Bone modifications resulting from captive chimpanzee mastication: Implications for the interpretation of Pliocene archaeological faunas

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 24, Issue 12, 1997, Pages 1115-1127

  Pickering, Travis Rayne ^a   Wallis, Janette ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA   (United States)

Author keywords

Bone modifications; Chimpanzees; Configurational approach; Faunal analysis; Models; Pliocene hominids; Taphonomy

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000306967     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jasc.1996.0191     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Aiello, L. C. (1992). Allometry and the analysis of size and shape in human evolution. Journal of Human Evolution 22, 127-147.
2. Ashton, E. H. & Zuckerman, F. R. S. (1950). Some quantitative dental characteristics of the chimpanzee, gorilla and orang-outang. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London 234B, 471-484.
3. Berger, L. R. & Tobias, P. V. (1996). A chimpanzee-like tibia from Sterkfontein, South Africa and its implications for the interpretation of bipedalism in Australopithecus africanus. Journal of Human Evolution 30, 343-348.
4. Binford, L. R. (1978). Nunamuit Ethnoarchaeology. New York: Academic Press.
5. Binford, L. R. (1981). Bones: Ancient Men and Modern Myths. New York: Academic Press.
6. Binford, L. R. (1984). Faunal Remains from Klaises River Mouth. Orlando (FL): Academic Press.
7. Binford, L. R. (1985). Human ancestors: changing views of their behavior. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 4, 292-327.
8. Binford, L. R. & Bertram, J. B. (1977). Bone frequencies - and attritional processes. In (L. R. Binford, Ed.) Theory Building in Archaeology. New York: Academic Press, pp. 77-153.
9. Binford, L. R. & Stone, N. M. (1986). Zhoukoudian: a closer look. Current Anthropology 27, 453-474.
10. Binford, L. R., Mills, M. G. L. & Stone, N. M. (1988). Hyena scavenging behavior and its implications for the interpretation of faunal assemblages from FLK 22 (the Zinj floor) at Olduvai Gorge. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 7, 99-135.
11. Blumenschine, R. J. (1986). Early Hominid Scavenging Opportunities: Implications of Carcass Availability in the Serengeti and Ngorongoro Ecosystems. British Archaeological Reports International Series 283.
12. Blumenschine, R. J. (1987). Characteristics of an early hominid scavenging niche. Current Anthropology 28, 383-407.
13. Blumenschine, R. J. (1995). Percussion marks, tooth marks, and experimental determinations of the timing of hominid and carnivore access to long bones at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Journal of Human Evolution 29, 21-51.
14. Blumenschine, R. J. & Marean, C. W. (1993). A carnivore's view of archaeological bone assemblages. In (J. Hudson, Ed.) From Bones to Behavior: Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Contributions in the Interpretation of Faunal Remains. Carbondale (IL): Southern Illinois University, pp. 273-300.
15. Blumenschine, R. J. & Selvaggio, M. M. (1988). Percussion marks on bone surfaces as a new diagnostic of hominid behavior. Nature 333, 763-765.
16. Blumenschine, R. J. & Selvaggio, M. M. (1991). On the marks of marrow processing by hammerstones and hyenas: their anatomical patterning and archaeological implications. In (J. D. Clark, Ed.) Cultural Beginnings: Approaches to Understanding Early Hominid Life-ways in the African Savanna. Bonn: Dr Rudolf Habelt GMBH, pp. 17-32.
17. Blumenschine, R. J., Marean, C. W. & Capaldo, S. D. (1996). Blind tests of inter-analyst correspondence and accuracy in the identification of cut marks, percussion marks, and carnivore tooth marks on bone surfaces. Journal of Archaeological Science 23, 493-507.
18. Boaz, N. T., Bernor, R. L., Brooks, A. S., Cooke, H. B. S., de Heinzelin, J., Dechamps, R., Delson, E., Gentry, A. W., Harris, J. W. K., Meylan, P., Pavlakis, P. P., Sanders, W. J., Stewart, K. M., Verniers, J., Williamson, P. G. & Winkler, A. J. (1992). A new evaluation of the significance of the Late Neogene Lusso Beds, Upper Semliki Valley, Zaire. Journal of Human Evolution 22, 505-517.
19. Boesch, C. & Boesch, H. (1989). Hunting behavior of wild chimpanzees in the Tai National Park. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 78, 547-573.
20. Bonnichsen, R. & Sorg, M. H. (Eds). (1989). Bone Modifications. Orono (ME): Center for the Study of the First Americans.
21. Bonnichsen, R. & Will, R. T. (1980). Cultural modification of bone: the experimental approach to faunal analysis. In (B. M. Gilbert, Ed.) Mammalian Osteology. Columbia (MO): Special Publication, Missouri Archaeological Society, pp. 7-30.
22. Brain, C. K. (1976). Some principles in the interpretation of bone accumulations associated with man. In (G. Ll. Isaac & E. McCown, Eds) Human Origins: Louis Leakey and the East African Evidence. Menlo Park (CA): W. A. Benjamin, pp. 97-116.
23. Brain, C. K. (1981). The Hunters or the Hunted? An Introduction to African Cave Taphonomy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
24. Bunn, H. T. (1981). Archaeological evidence for meat-eating by Plio-Pleistocene hominids from Koobi Fora and Olduvai Gorge. Nature 291, 574-577.
25. Bunn, H. T. (1982). Meat-Eating and Human Evolution: Studies on the Diet and Subsistence Patterns of Plio-Pleistocene Hominids in East Africa. Ph.D. Thesis. University of California, Berkeley.
26. Bunn, H. T. (1989). Diagnosing Plio-Pleistocene hominid activity with bone fracture evidence. In (R. Bonnischsen & M. H. Sorg, Eds) Bone Modification. Orono (ME): Center for the Study of the First Americans, pp. 299-315.
27. Bunn, H. T. (1991). A taphonomic perspective on the archaeology of human origins. Annual Review of Anthropology 20, 433-467.
28. Bunn, H. T. & Ezzo, J. A. (1993). Hunting and scavenging by Plio-Pleistocene hominids: nutritional constraints, archaeological patterns and behavioural implications. Journal of Archaeological Science 20, 365-389.
29. Bunn, H. T. & Kroll, E. M. (1986). Systematic butchery by Plio/ Pleistocene hominids at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Current Anthropology 27, 431-452.
30. Bunn, H. T., Harris, J. W. K., Isaac, G. Ll., Kaufulu, Z., Kroll, E., Schick, K., Toth, N. & Behrensmeyer, A. K. (1980). FxJj 50: an early Pleistocene site in northern Kenya. World Archaeology 12, 109-136.
31. Capaldo, S. D. & Blumenschine, R. J. (1994). A quantitative diagnosis of notches made by hammerstone percussion and carnivore gnawing on bovid long bones. American Antiquity 59, 724-748.
32. Cavallo, J. A. & Blumenschine, R. J. (1989). Tree-stored leopard kills: expanding the hominid scavenging niche. Journal of Human Evolution 18, 393-399.
33. Clarke, R. J. & Tobias, P. V. (1995). Sterkfontein Member 2 foot bones of the oldest South African hominid. Science 269, 521-524.
34. Demes, B. & Creel, N. (1988). Bite force, diet and cranial morphology of fossil hominids. Journal of Human Evolution 17, 657-670.
35. Eickhoff, S. & Herrmann, B. (1985). Surface marks on bones from a Neolithic collective grave (Odagsen, Lower Saxony): a study on differential diagnosis. Journal of Human Evolution 14, 263-274.
36. Fisher, J. W. (1995). Bone surface modifications in zooarchaeology. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 2, 7-68.
37. Freeman, L. G. (1983). More on the Mousterian: flaked bone from Cueva Morin. Current Anthropology 24, 366-373.
38. Gifford-Gonzalez, D. (1989). Ethnographic analogues for interpreting modified bones: some cases from East Africa. In (R. Bonnichsen & M. H. Sorg, Eds) Bone Modification. Orono (ME): Center for the Study of the First Americans, pp. 179-246.
39. Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge: Harvard University.
40. Harris, J. W. K. & Capaldo, S. D. (1993). The earliest stone tools: their implications for an understanding of the activities and behaviour of late Pliocene hominids. In (A. Berthelet & J. Chavaillon, Eds) The Use of Tools by Human and Non-Human Primates. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 196-220.
41. Hartwig-Scherer, S. & Martin, R. D. (1991). Was "Lucy" more human than her "child"? Observations on early hominid post-cranial skeletons. Journal of Human Evolution 21, 439-449.
42. Haynes, G. A. (1980). Evidence of carnivore gnawing on Pleistocene and recent mammalian bones. Paleobiology 6, 341-351.
43. Haynes, G. A. (1983). A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones. Paleobiology 9, 164-172.
44. Hill, A. P. (1980). Early postmortem damage to the remains of some contemporary East African mammals. In (A. K. Behrensmeyer & A. P. Hill, Eds) Fossils in the Making: Vertebrate Taphonomy and Paleoecology. Chicago: University of Chicago, pp. 131-152.
45. Hill, A. P. (1989). Bone modification by modern spotted hyenas. In (R. Bonnichsen & M. H. Sorg, Eds) Bone Modification. Orono (ME): Center for the Study of the First Americans, pp. 169-178.
46. Hillson, S. (1986). Teeth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
47. Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M., Bryne, R. W., Takasaki, H. & Bryne, J. M. E. (1986). Aggression toward large carnivores by wild chimpanzees of Mahale National Park. Folia Primatologica 47, 8-13.
48. Johnson, D. C., Lovejoy, C. O., Kimbel, W. H., White, T. D., Ward, S. C., Bush, M. E., Latimer, B. M. & Coppens, Y. (1982). Morphology of the Pliocene partial hominid skeleton (A.L. 288-1) from the Hadar Formation, Ethiopia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 57, 403-452.
49. Johanson, D. C., Masao, F. T., Eck, G. G., White, T. D., Walter, R. C., Kimbel, W. H., Asfaw, B., Manega, P., Ndessokia, P. & Suwa, G. (1987). New partial skeleton of Homo habilis from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Nature 327, 205-209.
50. Johnson, E. (1985). Current developments in bone technology. In (M. Schiffer, Ed.) Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Vol. 8. New York: Academic Press, pp. 157-235.
51. Johnson, E. (1989). Human modified bones from early Southern Plains sites. In (R. Bonnichsen & M. H. Sorg, Eds) Bone Modification. Orono (ME): Center for the Study of the First Americans, pp. 431-471.
52. Jones, K. T. (1983). Forager archaeology: the Ache of eastern Paraguay. In (G. M. LeMoine & A. S. MacEachern, Eds) Carnivores, Human Scavengers and Predators: A Question of Bone Technology. Calgary: University of Calgary Archaeological Association, pp. 171-191.
53. Kawanaka, K. (1982). Further studies on predation by chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates 23, 364-384.
54. Kibunjia, M. (1994). Pliocene archaeological occurrences in the Lake Turkana Basin. Journal of Human Evolution 27, 159-171.
55. Kibunjia, M., Roche, H., Brown, F. H. & Leakey, R. E. (1992). Pliocene and Pleistocene archaeological sites west of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Journal of Human Evolution 23, 431-438.
56. Kimbel, W. H., Johanson, D. C. & Rak, Y. (1994). The first skull and other new discoveries of Australopithecus afarensis at Hadar, Ethiopia. Nature 368, 449-451.
57. Kimbel, W. H., Walter, R. C., Johanson, D. C., Reed, K. E., Aronson, J. L., Assefa, Z., Marean, C. W., Eck, G. G., Bobe, R., Hovers, E., Rak, Y., Vondra, C., Yemane, T., York, D., Chen, Y., Evenson, N. M. & Smith, P. E. (1996). Late Pliocene Homo and Oldowan tools from the Hadar Formation (Kada Hadar Member), Ethiopia. Journal of Human Evolution 31, 549-561.
58. Lyman, R. L. (1994). Vertebrate Taphonomy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
59. Maguire, J. M., Pemberton, D. & Collett, M. H. (1980). The Makapansgat Limeworks grey breccia: hominids, hyaenas, hystricids or hillwash? Palaeontologica Africana 23, 75-98.
60. Marshall, L. G. (1989). Bone modification and the "laws of burial". In (R. Bonnichsen & M. H. Sorg, Eds) Bone Modification. Orono (ME): Center for the Study of the First Americans, pp. 7-24.
61. Morris, K. & Goodall, J. (1977). Competition for meat between chimpanzees and baboons of the Gombe National Park. Folia Primatologica 28, 109-121.
62. Nishida, T., Uehara, S. & Nyundo, R. (1979). Predatory behavior among wild chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains. Primates 20, 1-20.
63. Oliver, J. S. (1993). Carcass processing by the Hadza: bone breakage from butchery to consumption. In (J. Hudson, Ed.) From Bones to Behavior: Ethnoarchaeological and Experimental Contributions to the Interpretation of Faunal Remains. Carbondale (IL): Southern Illinois University, pp. 200-227.
64. Plummer, T. & Stanford, C. B. (1996). Analysis of a prey bone assemblage from a kill site made by wild chimpanzees. American Journal of Physical Anthropology Supplement 22, 187.
65. Potts, R. & Shipman, P. (1981). Cutmarks made by stone tools on bones from Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Nature 291, 577-580.
66. Selvaggio, M. M. (1995). Evidence from Carnivore Tooth Marks and Stone-Tool-Butchery Marks for Scavenging by Hominids at FLK Zinjanthropus, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania. Ph.D. Thesis. Rutgers University, New Brunswick (N.J.).
67. Shipman, P. (1981). Life History of a Fossil: An Introduction to Taphonomy and Paleoecology. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
68. Shipman, P. (1983). Early hominid lifestyle: hunting and gathering or foraging and scavenging? In (J. Clutton-Brock & C. Grigson, Eds) Animals and Archaeology, Vol. 1: Hunters and Their Prey. British Archaeological Reports International Series 163, 31-49.
69. Shipman, P., Bosler, W. & Davis, K. L. (1981). Butchering of giant geladas at an Acheulian site. Current Anthropology 22, 257-268.
70. Shipman, P. & Rose, J. (1983a). Early hominid hunting, butchering, and carcass processing behaviors: approaches to the fossil record. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 2, 57-98.
71. Shipman, P. & Rose, J. (1983b). Evidence of butchery and hominid activities at Torralba and Ambrona: an evaluation using microscopic techniques. Journal of Archaeological Science 10, 465-474.
72. Stanford, C. B., Wallis, J., Matama, H. & Goodall, J. (1994). Patterns of predation by chimpanzees on red colobus monkeys in the Gombe National Park, 1982-1991. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 94, 213-228.
73. Swindler, D. R. (1976). Dentition of Living Primates. London: Academic Press.
74. Takahata, Y., Hasegawa, T. & Nishida, T. (1984). Chimpanzee predation in the Mahale Mountains from August 1979 to May 1982. International Journal of Primatology 5, 213-233.
75. Teleki, G. (1973). The Predatory Behavior of Wild Chimpanzees. Lewisburg (PA): Bucknell University.
76. Teleki, G. (1981). The omnivorous diet and eclectic feeding habits of chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. In (R. S. O. Harding & G. Teleki, Eds) Omnivorous Primates: Gathering and Hunting in Human Evolution. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 303-343.
77. Turner, C. G. (1983). Taphonomic reconstruction of human violence and cannibalism based on mass burials in the American Southwest. In (G. M. LeMoine, & A. S. MacEachern, Eds) Carnivores, Human Scavengers and Predators: A Question of Bone Technology. Calgary, University of Calgary Archaeological Association, pp. 219-240.
78. Uehara, S., Nishida, T., Hamai, M., Hasegawa, T., Hayaki, H., Huffman, M., Kawanaka, K., Kobayoshi, S., Mitani, J., Takahata, Y., Takasaki, H. & Tsukahara, T. (1992). Characteristics of predation by the chimpanzees in the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania. In (T. Nishida, W. C. McGrew, P. Marler, M. Pickford & F. deWaal, Eds) Topics in Primatology, Vol. 1, Human Origins. Tokyo: University of Tokyo, pp. 143-158.
79. White, T. D. (1992). Prehistoric Cannibalism at Mancos 5MTUMR-2346. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.
80. White, T. D., Suwa, G. & Asfaw, B. (1994). Australopithecus ramidus, a new species of early hominid from Aramis, Ethiopia. Nature 371, 306-312.