Langer, P. Hoffmann, W. Singer, B. Inhester, and G. Witt, Simultaneous measurements of noctilucent clouds, polar mesosphere summer echoes, and the temperature near the mesopause, Eur. Space Agency Spec. Publ. ESA SP, ESA SP (1995), pp. 61-66, 1995.
24. Manson, A. H., J. B. Gregory, and C. E. Meek, Atmospheric waves (∼10 min-30 days) in the mesosphere and thermosphere at Saskatoon (52°N, 107°W), October 1978 to September 1979, Planet. Space Sci., 29, 615-625, 1981a.
25. Manson, A. H., C. E. Meek, and J. B. Gregory, Winds and waves (10 min-30 days) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere at Saskatoon (52°N, 107°W, L = 4.3) during the year, October 1979 to July 1980, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 9615-9625, 1981b.
26. Meriwether, J. W., P. D. Dao, R. T. McNutt, W. Klemetti, W. Moskowitz, and G. Davidson, Rayleigh lidar observations of mesosphere temperature structure, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16,973-16,987, 1994.
27. Namboothiri, S. P., T. Tsuda, M. Tsutsumi, and T. Nakamura, Simultaneous observations of mesospheric gravity waves with the MU radar and a sodium lidar, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 4057-1063, 1996.
28. Nedoluha, G. E., R. M. Bevilacqua, R. M. Gomez, D. L. Thacker, W. B. Waltman, and T. A. Pauls, Ground-based measurements of water vapor in the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2927-2939, 1995.
29. Nedoluha, G. E., R. M. Bevilacqua, R., M. Gomez, W. B. Waltman, B. C. Hicks, D. L. Thacker, and W. A. Matthews, Measurements of water vapor in the middle atmosphere and implications for mesospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21,183-21,193, 1996.
30. Nussbaumer, V., K. H. Fricke, M. Langer, W. Singer, and U. von Zahn, First simultaneous and common volume observations of noctilucent clouds and polar mesosphere summer echoes by lidar and radar, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 19,161-19,167, 1996.
31. Reid, I. M., Radar observations of stratified layers in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (50-100 km), Adv. Space Res., 10(10), 7-19, 1990.
32. Reid, I. M., P. Czechowsky, R. Rüster, and G. Schmidt, First VHF radar measurements of mesopause summer echoes at midlatitudes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16, 135-138, 1989.
33. Röttger, J., C. L. Hoz, M. C. Kelley, U.-P. Hoppe, and C. Hall, The structure and dynamics of polar mesosphere summer echoes observed with the EISCAT 224 MHz radar, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 1353-1356, 1988.
34. Rüster, R., Analysis and interpretation of VHF-radar data, Ann. Geophys., 12, 725-732, 1994.
35. Rüster, R., Velocity and associated echo power variations in the summer polar mesosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, 65-67, 1995a.
36. Rüster, R., High resolution measurements in the summer polar mesophere, in STEP Handbook, edited by B. Edwards, pp. 62-65, Natl. Oceanic and Atmos. Admin., Silver Spring, Md., 1995b.
37. Rüster, R., P. Czechowsky, P. Hoffmann, and W. Singer, Gravity wave signatures at mesopause heights, Ann. Geophys., 14, 1186-1191, 1996.
38. Schmidt, G., R. Rüster, and P. Czechowsky, Complimentary code and digital filtering for detection of weak VHF radar signals from the mesosphere, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electron., 17, 154-161, 1979.
39. Shibata, T., M. Kobuchi, and M. Maeda, Measurements of density and temperature profiles in the middle atmosphere with a XeF lidar, Appl. Opt., 25, 685-688, 1986.
40. Sugiyama, T., Y. Muraoka, H. Sogowa, and S. Fukao, Oscillations in polar mesospheric summer echoes and bifurcation of noctilucent cloud formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 653-656, 1996.
41. Thomas, G. E., Mesospheric clouds and the physics of the mesopause region, Rev. Geophys., 29, 553-575, 1991.
42. Thomas, L., I. Astin, and T. Prichard, The characteristics of VHF echoes from the summer mesopause region at mid-latitudes, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 54, 969-977, 1992.
43. Thomas, L., A. K. P. Marsh, D. P. Wareing, I. Astin, and H. Chandra, VHF echoes from midlatitude mesosphere and the thermal structure observed by lidar, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,867-12,877, 1996.
44. Ulwick, J. C., K. D. Baker, M. C. Kelley, B. B. Balsley, and W. L. Ecklund, Comparison of simultaneous MST radar and electron density probe measurements during STATE, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 6989-7000, 1988.