The supermassive black hole at the galactic center

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 309-352

  Melia, Fulvio ^a   Falcke, Heino ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR RADIOASTRONOMIE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Accretion; Black hole physics; Gas dynamics; Jets; Magnetohydrodynamics; Radio polarization; Radio synchrotron; Stellar kinematics

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000293252     PISSN: 00664146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.astro.39.1.309     Document Type: Article

References (227)

1. Agol E. 2000. Ap. J. 538:L121
2. Aitken DK, Greaves J, Chrysostomou A, Jenness T, Holland W, et al. 2000. Ap. J. 534:L173
3. Aitken DK, Smith CH, Gezari D, McCaughrean M, Roche PF. 1991. Ap. J. 380: 419
4. Aitken DK, Smith CH, Moore TJT, Roche PF. 1998. MNRAS 299:743
5. Alexander T. 1999. Ap. J. 527:835
6. Alexander T, Loeb A. Ap. J. 551:223
7. Alexander T, Sternberg A. 1999. Ap. J. 520:137
8. Antonucci R. 1993. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 31:473
9. Appl S, Camenzind M. 1993. A&A 274:699
10. Backer DC. 1996. IAU Symp. 169: Unsolved Problems in the Milky Way ed. L. Blitz, P Teuben, p. 193. Dordrecht: Kluwer
11. Backer DC, Sramek RA. 1999. Ap. J. 524:805
12. Backer DC, Zensus JA, Kellermann KI, Reid M, Moran JM, Lo KY. 1993. Science 262: 1414
13. Baganoff F, Angelini L, Bautz M, Brandt N, Cui W, et al. 1999. Am. Astron. Soc. Meet. 195:6201
14. Baganoff F, Maeda Y, Morris M, et al. 2001. Ap. J. In press
15. Balick B, Brown RL. 1974. Ap. J. 194:265
16. Bally J, Yusef-Zadeh F. 1989. Ap. J. 336:173
17. Bardeen JM. 1973. In Black Holes, ed. C DeWitt, BS DeWitt, pp. 215. New York: Gordon Breach
18. Beckert T, Duschl WJ. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. 328:95
19. Beckert T, Duschl WJ. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 138. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
20. Becklin EE, Gatley I, Werner MW. 1982. Ap. J. 258:135
21. Bietenholz MF, Bartel N, Rupen MP. 2000. Ap. J. 532:895
22. Blandford RD, Begelman MC. 1999. MNRAS 303:L1
23. Blandford RD, Königl A. 1979. Ap. J. 232:34
24. Bondi H, Hoyle F. 1944. MNRAS 104:273
25. Bower GC. 2000. Galactic Ctr. Newsltr. 11:4
26. Bower GC, Backer DC. 1998. Ap. J. 496: L97
27. Bower GC, Backer DC, Zhao JH, Goss M, Falcke H. 1999a. Ap. J. 521:582
28. Bower GC, Falcke H, Backer DC. 1999. Ap. J. 523:L29
29. Bower GC, Falcke H, Backer DC, Wright M. 1999b. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 80. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
30. Bower GC, Wright MCH, Backer DC, Falcke H. 1999c. Ap. J. 527:851
31. Bromley B, Melia F, Liu S. 2001. Ap. J. In press
32. Brown RL. 1982. Ap. J. 262:110
33. Brown RL, Johnston KJ, Lo KY. 1981. Ap. J. 250:155
34. Brown RL, Lo KY. 1982. Ap. J. 253:108
35. Brunthaler A, Bower GC, Falcke H, Melon RR. 2001. Ap. J. In press
36. Burbidge G, Hoyle F. 1996. In ASP Conf. Ser. 102: The Galactic Center, ed. R Gredd, p. 480, San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
37. Cash W, Shipley A, Osterman S, Jay M. 2000. Nature 407:160
38. Chan K, Moseley SH, Casey S, Harrington JP, Dwek E, et al. 1997. Ap. J. 483:798
39. Chandran BDG, Cowley SC, Morris M. 2000. Ap. J. 528:723
40. Coker RF, Melia F. 1997. Ap. J. 488:L149
41. Coker RF, Melia F. 2000. Ap. J. 534:723
42. Cotera A, Morris M, Ghez AM, Becklin EE, Tanner AM, et al. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 240. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
43. Davidson JA, Werner MW, Wu X, Lester DF, Harvey PM, et al. 1992. Ap. J. 387:189
44. Davies RD, Walsh D, Booth RS. 1976. MNRAS 177:319
45. de Vries A. 2000. Class. Quantum Grav. 17:123
46. Di Matteo T, Fabian AC, Rees MJ, Carilli CL, Ivison RJ. 1999. MNRAS 305:492
47. Doeleman S, Rogers AEE, Backer DC, Wright M, Bower GC. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 98. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
48. Doeleman S, Shen Z-Q, Rogers AEE, Bowen GC, Wright ACH, et al. 2001. Ap. J. In press
49. Doeleman S, Bower GC, Falcke H, Melon RR. 2001. Ap. J. In press
50. Duschl WJ. 1989. MNRAS 240:219
51. Duschl WJ, Jauch R. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 169. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
52. Duschl WJ, Lesch H. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 286:431
53. Eckart A, Genzel R. 1996. Nature 383:415
54. Eckart A, Genzel R. 1997. MNRAS 284:576
55. Eckart A, Genzel R, Hofmann R, Sams BJ, Tacconi-Garman LE. 1993. Ap. J. 407:L77
56. Eckart A, Genzel R, Hofmann R, Sams BJ, Tacconi-Garman LE. 1995. Ap. J. 445:L23
57. Eckart A, Genzel R, Krabbe A, Hofmann R, van Der Werf PP, Drapatz S. 1992. Nature 355:526
58. Ekers RD, Goss WM, Schwarz UJ, Downes D, Rogstad DH. 1975. Astron. Astrophys. 43:159
59. Ekers RD, van Gorkom JH, Schwarz UJ, Goss WM. 1983. Astron. Astrophys. 122:143
60. Falcke H. 1996a. Ap. J. 464:L67
61. Falcke H. 1996b. IAU Symp. 169: Unsolved Problems in the Milky Way, ed. L Blitz, P Teuben, p. 169. Dordrecht Kluwer
62. Falcke H. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 113. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
63. Falcke H, Biermann PL. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 293:665
64. Falcke H, Biermann PL. 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 342:49
65. Falcke H, Goss WM, Matsuo H, Teuben P, Zhao JH, Zylka R. 1998. Ap. J. 499:731
66. Falcke H, Mannheim K, Biermann PL. 1993. A&A 278:L1
67. Falcke H, Markoff S. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 362:113
68. Falcke H, Melia F. 1997. Ap. J. 479:740
69. Falcke H, Melia F, Agol E. 2000a. Ap. J. 528:L13
70. Falcke H, Najar N, Wilson AS, Ulvestrad JS. 2000b. Ap. J. 542:197
71. Fatuzzo M, Melia F, Rafelski J. 2001. Ap. J. 549:293
72. Figer DF, Kim SS, Morris M, Serabyn E, Rich RM, McLean IS. 1999a. Ap. J. 525:750
73. Figer DF, Morris M, Geballe TR, Rich RM, Serabyn E, et al. 1999b. Ap. J. 525:759
74. Fromerth M, Melia F. 2001. Ap. J. 549:205
75. Genzel R, Eckart A. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 3. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
76. Genzel R, Eckart A, Ott T, Eisenhauer F. 1997. MNRAS 291:219
77. Genzel R, Thatte N, Krabbe A, Kroker H, Tacconi-Garman LE. 1996. Ap. J. 472:153
78. Genzel R, Townes CH. 1987. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 25:377
79. Gezari D. 1996. In ASP Conf. Ser. 102: The Glactic Center, ed. R Gredel, p. 491. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
80. JGhez AM, Klein BL, Morris M, Becklin EE. 1998. Ap. J. 509:678
81. JGhez AM, Morris M, Becklin EE. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 18. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
82. Ghez AM, Morris M, Becklin EE, Tanner A, Kremenek T. 2000. Nature 407:349
83. Goldwurm A, Cordier B, Paul J, Ballet J, Bouchet L, et al. 1994. Nature 371:589
84. Gray AD, Cram LE, Ekers RD, Goss WM. 1991. Nature 353:237
85. Gwinn CR, Danen RM, Tran TK, Middleditch J, Ozernoy LM. 1991. Ap. J. 381:L43
86. Haller JW, Melia F. 1996a. Ap. J. 464:774
87. Haller JW, Rieke MJ, Rieke GH, Tamblyn P, Close L, Melia F. 1996b. Ap. J. 456:194
88. Hayashida N, Nagano M, Nishikawa D, Ohoka H, Sakaki N, et al. 1999. Astropart. Phys. 10:303
89. Herbst TM, Beckwith SVW, Forrest WJ, Pipher JL. 1993. Ap. J. 105:956
90. Ho LC, Filippenko AV, Sargent WLW. 1997. Ap. J. 112:315
91. Hughes PA, Aller HD, Aller MF. 1985. Ap. J. 298:301
92. Hujeirat A. 1999. In Abstr. Contrib. Talks, Posters, Annu. Sci. Meet. Astron. Ges., Goettingen, 20-25 Sept., AG Abst. Serv., 15:10
93. Igumenshchev IV, Chen X, Abramowicz MA. 1996. MNRAS. 278:236
94. Igumenshchev IV, Abramowicz MA, Narayan R. 2000. Ap. J. 537:L27
95. Ipser JR, Price RH. 1982. Ap. J. 255:654
96. Jackson JM, Geis N, Genzel R, Harris AI, Madden S, et al. 1993. Ap. J. 402:173
97. Kassim NE, Larosa TN, Lazio TJW, Hyman SD. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 403. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
98. Kellermann KI, Pauliny-Toth IIK. 1969. Ap. J. 155:L71
99. Khokhlov A, Melia F. 1996. Ap. J. 457:L61
100. Killeen NEB, Lo KY, Crutcher R. 1992. Ap. J. 385:585
101. Kino M, Kaburaki O, Yamazaki N. 2000. Ap. J. 536:788
102. Koide S, Meier DL, Shibata K, Kudoh T. 2000. Ap. J. 536:668
103. Kowalenko V, Melia F. 1999. MNRAS 310:1053
104. Koyama K, Maeda Y, Sonobe T, Takeshima T, Tanaka Y, Yamauchi S. 1996. PASJ 48: 249
105. Krabbe A, Genzel R, Eckart A, Najarro F, Lutz D, et al. 1995. Ap. J. 447:L95
106. Krichbaum TP, Graham DA, Witzel A, Greve A, Wink JE, et al. 1998. Astron. Astrophys. 335:L106
107. Krichbaum TP, Witzel A, Zensus JA. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 89. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
108. Krichbaum TP, Zensus JA, Witzel A, Mezger PG, Standke KJ, et al. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 274:L37
109. Kundt W. 1990. Astrophys. Space Sci. 172:109
110. Lacy JH, Townes CH, Geballe TR, Hollenbach DJ. 1980. Ap. J. 241:132
111. Lang CC, Morris M, Echevarria L. 1999. Ap. J. 526:727
112. La Rosa TN, Kassim NE, Lazio TJW, Hyman SD. 2000. Ap. J. 119:207
113. Latvakoski HM, Stacey GJ, Gull GE, Hayward TL. 1999. Ap. J. 511:761
114. Liszt HS. 1985. Ap. J. 293:L65
115. Lo KY, Backer DC, Kellermann KI, Reid M, Zhao JH, et al. 1993. Nature 362:38
116. Lo KY, Claussen MJ. 1983. Nature 306:647
117. Lo KY, Schilizzi RT, Cohen MH, Ross HN. 1975. Ap. J. 202:L63
118. Lo KY, Shen ZQ, Zhao JH, Ho P TP. 1998. Ap. J. 508:L61
119. Lynden-Bell D, Rees MJ. 1971. MNRAS 152: 461
120. Mahadevan R. 1999. MNRAS 304:501
121. Mahadevan R, Narayan R, Yi I. 1996. Ap. J.465:327
122. Manmoto T. 2000. Ap. J. 534:734
123. Manmoto T, Kato S, Nakamura KE, Narayan R. 2000. Ap. J. 529:127
124. Maoz E. 1998. Ap. J. 494:L181
125. Marcaide JM, Alberdi A, Lara L, Pérez-Torres MA, Diamond PJ. 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 343:801
126. Markoff S, Melia F, Sarcevic I. 1997. Ap. J. 489:L47
127. Markoff S, Melia F, Sarcevic I. 1999. Ap. J. 522:870
128. Marscher AP, Gear WK. 1985. Ap. J. 298: 114
129. Mathis JS. 1990. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 28:37
130. Mayer-Hasselwander HA, Bertsch DL, Dingus BL, Eckart A, Esposito JA, et al. 1998. Astron. Astrophys. 335:161
131. Melia F. 1992. Ap. J. 387:L25
132. Melia F. 1994. Ap. J. 426:577
133. Melia F, Bromley B, Liu S, Walker C. 2001. Ap. J. In press
134. Melia F, Coker R. 1999. Ap. J. 511:750
135. Melia F, Coker RF, Yusef-Zadeh F. 1996. Ap. J. 460:L33
136. Melia F, Jokipii JR, Narayanan A. 1992. Ap. J. 395:L87
137. Melia F, Liu S, Coker R. 2000. Ap. J. 545:L117
138. Melia F, Liu S, Coker M. 2001. Ap. J. In press
139. Menou K, Quatert E, Narayan R. 1999. In Recent Developments in Theoretical and Experimental General Relativity, ed. T Paris, R Ruffini, p. 13204. New York: World
140. Menten KM, Reid MJ, Eckart A, Genzel R. 1997. Ap. J. 475:L111
141. Mezger PG, Duschl WJ, Zylka R. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 7:289
142. Mezger PG, Zylka R, Salter CJ, Wink JE, Chini R, et al. 1989. Astron. Astrophys. 209:337
143. Morris M. 1994. In Normal Galactic Nuclei: Lessons from the Galactic Center, ed. R Genzel AI Harris, p. 185. Dordrecht: Kluwer
144. Morris M, Ghez AM, Becklin EE. 1999. Adv. Space Res. 23:959
145. Morris M, Serabyn E. 1996. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 34:645
146. Munyaneza F, Tsiklauri D, Viollier RD. 1999. Ap. J. 526:744
147. Najar NM, Falcke H, Wilson AS, Ho LC. 2000. Ap. J. 542:186
148. Najarro F, Hillier DJ, Kudritzki RP, Krabbe A, Genzel R, et al. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 285:573
149. Najarro F, Krabbe A, Genzel R, Lutz D, Kudritzki RP, Hillier DJ. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. 325:700
150. Narayan R, Mahadevan R, Grindlay JE, Popham RG, Gammie C. 1998. Ap. J. 492:554
151. Narayan R, Yi I. 1994. Ap. J. 428:L13
152. Narayan R, Yi I, Mahadevan R. 1995. Nature 374:623
153. Narayan R, Igumenshchev IV, Abramowicz MA. 2000. Ap. J. 539:798
154. Novak G. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 488. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
155. Novak G, Dotson JL, Dowell CD, Hildebrand RH, Renbarger T, Schleuning DA. 2000. Ap. J. 529:241
156. Osterbrock DE. 1989. In Astrophysics of Gaseous Nebulae and Active Galactic Nuclei, Mill Valley, CA: Univ. Sci. Books
157. Pedlar A, Anantharamaiah KR, Ekers RD, Goss WM, van Gorkom JH, et al. 1989. Ap. J. 342:769
158. Peterson BM. 1997. An Introduction to Active Galactic Nuclei, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
159. Petschek HE. 1998. Astrophys. Space Sci. 264:9
160. Plante RL, Lo KY, Crutcher RM. 1995. Ap. J. 445:L113
161. Predehl P, Trümper J. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 290:L29
162. Predehl P, Zinnecker H. 1996. In ASP Conf. Ser. 102: The Galactic Center, ed. R Gredel, p. 415. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
163. Quataert E, Gruzinov A. 2000a. Ap. J. 539:809
164. Quataert E, Gruzinov A. 2000b. Ap. J. 545:842
165. Quataert E, Narayan R, Reid MJ. 1999. Ap. J. 517:101
166. Rantakyro FT, Baath LB, Backer DC, Booth RS, Carlstrom JE, et al. 1998. Astron. Astrophys. 131:451
167. Readhead ACS. 1994. Ap. J. 426:51
168. Rees MJ. 1982. AIP Conf. Proc. 83: The Galactic Center ed. GR Riegler, RD Blandford, p. 166. New York: AIP
169. Reich W, Sofue Y, Matsuo H. 2000. PASJ 52:355
170. Reid MJ. 1993. ARA&A 31:345
171. Reid MJ, Readhead ACS, Vermeulen RC, Treuhaft RN. 1999. Ap. J. 524:816
172. Reynolds SP, McKee CF. 1980. Ap. J. 239:893
173. Rieke GH, Lebofsky MJ. 1982. AIP Conf. Proc. 83: The Galactic Center ed. GR Riegler, RD Blandford, p. 194. New York: AIP
174. Rieke GH, Lebofsky MJ. 1985. Ap. J. 288:618
175. Rieke GH, Rieke MJ. 1988. Ap. J. 330:L33
176. Roberts DA. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 483. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
177. Roberts DA, Yusef-Zadeh F, Goss WM. 1996. Ap. J. 459:627
178. Rogers AEE, Doeleman S, Wright MCH, Bower GC, Backer DC, et al. 1994. Ap. J. 434:L59
179. Romani RW, Narayan R, Blandford R. 1986. MNRAS 220:19
180. Rosa MR, Zinnecker H, Moneti A, Melnick J. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 257:515
181. Salim S, Gould A. 1999. Ap. J. 523:633
182. Sanders RH. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 25. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
183. Sault RJ, Macquart JP. 1999. Ap. J. 526:L85
184. Sellgren K, McGinn MT, Becklin EE, Hall DN. 1990. Ap. J. 359:112
185. Serabyn E, Carlstrom J, Lay O, Lis DC, Hunter TR, Lacy JH. 1997. Ap. J. 490:L77
186. Serabyn E, Lacy JH. 1985. Ap. J. 293:445
187. Serabyn E, Lacy JH, Townes CH, Bharat R. 1988. Ap. J. 326:171
188. Serabyn E, Morris M. 1994. Ap. J. 424:L91
189. Shapiro SL. 1973. Ap. J. 180:531
190. Shields JC, Ferland GJ. 1994. Ap. J. 430:236
191. Sidoli L, Mereghetti S. 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 349:L49
192. Sofue Y, Lang CC. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 519. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
193. Stolovy SR, Hayward TL, Herter T. 1996. Ap. J. 470:L45
194. Stolovy SR, McCarthy DW, Melia F, Rieke G, Rieke MJ, Yusef-Zadeh F. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 39. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
195. Tamblyn P, Rieke GH. 1993. Ap. J. 414:573
196. Tanner AM, Ghez AM, Morris M, Becklin EE. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 351. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
197. Telesco CM, Davidson JA, Werner MW. 1996, Ap. J. 456:541
198. Torres DF, Capozziello S, Lambiase G. 2000. Phys. Rev. D 62:104012
199. Townes CH. 1996. IAU Symp. 169:149
200. Tsiklauri D, Viollier RD. 1998. Ap. J. 500:591
201. Tsuboi M, Miyazaki A, Tsutsumi T. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 105. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
202. Turolla R, Dullemond CP. 2000. Ap. J. 531:L49
203. van Hoven G, Hendrix DL, Schnack DD. 1995. J. Geophys. Res. 100:19819
204. van Langevelde HJ, Frail DA, Cordes JM, Diamond PJ. 1992. Ap. J. 396:686
205. von Linden S, Biermann PL, Duschl WJ, Lesch H, Schmutzler T. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 280:468
206. Weiler KW, de Pater I. 1983. Apjs 52:293
207. Wilson AS. 2000. In Darwin and Astronomy: The Infrared Space Interferometer, ed., p. 91. City, Country: Eur. Space Agency
208. Wright MCH, Backer DC. 1993. Ap. J. 417:560
209. Wrobel JM, Heeschen DS. 1984. Ap. J. 287:41
210. Yuan F. 2000. MNRAS. 319:1178
211. Yuan F, Peng Q, Lu J, Wang J. 2000. Ap. J. 537:236
212. Yusef-Zadeh F, Cotton W, Wardle M, Melia F, Roberts DA. 1994. Ap. J. 434:L63
213. Yusef-Zadeh F, Melia F, Wardle M. 2000. Science 287:85
214. Yusef-Zadeh F, Morris M. 1987. Ap. J. 320: 545
215. Yusef-Zadeh F, Morris M, Chance D. 1984. Nature 310:557
216. Yusef-Zadeh F, Roberts DA, Biretta J. 1998. Ap. J. 499:L159
217. Yusef-Zadeh F, Stolovy SR, Burton M, Wardle M, Melia F, et al. 1999. In ASF Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 197. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
218. Yusef-Zadeh F, Wardle M. 1993. Ap. J. 405: 584
219. Zensus JA. 1997. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 35:607
220. Zhao J, Ekers RD, Goss WM, Lo KY, Narayan R. 1989. IAU Symp. 136: The Center of the Galaxy, ed. M Morris, p. 535. Dordrecht: Kluwer
221. Zhao J, Goss WM. 1998. Ap. J. 499:L163
222. Zhao J-H, Bower GC, Goss WM. 2001. Ap. J. 547:L29
223. Zhao JH, Goss WM. 1999. In ASP Conf. Ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 224. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
224. Zhao JH, Goss WM, Lo KY, Ekers RD. 1992. In ASP Conf. Ser 31 : Relationships Between Active Galactic Nuclei and Starburst Galaxies, ed., p. 295 (ASP: San Francisco)
225. Zylka R. Güsten R, Philipp S, Ungerechts H, Mezger PG, Duchl WJ. 1999. In ASP Conf. ser. 186: The Central Parsecs of the Galaxy, ed. H Falcke, A Cotera, WJ Duschl, F Melia, MJ Rieke, p. 415. San Francisco: Astron. Soc. Pac.
226. Zylka R, Mezger PG, Lesch H. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 261:119
227. Zylka R, Mezger PG, Ward-Thompson D, Duschl WJ, Lesch H. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 297:83