Spatially Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Carbon Electrode Surfaces: Observations of Structural and Chemical Heterogeneity

Analytical Chemistry

Volumn 69, Issue 22, 1997, Pages 4680-4687

  Ray III, Kenneth ^a   McCreery, Richard L ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000302833     PISSN: 00032700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ac9705531     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. McCreery, R. L. In Electroanalytical Chemistry, Bard, A. J., Ed.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1991; Vol. 17, pp 221-374.
2. Kinoshita, K. Carbon: Electrochemical and Physicochemical Properties; Wiley: New York, 1988.
3. McCreery, R. L.; Cline, K. K.; McDermott, C. A.; McDermott, M. T. Colloids Surf. 1994, 93, 211.
4. McCreery, R. L. In Laboratory Techniques in Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Kissinger, P. T., Heineman, W. R., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 1996; Chapter 10.
5. Pantano, P.; Kuhr, W.; Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 617.
6. Hopper, P.; Kuhr, W.; Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1996.
7. Pantano, P.; Kuhr, W.; Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 1413.
8. Pharr, C.; Engstrom, R.; Klancke, J.; Unzelman, P. Electroanalysis 1990,2, 217.
9. Bowling, R.; McCreery, R. L.; Pharr, C.; Engstrom, R. Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 2763.
10. Pharr, C.; Engstrom, R.; Tople, R.; Bee, T.; Unzelman, P. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1990, 278, 119.
11. Engstrom, R.; Small, B.; Katlan, L. Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 241.
12. Bard, A. J.; Fan, F.-R.; Pierce, D.; Unwin, P.; Wipf, D.; Zhou, F. Science 1991, 254, 68.
13. Wipf, D.; Bard, A. J. J. Electrochem. Soc. 1991, 138, L4.
14. Treado, P. J.; Govil, A.; Morris, M. D.; Sternitzke, K.; McCreery, R. L. Appl. Spectrosc. 1990, 44, 1270.
15. Liu, Y.-C.; McCreery, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1997, 69, 2091.
16. Rice, R. J.; Pontikos, N.; McCreery, R. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 4617.
17. Kagan, M. R.; McCreery, R. L. Langmuir 1995, 11, 4041.
18. Fryling, M. A.; Zhao, J.; McCreery, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 967.
19. Alsmeyer, Y. W.; McCreery, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 1289.
20. Bowling, R.; Packard, R.; McCreery, R. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 1217.
21. Tuinstra, F.; Koenig, J. L. J. Chem. Phys. 1970, 53, 1126.
22. Nemanich, R. J.; Lucovsky, G.; Solin, S. A. Mater. Sci. Eng. 1977, 31, 157.
23. Vidano, R. P.; Fischbach, D. B.; Willis, L. J.; Loehr, T. M. Solid State Commun. 1981, 39, 341.
24. Nakamizo, M.; Tamai, K. Carbon 1984, 22, 197.
25. Lespade, P.; Al-Jishi, R.; Dresselhaus, M. S. Carbon 1982, 20, 427.
26. Katagiri, G.; Ishida, H.; Ishitani, A. Carbon 1988, 26, 565.
27. Wang, Y.; Alsmeyer, D. C.; McCreery, R. L. Chem. Mater. 1990, 2, 557.
28. McDermott, M. T.; Kneten, K.; McCreery, R. L. J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 3124.
29. Cline, K. K.; McDermott, M. T.; McCreery, R. L. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 5314.
30. McDermott M. T.; McCreery, R. L. Langmuir 1994, 10, 4307.
31. Kazee, B.; Kuwana, T. Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 2736.
32. Poon, M.; McCreery, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1986, 58, 2745.
33. Kagan, M. R.; McCreery, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 4159.
34. Kagan, M. R. Ph.D. Thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 1996.
35. Allongue, P.; Delamar, M.; Desbat, B.; Fagebaume, O.; Hitmi, R.; Pinson, J.; Saveant, J.-M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 201.
36. Delamar, M.; Hitmi, R.; Pinson, J.; Saveant, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 5883.
37. Liu, Y.-C.; McCreery, R. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 67, 3115.
38. Morcos, I.; Yeager, E. Electrochim. Acta 1972, 15, 257.
39. Gerischer, H.; McIntyre, R.; Scherson, D.; Storck, W. J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 1930.
40. Gerischer, H.; Heller, A. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 5261.
41. Chen, P.; McCreery, R. L. Anal. Chem. 1996, 68, 3958.