Research on K-12 school-based service-learning: The evidence builds

Phi Delta Kappan

Volumn 81, Issue 9, 2000, Pages 658-664

  Billig, Shelley H ^a  

^a RMC RESEARCH CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000367171     PISSN: 00317217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (138)

1. Dan Conrad and Diane Hedin, "School-Based Community Service: What We Know from Research and Theory," Phi Delta Kappan, June 1991, p. 749.
2. Fred M. Newmann and Robert A. Rutter, "A Profile of High School Community-Service Programs," Educational Leadership, December-January 1985-86, pp. 64-71.
3. Rebecca Skinner and Chris Chapman, Service-Learning and Community Service in K-12 Public Schools (Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, September 1999).
4. APCO Associates, Perceptions: Understanding and Responding to What People Think About Service-Learning (Battle Creek, Mich.: W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 1999).
5. Virginia Anderson et al., "Community Service-Learning and School Improvement in Springfield, Massachusetts," Phi Delta Kappan, June 1991, pp. 761-64;
6. Conrad and Hedin, Phi Delta Kappan, op. cit.;
7. Carol Kinsley, "Service-learning: A Process to Connect Learning and Living," NASSP Bulletin, October 1997, pp. 1-7;
8. Robert Bhaerman, Karin Cordell, and Barbara Gomez, The Role of Service-Learning in Educational Reform (Raleigh, N.C.: National Society for Experiential Education; Needham, Mass.: Simon & Schuster, 1998);
9. and Timothy K. Stanton, Dwight E. Giles, and Nadinne I. Cruz, Service-Learning: A Movement's Pioneers Reflect on Its Origins, Practice, and Future (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1999).
10. Partial List of Experiential Learning Terms and Their Definitions (Raleigh, N.C.: National Society for Experiential Education, 1994).
11. Corporation for National Service, National and Community Service Act of 1990.
12. Bhaerman, Cordell, and Gomez, p. 4.
13. Robert Sigmon, "Serving to Learn, Learning to Serve," in Linking Service with Learning (Chicago: National Institute on Learning and Service, Council for Independent Colleges, 1994);
14. and James Toole and Pamela Toole, Key Definitions: Commonly Used Terms in the Youth Service Field (Roseville, Minn.: National Youth Leadership Council, 1992).
15. Andrew Furco, "Service-Learning: A Balanced Approach to Experiential Education," in Barbara Taylor, ed., Expanding Boundaries: Serving and Learning (Washington, D.C.: Corporation for National Service, 1996), p. 5.
16. See, for example, B. Shaffer, Service-Learning: An Academic Methodology (Stanford, Calif.: School of Education, Stanford University, 1993),
17. cited in Bhaerman, Cordell, and Gomez, Service-Learning: An Academic Methodology (op. cit.;
18. Harry C. Boyte, "Community Service and Civic Education," Phi Delta Kappan, June 1991, pp. 765-67;
19. Benjamin Barber, "A Mandate for Liberty," in Shirley Sagawa and Samuel Halperin, eds., Vision of Service: The Future of the National and Community Service Act (Washington, D.C.: National Women's Law Center and American Youth Policy Forum, 1993);
20. John I. Goodlad, "Schools for All Seasons," Phi Delta Kappan, May 1998, pp. 670-71;
21. and Miranda Yates and James Youniss, "Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents," Journal of Research in Adolescence, vol. 6, 1996, pp. 271-84,
22. cited in James Perry, The Grantmakers' Forum Community and National Service Research Task Force Report (Bloomington: Indiana University, 1999).
23. See, for example, Bhaerman, Cordell, and Gomez, The Grantmakers' Forum Community and National Service Research Task Force Report op. cit.;
24. Shelley Billig and Nancy Kraft, Linking Federal Programs and Service-Learning: A Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation Guide (Lancaster, Pa.: Technomic Books, 1998);
25. Thomas Owens and Changhua Wang, Community-Based Learning: A Foundation for Meaningful Educational Reform (Portland, Ore.: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, 1997);
26. and Harold Howe II, "Acting and Understanding What Service-Learning Adds to Our Academic Future," Education Week, 2 April 1997, p. 56.
27. See, for example, Richard Cairn, "Another Way of Learning," The Generator, Spring 1992, pp. 22-23;
28. Billig and Kraft, The Generator, op. cit.;
29. and The Service-Learning Planning and Resource Guide (Washington, D.C.: Council of Chief State School Officers, 1994).
30. Alliance for Service-Learning in Educational Reform, Standards for School-Based and Community-Based Service-Learning Programs (Alexandria, Va.: Close Up Foundation, 1995);
31. and National Service-Learning Cooperative, Essential Elements of Service-Learning (St. Paul, Minn.: National Youth Leadership Council, April 1998).
32. Challenge issued to California school districts by Delaine Eastin, state superintendent of public instruction, California Department of Education, Sacramento, 1995.
33. Alan Melchior, Summary Report: National Evaluation of Learn and Serve America (Waltham, Mass.: Center for Human Resources, Brandeis University, 1999).
34. Daniel Weiler et al., An Evaluation of K-12 Service-Learning in California: Phase II Final Report (Emeryville, Calif.: RPP International and the Search Institute, 1998);
35. and Joseph Follman, Florida Learn and Serve: 1996-97 Outcomes and Correlations with 1994-95 and 1995-96 (Tallahassee, FIa.: Center for Civic Education and Service, Florida State University, August 1998).
36. See, for example, Janet Eyler and Dwight Giles, Jr., Where's the Learning in Service-Learning? (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1999);
37. and Linda J. Sax and Alexander W. Astin, "The Benefits of Service: Evidence from Undergraduates," Educational Record, Summer-Fall 1997, pp. 25-33.
38. Weiler et al., Educational Record, op. cit.
39. James Leming, "Adding Value to Service-Learning Projects," Insights on Global Ethics, Autumn 1998, p. 7.
40. Peter Scales and Dale Blyth, "Effects of Service-Learning on Youth: What We Know and What We Need to Know," The Generator, Winter 1997, pp. 6-9;
41. F. O'Bannon, "Service-Learning Benefits Our Schools," State Education Leader, vol. 17, 1999, p. 3;
42. and William Morgan and Matthew Streb, "How Quality Service-Learning Develops Civic Values," unpublished paper, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1999.
43. Thomas Berkas, Strategic Review of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation's Service-Learning Projects, 1990-1996 (Battle Creek, Mich.: W. K. Kellogg Foundation, February 1997).
44. Shaffer, Strategic Review of the W. K. Kellogg Foundation's Service-Learning Projects, 1990-1996 op. cit.
45. G. Switzer et al., "The Effect of a School-Based Helper Program on Adolescent Self-Image, Attitudes, and Behavior," Journal of Early Adolescence, vol. 15, 1995, pp. 429-55.
46. Melchior, Journal of Early Adolescence, op. cit.;
47. and Charles Ridgell, "Students' Perceptions Before and After Student Service-Learning," unpublished paper, University of Maryland, College Park, 1994.
48. Lynn Stephens, The Complete Guide to Learning Through Community Service, Grades K-9 (Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1995);
49. and Miranda Yates and James Youniss, "Perspective on Community Service in Adolescence," Social Development, vol. 5, 1996, pp. 85-111.
50. Follman, Social Development, op. cit.
51. Melchior, Social Development, op. cit.;
52. J. P. Allen et al., "Programmatic Prevention of Adolescent Problem Behaviors: The Role of Autonomy, Relatedness, and Volunteer Service in the Teen Outreach Program," Journal of Community Psychology, vol. 22, 1994, pp. 617-38;
53. and Shaffer, Journal of Community Psychology, op. cit.
54. Lydia O'Donnell et al., "The Effectiveness of the Reach for Health Community Youth Service-Learning Program in Reducing Early and Unprotected Sex Among Urban Middle School Students," American Journal of Public Health, February 1999, pp. 176-81.
55. Melchior, American Journal of Public Health, op. cit.
56. Stephens, American Journal of Public Health, op. cit.
57. Morgan and Streb, American Journal of Public Health, op. cit.
58. J. Courneya, "An Evaluation of the Native American School's Water Quality Testing Program," in Mary Neal, Robert Shumer, and Kathleen Gorak, eds., Evaluation: The Key to Improving Service-Learning Programs (Minneapolis: Minnesota Department of Education and the University of Minnesota, 1994).
59. Melchior, Evaluation: The Key to Improving Service-Learning Programs op. cit.;
60. and Berkas, Evaluation: The Key to Improving Service-Learning Programs op. cit.
61. Shaffer, Evaluation: The Key to Improving Service-Learning Programs op. cit.;
62. and Stephens, Evaluation: The Key to Improving Service-Learning Programs op. cit.
63. Deborah Loesch-Griffin, L. A. Petrides, and C. Pratt, A Comprehensive Study of Project YES - Rethinking Classrooms and Community: Service-Learning as Educational Reform (San Francisco: East Bay Conservation Corps, 1995).
64. Melchior, A Comprehensive Study of Project YES - Rethinking Classrooms and Community: Service-Learning as Educational Reform op. cit.;
65. Joel Westheimer and Joseph Kahne, Report to the Surdna Board - D.V.I. (New York: Surdna Foundation, 2000);
66. and Berkas, Report to the Surdna Board - D.V.I. op. cit.
67. Yates and Youniss, "Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents";
68. and Morgan and Streb, Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents; op. cit.
69. Stephens, Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents; op. cit.
70. Berkas, Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents; op. cit.
71. Lynne Ford, "Active Citizenship Today: Final Evaluation Report," unpublished report, 1995;
72. and Linda Sandier and Judith Vandegrift, "Students Serving Arizona: 1994 ServeAmerica Evaluation Report," unpublished report, 1994.
73. James Youniss, I. A. McLellan, and Miranda Yates, "What We Know About Engendering Civic Identity," American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 40, 1997, pp. 620-31;
74. and Yates and Youniss, "Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents."
75. Morgan and Streb, Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents. op. cit.
76. O'Bannon, Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents." op. cit.;
77. and Cairn, Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents. op. cit.
78. Melchior, Community Service and Political-Moral Identity in Adolescents. op. cit.;
79. Shelley Billig and Jill Conrad, An Evaluation of the New Hampshire Service-Learning and Educational Reform Project (Denver: RMC Research, 1997);
80. and Scales and Blyth, An Evaluation of the New Hampshire Service-Learning and Educational Reform Project op. cit.
81. Weiler et al., An Evaluation of the New Hampshire Service-Learning and Educational Reform Project op. cit.
82. Anderson et al., An Evaluation of the New Hampshire Service-Learning and Educational Reform Project op. cit.
83. Robert Shumer, "Community-Based Learning: Humanizing Education," Journal of Adolescence, vol. 17, 1994, pp. 357-67;
84. Shaffer, Journal of Adolescence, op. cit.;
85. L. Dean and Sandra Murdock, "The Effect of Voluntary Service on Adolescent Attitudes Toward Learning," Journal of Volunteer Administration, Summer 1992, pp. 5-10;
86. and O'Bannon, Journal of Volunteer Administration, op. cit.
87. "Standardized Test Scores Improve with Service-Learning," Civic Literacy Project, Bloomington, Ind., February 2000.
88. Clifford Akujobi and Robert Simmons, "An Assessment of Elementary School Service-Learning Teaching Methods: Using Service-Learning Goals," NSEE Quarterly, Winter 1997, pp. 19-28.
89. Follman, NSEE Quarterly, op. cit.
90. Josie Supik, Valued Youth Partnerships: Programs in Caring (San Antonio: Intercultural Research and Development Association, 1996);
91. Catherine A. Rolzinski, The Adventure of Adolescence: Middle School Students and Community Service (Washington, D.C.: Youth Service America, 1990);
92. and Matty Duckenfield and Lynn Swanson, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk (Clemson, S.C.: National Dropout Prevention Center, 1992).
93. Loesch-Griffin, Petrides, and Pratt, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.
94. Stephens, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.
95. Melchior, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.
96. Weiler et al., Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.;
97. and Berkas, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.
98. Follman, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.;
99. and O'Bannon, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.
100. Shaffer, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.;
101. Supik, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.;
102. and Shumer, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.
103. Berkas, Service-Learning: Meeting the Needs of Youth at Risk op. cit.;
104. and Shelley Billig et al., An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program (Denver: RMC Research, 1999).
105. Weiler et al., An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program op. cit.
106. Melchior, An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program op. cit.;
107. and Billig and Conrad, An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program op. cit.
108. Weiler et al., An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program op. cit.;
109. and Berkas, An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program op. cit.
110. Berkas, An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program Ibid.
111. Billig and Conrad, An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program op. cit.;
112. Weiler et al., An Evaluation of Jefferson County School District's School-to-Career Partnership Program op. cit.;
113. and Terry Pickeral, "An Evaluation of Six K-12 Service-Learning Programs in Oregon and Washington," unpublished report, 1998.
114. Weiler et al., An Evaluation of Six K-12 Service-Learning Programs in Oregon and Washingtonop. cit.
115. Billig and Conrad, An Evaluation of Six K-12 Service-Learning Programs in Oregon and Washingtonop. cit.;
116. Melchior, An Evaluation of Six K-12 Service-Learning Programs in Oregon and Washingtonop. cit.;
117. and Carol Kinsley, "Elementary School Programs," in Ranima Wade, ed., Community Service-Learning: A Guide to Including Service in the Public School Curriculum (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997).
118. Andersen et al., Community Service-Learning: A Guide to Including Service in the Public School Curriculum op. cit.;
119. and Billig and Conrad, Community Service-Learning: A Guide to Including Service in the Public School Curriculum op. cit.
120. Billig and Conrad, Community Service-Learning: A Guide to Including Service in the Public School Curriculum op. cit.;
121. Weiler et al., Community Service-Learning: A Guide to Including Service in the Public School Curriculum op. cit.;
122. Melchior, Community Service-Learning: A Guide to Including Service in the Public School Curriculum op. cit.;
123. S. F. Kingsland, M. Richards, and L. Coleman, A Status Report for KIDSNET, Year One, 1994-1995 (Portland: University of Southern Maine, 1995);
124. Kinsley, "Service-Learning";
125. and Kinsley, "Elementary School Programs."
126. Melchior, Elementary School Programs. op. cit.;
127. and Weiler et al., Elementary School Programs. op. cit.
128. Allen et al., Elementary School Programs. op. cit.;
129. and Weiler et al., Elementary School Programs. op. cit.
130. Melchior, Elementary School Programs. op. cit.;
131. and Dale Blyth, Rebecca Saito, and Thomas Berkas, "Quantitative Study of Service-Learning," in Alan Waterman, ed., Service-Learning (Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum, 1997), pp. 39-56,
132. cited in Perry, Service-Learning op. cit.
133. Carl Fertman, Service-Learning for All Students (Bloomington, Ind.: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1994);
134. and G. Oulette, "Documenting Learning Through Service: Cognitive and Affective Growth in a Service-Learning Program," The Generator, Spring 1992, pp. 1-2;
135. Morgan and Streb, The Generator, op. cit.;
136. Furco, The Generator, op. cit.;
137. and Weiler et al., The Generator, op. cit.
138. Conrad and Hedin, p. 744.