Relationships between involvement and attitudinal loyalty constructs in adult fitness programs

Journal of Leisure Research

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 233-250

  Park, Se Hyuk ^a  

^a Yonsei University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Attitudinal loyalty; Behavioral loyalty; Involvement; Market segmentation; Marketing strategy

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000374118     PISSN: 00222216     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00222216.1996.11949774     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-8.
2. Arora, R. (1993). Consumer involvement in service decisions. Journal of Professional Services Marketing, 9(1), 49-58.
3. Assael, H. (1984). Consumer behavior and marketing action (2nd ed.). Boston: Kent.
4. Backman, S. J., & Crompton, J. L. (1991a). Differentiating between high, spurious, latent, and low loyalty participants in two leisure activities. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 9(2), 1-17.
5. Backman, S. J., & Crompton, J. L. (1991b). The usefulness of selected variables for predicting activity loyalty. Leisure Sciences, 13, 205-220.
6. Backman, S. J., & Veldkamp, C. (1995). Examination of the relationship between service quality and user loyalty. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 13(2), 29-41.
7. Becker, H. S. (1960). Notes on the concept of commitment. American Journal of Sociology, 66, 32-40.
8. Bloch, P. H. (1982). Involvement beyond the purchase process: Conceptual issues and empirical investigation. Advances in Consumer Research, 9, 413-417.
9. Bloch, P. H. (1993). Involvement with adornment as leisure behavior: An exploratory study. Journal of Leisure Research, 25, 245-262.
10. Bloch, P. H., Black, W. C., & Lichtenstein, D. (1989). Involvement with the equipment component of sport: Links to recreational commitment. Leisure Sciences, 11, 187-200.
11. Buchanan, T. (1985). Commitment and leisure behavior: A theoretical perspective. Leisure Sciences, 7, 401-420.
12. Carpenter, P. J., Scanlan, T. K., Simons, J. P., & Lobel, M. (1993). A test of the sport commitment model using structural equation modeling. Journal of Span & Exercise, 15, 119-133.
13. Cato, B., & Kunstler, R. (1988). Preferred leisure activities and reasons for participation: A comparison study with implications for marketing leisure services. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 6(1), 54-65.
14. Celsi, R. L., & Olson, J. C. (1988). The role of involvement in attention and comprehension processes. Journal of Consumer Research, 15, 210-224.
15. Churchill, G. A., Jr. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. Journal of Marketing Research, 16, 64-73.
16. Crosby, L. A., & Taylor, J. R. (1983). Psychological commitment and its effects on post-decision evaluation and preference stability among voters. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 413-431.
17. Dimanche, F., Havitz, M. E., & Howard, D. R. (1991). Testing the involvement profile (IP) scale in the context of selected recreational and touristic activities. Journal of Leisure Research, 23, 51-61.
18. Dimanche, F., & Samdahl, D. M. (1994). Leisure as symbolic consumption: A conceptualization and prospectus for future research. Leisure Sciences, 16, 119-129.
19. Farrell, D., & Rusbult, C. E. (1981). Exchange variables as predictors of job satisfaction, job commitment, and turnover: The impact of rewards, costs, alternatives, and investments. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 28, 78-95.
20. Garcia, A. W., & King, A. C. (1991). Predicting long-term adherence to aerobic exercise: A comparison of two models. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 13, 394-410.
21. Godin, G., Valois, P., Shephard, R. J., & Desharnais, R. (1987). Prediction of leisure-time exercise behavior: A path analysis (LISREL V) model. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 10, 145-158.
22. Haggard, L. M., & Williams, D. R. (1992). Identity affirmation through leisure activities: Leisure symbols of the self. Journal of Leisure Research, 24, 1-18.
23. Havitz, M. E., & Dimanche, F. (1990). Propositions for testing the involvement construct in recreational and tourism contexts. Leisure Sciences, 12, 179-195.
24. Havitz, M. E., Dimanche, F., & Bogle, T. (1994). Segmenting the adult fitness market using involvement profiles. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 12(3), 35-56.
25. Havitz, M. E., Dimanche, F., & Howard, D. R. (1993). A two sample comparison of the personal involvement inventory (PII) and involvement profile (IP) scales using selected recreation activities. Journal of Applied Recreation Research, 17, 331-364.
26. Holbrook, M. B., Chestnut, R. W., Olova, T. A., & Greenleaf, E. A. (1984). Play as a consumption experience: The roles of emotions, performance, and personality in the enjoyment of games. Journal of Consumer Research, 11, 728-739.
27. Houston, M. J., & Rothschild, M. L. (1978). Conceptual and methodological perspectives on involvement. In S. C. Jain (Ed.), Research frontiers in marketing: Dialogues and directions (pp. 184-187). Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association.
28. Howard, D. R., Edginton, C. R., & Selin, S. W. (1988). Determinant of program loyalty. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 6(4), 41-51.
29. Hrebiniak, L. G., & Alutto, J. A. (1972). Personal and role related factors in the development of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 17, 555-572.
30. Kapferer, J. N., & Laurent, G. (1985). Consumer involvement profiles: A new practical approach to consumer involvement. Journal of Advertising Research, 25(6), 48-56.
31. Kay, T., & Jackson, G. (1991). Leisure despite constraint The impact of leisure constraints on leisure participation. Journal of Leisure Research, 23, 301-313.
32. Kelly, J. R. (1983). Leisure identities and interactions. London: George Allen and Unwin.
33. Kemery, E. R., & Dunlap, W. P. (1986). Partialling factor scores does not control method variance: A reply to Podsakoff and Todor. Journal of Management, 12, 525-530.
34. Krugman, H. (1965). The impact of television advertising: Learning without involvement Public Opinion Quarterly, 29, 349-356.
35. Laurent, G., & Kapferer, J. N. (1985). Measuring consumer involvement profiles. Journal of Marketing Research, 22, 41-53.
36. Madrigal, R., Havitz, M. E., & Howard, D. R. (1992). Married couples' involvement with family vacations. Leisure Sciences, 14, 287-301.
37. McIntyre, N. (1989). The personal meaning of participation: Enduring involvement. Journal of Leisure Research, 21, 167-179.
38. Meyer, J. P., Allen, N. J., & Smith, C. A. (1993). Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 538-551.
39. Muncy, J. A. (1984). An investigation of the two-dimensional conceptualization of brand loyalty (Doctoral dissertation, Texas Tech University, 1983). Dissertation Abstracts International, 45, 288A.
40. O'Sullivan, E. (1991a). Marketing experience. Park & Recreation, 26(12), 40-42.
41. O'Sullivan, E. (1991b). Marketing for parks, recreation, and leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing.
42. Podilchak, W. (1991). Establishing the fun in leisure. Leisure Sciences, 13, 123-136.
43. Podsakoff, P. M, & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12, 531-544.
44. Pritchard, M. P. (1992). Development of the psychological commitment instrument (PCI) for measuring travel service loyalty (Doctoral Dissertation, University of Oregon, 1991). Dissertation Abstracts International, 52, 4408A-4409A.
45. Pritchard, M. P., Howard, D. R., & Havitz, M. E. (1992). Loyalty measurement: A critical examination and theoretical extension. Leisure Sciences, 14, 155-164.
46. Pucely, M. J., Mizerski, R., & Perrewe, P. (1988). A comparison of involvement measures for the purchase and consumption of pre-recorded music. Advances in Consumer Research, 15, 37-42.
47. Rossman, J. R. (1989). Recreation programming: Designing leisure experiences. Illinois: Sagamore Publishing.
48. Samdahl, D. M. (1988). A symbolic interactionist model of leisure: Theory and empirical support. Leisure Sciences, 10, 27-39.
49. Scanlan, T. K., Carpenter, P. J., Schmidt, G. W., Simons, J. P., & Keeler, B. (1993). An introduction to the sport commitment model. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15, 1-15.
50. Selin, S. W. (1987). A two-stage test of selected causal antecedents of recreation program loyalty: A consumer behavioral model (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 3560A.
51. Selin, S. W., & Howard, D. R. (1988). Ego involvement and leisure behavior: A conceptual specification. Journal of Leisure Research, 20, 237-244.
52. Selin, S. W., Howard, D. R., Udd, E., & Cable, T. T. (1988). An analysis of consumer loyalty to municipal recreation programs. Leisure Sciences, 10, 217-223.
53. Shamir, B. (1988). Commitment and leisure. Sociological Perspectives, 31, 238-258.
54. Siegenthaler, K. L., & Lam, T. C. M. (1992). Commitment and ego-involvement in recreation tennis. Leisure Sciences, 14, 303-315.
55. Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-concept in consumer behavior: A critical renew. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 287-300.
56. Slama, M. E., & Tashchian, A. (1985). Selected socioeconomic and demographic characteristics associated with purchasing involvement. Journal of Marketing, 49, 72-82.
57. Smith, R. E., & Swinyard, W. R. (1983). Attitude-behavior consistency: The impact of product trial versus advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 20, 257-267.
58. Snyder, E. E. (1981). A reflection on commitment and pattern of disengagement from recreational physical activity. In S. L. Greendorfer & A. Yiannakis (Eds.), Proceedings of the First Annual NASS Conference on Sociology of Sport: Diverse Perspectives (pp. 108-117). Westpoint, NY: Leisure Press.
59. Stebbins, A. (1977). The amateur: Two sociological definitions. Pacific Sociological Review, 20, 582-606.
60. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1989). Using multivariate statistics (2nd ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
61. Thorndike, R. L. (1961). Reliability (4th ed.). In E. F. Lindquist (Ed.), Educational measurement (pp. 560-620). Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education.
62. Traylor, M. B. (1983). Ego involvement and brand commitment: Not necessarily the same. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 1(2), 75-79.
63. Watkins, M. N. (1987). The influence of involvement and information search on consumers' choices of recreation activities. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, 1986). Dissertation Abstracts International, 47, 3560A.
64. Yair, G. (1990). The commitments to long distance running and levels of activity: Personal or structural? Journal of Leisure Research, 22, 213-227.
65. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 341-352.
66. Zaltman, G., & Wallendorf, M. (1983). Consumer behavior: Basic findings and management implications (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons.