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Volumn 118, Issue 12, 1996, Pages 2825-2842

Staurosporine and ent-staurosporine: The first total syntheses, prospects for a regioselective approach, and activity profiles

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Indexed keywords


EID: 0000314933     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja952907g     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (140)

References (87)
  • 1
    • 11044220692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taken in part from the Ph.D. thesis of J T.L. (1995), Columbia University
    • Taken in part from the Ph.D. thesis of J T.L. (1995), Columbia University.
  • 16
  • 48
    • 11044238852 scopus 로고
    • Bergman, J., Ed.; The Royal Society of Chemistry: London
    • (b) Winterfeldt. E. In Heterocycles in Bio-Organic Chemistry: Bergman, J., Ed.; The Royal Society of Chemistry: London, 1991; pp 18-27.
    • (1991) Heterocycles in Bio-Organic Chemistry , pp. 18-27
    • Winterfeldt, E.1
  • 56
    • 11044230094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Epoxide 26b slowly decomposed during the reaction and did not yield a methyl glycoside.
  • 58
    • 11044234220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Compound 43 was prepared from protected dibromomaleimide 40 via the shown three-step sequence. (chemical equation presented) (a) Indole Grignard, PhH, 0 °C → rt, overnight, 82%. (b) NaH, THF, rt, then SEMCl, 91%. (c) Indole Grignard, PhH. 0 °C → rt, overnight, 75%.
  • 60
    • 11044221495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • In practice 44 and 45 were not separated and were converted to 46 and 47 which were readily separated. Coupling constant analysis of 46 and 47 indicated the stereochemistry of the materials. Indole glycoside 46 shows an H1′-H2′ coupling constant of J = 6.6 Hz and a H2′-H3′ coupling constant of J = 5.6 Hz consistant with the axial-axial-axial proton arrangement in the conformation shown for 46. Indole glycoside 47 shows an H1′-H2′ coupling constant of J = 5.2 Hz and a H2′-H3′ coupling constant of J = 3.2 Hz, consistant with the axial-axial-equatorial proton arrangement in the conformation shown for 47.
  • 63
    • 11044224423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2. All failed to mediate the desired cyclization and in some cases failed even when attempts were made to make the more nucleophilic stannylated indole. Attempts to trap the activated intermediates with methanol and thiophenol also failed as did attempts to generate a nitrogen centered radical.
  • 64
    • 85088543728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
  • 66
    • 85088543169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 at ambient temperature the coupling constants for the dd (6.17 ppm) observed for the anomeric proton of 53b were J = 11.8 Hz and J = 2.5 Hz.
  • 67
    • 85088543258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3OD was treated with 2 equiv of potassium tert-butoxide. The signal for the anomeric proton moved downfield to 6.94 ppm and appeared as an apparent triplet with J = 4.3 Hz.
  • 68
    • 11044229852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Our attempts have been plagued by mixtures of anomers, low yields, and competitive C-glycosylation.
  • 69
    • 11044225240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • We also had considered converting the imides 62 and 63 (X = O) to mono-thioimides 62 and 63 (X = S) which could be reduced at a late stage of the synthesis. Unfortunately, in our hands attempts to thiate our intermediates with Lawesson's reagent were unsuccessful
  • 71
    • 0010077452 scopus 로고
    • For a review of the application of lanthanide reagents in organic synthesis see Molander, G. A. Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 29.
    • (1992) Chem. Rev. , vol.92 , pp. 29
    • Molander, G.A.1
  • 72
    • 11044228201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • It should be noted that the structures of 78 and 79 were assigned in analogy with the reduction results of model imide 64.
  • 73
    • 11044228897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • All cyclization studies were performed only in the ent-series. However, the natural series is shown throughout Scheme 15 since characterization was performed in that series.
  • 74
    • 85088542242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 3 were tried with sodium borohydride and Red-Al respectively on both ent-7-oxostaurosporine and ent-7-oxo-4′-N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)staurosporine.
  • 75
    • 0000900750 scopus 로고
    • Nucleophilic Addition to Arene-Metal Complexes
    • Pergamon Press: New York
    • For a review see Semmelhack, M. F Nucleophilic Addition to Arene-Metal Complexes. In Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Pergamon Press: New York, 1991; pp 517-549.
    • (1991) Comprehensive Organic Synthesis , pp. 517-549
    • Semmelhack, M.F.1
  • 78
    • 11044236370 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The reduction to the hydroxy lactams was performed with sodium borohydride and was followed by decomplexation with iodine. Further reduction to 2 and 89 was accomplished with phenylselenol.


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