Reassessment of butterfly family relationships using independent genes and morphology

Annals of the Entomological Society of America

Volumn 89, Issue 2, 1996, Pages 184-192

  Weller, S J ^a   Pashley, D P ^b   Martin, J A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^b LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Lepidoptera; Mitochondrial DNA; Ribosomal RNA; Systematics

Indexed keywords

DANAINAE; LEPIDOPTERA; LIBYTHEINAE; LYCAENIDAE; NYMPHALIDAE; PAPILIONIDAE; PIERIDAE; RIODINIDAE;

EID: 0000316917     PISSN: 00138746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/aesa/89.2.184     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Ackery, P. R. 1984. Systematic and faunistic studies on butterflies, pp. 9-21. In R. I. Vane-Wright and P. R. Ackery [eds.], The biology of butterflies. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society, London. Academic, London.
2. 1988. Hostplans and classification: a review of nymphalid butterflies. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 33: 95-203.
3. Brower, A.V.Z., and R. DeSalle. 1994. Practical and theoretical considerations for choice of a DNA sequence region in insect molecular systematics with a short review of published studies using nuclear gene regions. Annu. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87: 702-716.
4. DeSalle, R., and D. A. Grimaldi. 1991. Morphological and molecular systematics of the Drosophilidae. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 22: 447-475.
5. Doyle, J. J. 1992. Gene trees and species trees: Molecular systematics as a I-character taxonomy. Syst. Bot. 17: 144-163.
6. Eernisse, D. J., and A. G. Lluge. 1993. Taxonomic congruence versus total evidence, and amnite phylogeny inferred from fossils, molecules, and morphology. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10: 1170-1195.
7. Ehrlich, P. R. 1958. The comparative morphology, phylogeny, and higher classification of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea). Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 39: 305-370.
8. Ehrlich, P. R., and A. H. Ehrlich. 1967. The phenetic relationships of the butterflies. I. Abult taxonomu and the non-specificity hypothesis. Syst. Zool. 16: 301-317.
9. Eliot, J. N. 1973. The higher classification of the Lycaenidae (Lepidoptera): a tentative arrangement. Bull. Br. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomol. 28: 373-500.
10. Farris, J. S. 1969. A successive approximations approach to character weighing. Syst. Zool. 18: 374-385.
11. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phylogenies: and approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791.
12. Ford, E. B. 1957. Butterflies. The new naturalist, 3rd ed. Collins, London.
13. Hameock, J. M., D. Tautz, and G. A. Dover. 1988. Evolution of the secondary structures and compensatory mutations of ribosomal RNAs of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 5: 393-414.
14. Harbey, D. 1987. The higher classification of the Riodinidae (Lapidoptera). Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Texas, Austin.
15. 1991. Appendix B: higher classification of the Nymphalidae, pp. 255-268. In The development and evolution of butterfly wing patterns. H. F. Nijhout. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.
16. Hillis, D., and J. Bull. 1993. An empirical test of bootstrapping as a method for assessinf confidence in phylogenetic analysis. Syst. Biol. 42: 182-192.
17. Howe, W. H. 1975. The butterflies of North America. Doubleday, Garden City, NY.
18. Kluge, A. G. 1989. A concern for evidence and a phylogenetic hypothesis of relationships among Epicrates (Boidae, Serpentes). Syst. Zool. 38: 7-25.
19. Kraus, F., and M. M. Miyamoto. 1991. Rapid cladogenesis among the pecoran ruminants: Evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Syst. Zool. 40: 117-130.
20. Kristensen, N. P. 1976. Remarks on the family-level phylogeny of butterflies (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Z. Zool. Syst. Evol. Forsch. 14: 25-33.
21. Maniatis, T., E. Fritsch, and J. Sambrook. 1982. Molecular cloning. A laboratory manual. Cold Spring Haror Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.
22. Martin, J. A., and D. P. Pashley. 1992. Molecular Systematic analysis of butterfly family and some subfamily relationships (Lepidoptera: Papilionaidea). Annu. Entomol. Soc. Am. 85: 127-139.
23. Miller, L. D., and F. M. Brown. 1981. A catalogue/ checldist of the butterflies of America north of Mexico. Mem. Lepid. Soc. 2.
24. 1983a. Hesperioidea, pp. 42-48. In R. Hodges, T. Dominick, D. Davis, D. Ferguson, J. Franclemont, E. Munroe, and J. Powell [eds.], Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America north of Mexico. Classey and Wedge Entomology Research Foundation, London.
25. 1983b. Pappilionoidea, pp. 49-65. In R. Hodges, T. Dominick, D. Davis, D. Ferguson, J. Frandemont, E. Munroe, and J. Powell [eds.], Checklist of the Lepidoptera of North America North of Mexico. Classey and Wedge Entomology Research Foundation, London.
26. Pamilo, P., and M. Nei. 1988. Relationships between gene trees and species trees. Mol. Biol. Evol. 5: 568-583.
27. Robbins, R. K. 1987. Logic and phytogeny: a critique of Scott's phylogenies to the butterflies and Macrolepidoptera. J. Lepid. Soc. 41: 214-216.
28. 1988. Comparative morphology of the butterfly foreleg coxa and trocanter (Lepidoptera) and its systematic implications. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 90: 133-154.
29. 1989. Systematic implications of butterfly leg structures that clean antennae. Psyche 96: 209-222.
30. Saiki, R. K., Gelfand, D. H., Stoffel, S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G. T., Mullis, K. B., and Erlich, H. A. 1988. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science (Wachington, D.C.) 239: 487-491.
31. Sanderson, M. J. 1989. Confidence limits on phylogenies: the bootstrap revisited. Cladistics 5: 113-129.
32. Sanderson, M. J., and M. J. Donahue. 1989. Patterns of variation in levels of homoplasy. Evolution 43: 1781-1785.
33. Sanger, F., S. Nicklen, and A. R. Coulson. 1977. DNA sequencing with chain terminator inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74: 5436-5437.
34. Scott, J. 1985. The phylogeny of butterflies (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea). J. Res. Lepid. 23: 241-281.
35. 1986. The butterflies of North America: a natural history and field guide. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
36. 1987. Logic and phylogeny: reply to R. K. Robbins. J. Lepid. Soc. 41: 216-218.
37. Simon, C., F. Frati, A. Beckenbach, B. Crespi, H. Lin, and P. Flook. 1994. Evolution, weighing and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences, and a compilation of conserved PCR primers. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87: 651-701.
38. Smart, P. 1989. The illustrated encyclopedia of the butterfly world. Chartwell, New York.
39. Swofford, D. L. 1989. PAUP - Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. MAC version 3.0g. Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign.
40. Vane-Wright, R. I., S. Sehulz, and M. Boppre. 1992. The cladistics of Amauris butterflies: congruence. consensus and total evidence. Cladistics 8: 125-138.
41. Weller, S. J., and D. P. Pashley. 1995. In search of butterfly origins. Mol. Phylogenet. and Evol. 4: 235-246.
42. Weller, S. J., T. P. Friedlander, J. A. Martin, and D. P. Pashley. 1992. Phylogenetic studies of ribosomal RNA variation in higher moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera: Ditrysia). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 1: 312-337.
43. Weller, S. J., D. P. Pashley, J. A. Martin, and J. L. Constable. 1994. Phylogeny of noctuoid moths and the utility of combining independent nuclear and mitochondrial genes. Syst. Biol. 43: 194-211.
44. Yagi, M., and N. Koyama. 1963. The compound eye of the Lepidoptera. Tokyo.