Attribution and its application to mesoscale structure associated with tropopause folds

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 123, Issue 544, 1997, Pages 2377-2399

  Thorpe, A J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF READING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Extra tropical cyclone; Potential vorticity; Troposphere stratosphere interaction; Vertical motion

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000316506     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.49712354411     Document Type: Article

References (19)

1. Birkett, H. R. and Thorpe, A. J. 1997 Superposing semi-geostrophic potential vorticity anomalies. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 2157-2163
2. Bishop, C. H. and Thorpe, A. J. 1994 Potential vorticity and the electrostatics analogy: quasi-geostrophic theory. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 120, 713-731
3. Browning, K. A. and Golding, B. W. 1995 Mesoscale aspects of a dry intrusion within a vigorous cyclone. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 463-493
4. Browning, K. A. and Reynolds, R. 1994 Diagnostic study of a narrow cold frontal rainband and severe winds associated with a stratospheric intrusion. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 120, 235-257
5. Chan, D. S. T. and Chou, H-R. 1989 Meso-beta scale potential-vorticity anomalies and rainbands. Part I: Adiabatic dynamics of potential-vorticity anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1713-1723
6. Clough, S. A., Davitt, C. S. A. and Thorpe, A. J. 1996 Attribution concepts applied to the omega equation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 1943-1962
7. Davis, C. A. and Emanuel, K. A. 1991 Potential-vorticity diagnostics of cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 1929-1953
8. Davis, C. A. 1992 Piecewise potential inversion. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1397-1411
9. Eliassen, A. 1962 On the vertical circulation in frontal zones. Geophys. Publ., 24, No. 4, 147-160
10. Hirschberg, P. A. and Fritsch, M. J. 1991 Tropopause undulations and the development of extra-tropical cyclones. Part II Diagnostic analysis and conceptual model. Mon. Weather Rev., 119, 518-550
11. Hoskins, B. J. 1975 The geostrophic momentum approximation and the semi-geostrophic equations. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 233-242
12. Hoskins, B. J. and Draghici, I. 1977 The forcing of ageostrophic motion according to the semi-geostrophic equations and in an isentropic model. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1858-1867
13. Hoskins, B. J., McIntyre, M. E. and Robertson, A. W. 1985 On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 111, 877-946
14. Keyser, D. and Pecknick, M. J. 1985 A two-dimensional primitive equation model of frontogenesis forced by confluence and horizontal shear. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1259-1282
15. Moore, G. W. K. 1993 The development of tropopause folds in two-dimensional models of frontogenesis. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2321-2334
16. Shapiro, M. A. 1981 Frontogenesis and geostrophically forced secondary circulations in the vicinity of jet stream-frontal zone systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 954-973
17. Stein, U. and Alpert, P. 1993 Factor separation in numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2107-2115
18. Thorpe, A. J. and Emanuel, K. A. 1985 Frontogenesis in the presence of small stability to slantwise convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 1809-1824
19. Thorpe, A. J. and Bishop, C. H. 1995 Potential vorticity and the electrostatics analogy: Ertel-Rossby formulation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 121, 1477-1495