Critical illness polyneuropathy

Current Treatment Options in Neurology

Volumn 2, Issue 6, 2000, Pages 489-498

  Bolton, Charles F ^a   Young, G Bryan ^b  

^a MAYO CLINIC COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Critical Illness; Critical Illness Polyneuropathy; Multiple Organ Failure; Myopathy; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000336842     PISSN: 10928480     EISSN: 15343138     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11940-000-0027-9     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Bolton CF: Critical illness polyneuropathy. In Peripheral Nerve Disorders 2. Edited by Asbury AK, Thomas PK. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1995:262–280.
2. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med 1992, 20:864–874.
3. Bolton CF: Sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome: neuromuscular manifestations. Crit Care Med 1996, 24:1408–1416. A review of the literature and the author’s experience (Class III) relating how SIRS may have widespread effects on the human neuromuscular system.
4. Young GB, Bolton CF, Austin TW, et al.: The encephalopathy associated with septic illness. Clin Invest Med 1990, 13:297–304.
5. Zifko UA, Zipko HT, Bolton CF: Clinical and electrophysiological findings in critical illness polyneuropathy. J Neurol Sci 1998, 159:186–193. An update on the experience with CIP in London, Ontario, Canada. Despite utilizing respiratory electrophysiological studies in their prospective study (Class III) it was not possible to prove a relationship with respiratory abnormalities and duration of ventilation or stay in the ICU.
6. Zochodne DW, Bolton CF, Wells GA, et al.: Critical illness polyneuropathy: a complication of sepsis and multiple organ failure. Brain 1987, 110:819–841.
7. Leijten FS, de Weerd AW: Critical illness polyneuropathy. A review of the literature, definition and pathophysiology. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1994, 96:10–19. A major paper based on Leijten’s thesis, critical illness polyneuropathy. This is a comprehensive review of the literature and results of a Class III study of 50 patients, examining relationships to organ dysfunction, weaning from the ventilator, and the clinical and EMG spectrum.
8. Rich MM, Bird SJ, Raps EC, et al.: Direct muscle stimulation in acute quadriplegic myopathy. Muscle Nerve 1997, 20:665–673. A fine study describing a new technique for directly studying the electrical function of muscle membrane in critically ill patients.
9. Bolton CF: AAEM minimonograph #40: clinical neurophysiology of the respiratory system. Muscle Nerve 1993, 16:809–818.
10. McKhann GM, Cornblath DR, Griffin JW, et al.: Acute motor axonal neuropathy: a frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China. Ann Neurol 1993, 33:333–342.
11. Yuki N, Hirata K: Relation between critical illness polyneuropathy and axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome [letter]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999, 67:128–129.
12. Hirano M, Ott BR, Raps EC, et al.: Acute quadriplegic myopathy: a complication of treatment with steroids, nondepolarizing blocking agents, or both. Neurology 1992, 42:2082–2087.
13. Lacomis D, Giuliani MJ, Van Cott A, Kramer DJ: Acute myopathy of intensive care: clinical, electromyographic, and pathological aspects. Ann Neurol 1996, 40:645–654. A well-designed retrospective (Class III) study detailing the clinical, electrophysiologic, and histopathologic features of the acute myopathy associated with intensive care. Exposure to neuromuscular blocking agents and corticosteroids in the setting of critical illness was prominent.
14. Zochodne DW, Ramsay DA, Saly V, et al.: Acute necrotizing myopathy of intensive care: electrophysiological studies. Muscle Nerve 1994, 17:285–292.
15. Lacomis D, Petrella JT, Giuliani MJ: Causes of neuromuscular weakness in the intensive care unit: a study of ninety-two patients. Muscle Nerve 1998, 21:610–617.
16. Witt NJ, Zochodne DW, Bolton CF, et al.: Peripheral nerve function in sepsis and multiple organ failure. Chest 1991, 99:176–184. A perspective study (Class III) relating peripheral nerve function to a variety of factors that might cause neuropathy in critically ill patients. The evidence pointed to sepsis (SIRS).
17. Berek K, Margreiter J, Willeit J, et al.: Polyneuropathies in critically ill patients: a prospective evaluation. Intensive Care Med 1996, 22:849–855. A well-designed Class III prospective study using clinical and electrophysiologic methods. The incidence of CIP was 70%, with no relationship to the use of neuromuscular blocking agents or corticosteroids.
18. Latronico N, Fenzi F, Recupero D, et al.: Critical illness myopathy and neuropathy. Lancet 1996, 347:1579–1582. A Class III study using clinical, electrophysiologic, and nerve and muscle biopsy findings to study critically ill patients with acute, severe weakness. The incidence of combined neuropathy and myopathy was high, but some patients had normal morphologic findings, suggesting early ‘functional’ derangement of nerve and muscle.
19. Wijdicks EF, Fulgham JR: Failure of high dose intravenous immunoglobulins to alter the clinical course of critical illness polyneuropathy [letter]. Muscle Nerve 1994, 17:1494–1495.
20. Hund E, Herkert M, Becker C-M, Hacke W: A humoral neurotoxic factor in sera of patients with critical illness polyneuropathy [abstract]. Ann Neurol 1996, 40:539. An example of a neurological experimental design to elucidate the course of CIP.
21. Karpati G, Carpenter S, Eisen AA: Experimental core-like lesions and nemaline rods: a correlative morphological and physiological study. Arch Neurol 1972, 27:237–251.
22. Op de Coul AA, Verheul GA, Leyten AC, et al.: Critical illness polyneuromyopathy after artificial respiration. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1991, 93:27–33.
23. Baue AE, Berlot G, Gullo A: Sepsis and Organ Dysfunction: Epidemiology and Scoring Systems: Pathophysiology and Therapy. Milano: Springer; 1998.
24. Leijten FS, Harinck-de Weerd JE, Poortvliet DC, de Weerd AW: The role of polyneuropathy in motor convalescence after prolonged mechanical ventilation. JAMA 1995, 274:1221–1225.
25. Opal SM, Yu RL: Antiendotoxin strategies for the prevention and treatment of septic shock. New approaches and future directions. Drugs 1998, 55:497–508.
26. Levy H, Ash SR, Knab W, et al.: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome treatment by powdered sorbent pheresis: the BioLogic-Detoxification Plasma Filtration System. Asaio J 1998, 44:M659-M665.
27. Vincent JL, Tielemans C: Continuous hemofiltration in severe sepsis: is it beneficial? J Crit Care 1995, 10:27–32.
28. Werdan K: Supplemental immune globulins in sepsis. Clin Chem Lab Med 1999, 37:341–349.
29. Mohr M, Englisch L, Roth A, et al.: Effects of early treatment with immunoglobulin on critical illness polyneuropathy following multiple organ failure and gram-negative sepsis. Intensive Care Med 1997, 23:1144–1149.
30. Waldhausen E, Mingers B, Lippers P, Keser G: Critical illness polyneuropathy due to parenteral nutrition (letter). Intensive Care Med 1997, 23:922–923.
31. Marino PL, Millili JJ: Possible role of dietary lipids in critical illness polyneuropathy [letter]. Intensive Care Med 1998, 24:87.
32. Bolton CF, Young GB: Critical illness polyneuropathy due to parenteral nutrition [letter]. Intensive Care Med 1997, 23:924–925.
33. Leijten FSS, De Weerd AW, Harinck-De Weerd JE, et al.: Critical illness polyneuropathy due to parenteral nutrition [reply to letter]. Intensive Care Med 1997, 23:925.