Stomatal closure in oxygen-stressed plants

Soil Science

Volumn 154, Issue 4, 1992, Pages 269-280

  Sojka, R E ^a  

^a U S DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000248698     PISSN: 0038075X     EISSN: 15389243     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00010694-199210000-00003     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. Abbott, J. D., and R. E. Gough. 1987. Growth and survival of the highbush blueberry in response to root zone flooding. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 112:603–608.
2. Agnew, M. L., and R. N. Carrow. 1985a. Soil compaction and Moisture stress preconditioning in Kentucky bluegrass. I. Soil aeration, water use, and root responses. Agron. J. 77: 872–878.
3. Agnew, M. L., and R. N. Carrow. 1985b. Soil compaction and Moisture stress preconditioning in Kentucky Bluegrass. II. Stomatal resistance, leaf water potential, and canopy temperature. Agron. J. 77:878–884.
4. Aharoni, N. 1978. Relationship between leaf water status and endogenous ethylene in detatched leaves. Plant Physiol. 61:658–662.
5. Andersen, P. C., P. B. Lombard and M. N. West-wood. 1984a. Effect of root anaerobiosis on the water relations of several Pyrus species. Physiol. Plant. 62:245–252.
6. Andersen, P. C., P. B. Lombard, and M. N. Westwood. 1984b. Leaf conductance, growth, and survival of willow and deciduous fruit tree species under flooded soil conditions. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 109:132–138.
7. Andersen, P. C., J. M. Montano, and P. B. Lomard. 1985. Root anaerobiosis, root respiration, and leaf conductance of peach, willow, quince, and several pear species. HortScience. 20: 248–250.
8. Arthur, J. J., I. A. Leone, and F. B. Flower. 1981. Flooding and landfill gas effects on red and sugar maples. J. Environ. Qual. 10:431–433.
9. Asady, G. H., and A. J. M. Smucker. 1989. Compaction and root modifications of soil aeration. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:251–254.
10. Basiouny, F. M. 1977. Response of peach seedlings to water stress and saturation conditions. Proc. Fl. State Hortic. Soc. 90:261–263.
11. Birkle, D. E., J. Letey, L. H. Stolzy, and T. E. Szuszkiewicz. 1962. Measurement of oxygen diffusion rates with the platinum microelectrode: II. Factors influencing the measurement. Hilgardia. 35:555–566.
12. Blake, T. J., and D. M. Reid. 1981. Ethylene, water relations and tolerance to waterlogging of three Eucalyptus species. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 8:497–505.
13. Boussignault, J., and A. Lewy. 1853. The composition of air in the cultivated soil. Ann. Chim. Phys. Serie 3, 37, 5.
14. Box, J. L. 1986. Winter wheat grain yield responses to soil oxygen diffusion rates. Crop Sci. 26:355–361.
15. Bradford, K. J. 1982. Regulation of shoot responses to root stress by ethylene, abscisic acid, and cytokinin. In Plant growth substances. P. F. Warring (ed.). Academic Press, London, pp. 599–608.
16. Bradford, K. J. 1983a. Effects of soil flooding on leaf gas exchange fo tomato plants. Plant Physiol. 73:475–479.
17. Bradford, K. J. 1983b. Involvement of plant growth substances in the alteration of leaf gas exchange of flooded tomato plants. Plant Physiol. 73:480–483.
18. Bradford, K. J., and T. C. Hsiao. 1982. Stomatal behavior and water relations of waterlogged tomato plants. Plant Physiol. 70:1508–1513.
19. Bradford, K. J., T. C. Hsiao, and S. F. Yang. 1982. Inhibition of ethylene synthesis in tomato plants subjected to anaerobic root stress. Plant Physiol. 70:1503–1507.
20. Bradford, K. J., and S. F. Yang. 1981. Physiological responses of plants to waterlogging. HortScience. 16:25–30.
21. Childers, N. E. and D. G. White. 1942. Influence of submersion of the roots on transpiration, apparent photosynthesis, and respiration of young apple trees. Plant Physiol. 17:603–618.
22. Clements, F. E. 1921. Aeration and air content. The role of oxygen in root activity. Carnegie Inst., Washington. Publication 315.
23. Coutts, M. P. 1981. Effects of waterlogging on water relations of actively-growing and dormant sitka spruce seedlings. Ann. Bot. 47: 747–753.
24. Davies, F. S., and J. A. Flore. 1986a. Flooding, gas exchange and hydraulic root conductivity of highbush blueberry. Physiol. Plant. 67: 545–551.
25. Davies, F. S., and J. A. Flore. 1986b. Short-term flooding effects on gas exchange and quantum yield of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade). Plant Physiol. 81:289–292.
26. Davies, W. J., J. C. Metcalf, U. Schurr, G. Taylor, and J. Zhang. 1987. Hormones as chemical signals involved in root to shoot communication of effects of changes in the soil environment. In Hormone action in plant development, a critical appraisal. G. V. Hoad, J. R. Lenton, M. B. Jackson, and R. K. Atkin (eds.). Butterworth and Co., Ltd., London, pp. 201–216.
27. Davies, W. J., and J. Zhang. 1991. Root signals and the regulation of growth and development of plants in drying soil. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 42:55–76.
28. Donovan, L. A., N. J. Stumpff, and K. W. Mc-Leod. 1989. Thermal flooding injury of woody swamp seedlings. J. Therm. Biol. 14:147–154.
29. Drew, M. C. 1988. Effects of flooding and oxygen deficiency on plant mineral nutrition. In Advances in Plant Nutrition, Vol. III. B. Tinker and A. Lauchli (eds.). Praeger Publishers, New York, pp. 115–159.
30. Dugger, W. M., and I. P. Ting. 1970. Air pollution oxidants—Their effects on metabolic processes in plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 21: 215–234.
31. Everard, J. D., and M. C. Drew. 1989. Water relations of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) shoots during exposure of the root system to oxygen deficiency. J. Exp. Bot. 40:1255–1264.
32. Graham, R. D., and Ulrich, A. 1972. Potassium deficiency-induced changes in stomatal behavior, leaf water potentials, and root system permeability in Beta vulgaris L. Plant Physiol. 49:105–109.
33. Grossnickle, S. C. 1987. Influence of flooding and soil temperature on the water relations and morphological development of cold-stored black spruce and white spruce seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 17:821–828.
34. Guy, R. D., and R. L. Wample. 1984. Stable carbon isotope ratios of flooded and non-flooded sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). Can. J. Bot. 62:1770–1774.
35. Harrington, C. A. 1987. Responses of red alder and black cottonwood seedlings to flooding. Physiol. Plant. 69:35–38.
36. Hiron, R. W. P., and S. T. C. Wright. 1973. The role of endogenous abscisic acid in the response of plants to stress. J. Exp. Bot. 24: 769–781.
37. Hocking, P. J., D. C. Reicosky, and W. S. Meyer 1985. Nitrogen status of cotton subjected to two short term periods of water-logging of varying severity using a sloping plot water-table facility. Plant Soil. 87:375–391.
38. Holder, C. B., and J. W. Cary. 1984. Soil oxygen and moisture in relation to russet Burbank potato yield and quality. Am. Potato J. 61:67–75.
39. Idso, S. B., S. G. Allen, B. A. Kimball, and B. J. Choudhury. 1988. Problems with porometry: Measuring stomatal conductances of potentially transpiring plants. Agric. For. Meteorol. 43:49–58.
40. Idso, S. B., S. G. Allen, B. A. Kimball, and B. J. Choudhury. 1989. Problems with porometry: Measuring net photosynthesis by leaf chamber techniques. Agron. J. 81:475–479.
41. Jackson, M. B., and K. C. Hall. 1987. Early stomatal closure in waterlogged pea plants is mediated by abscisic acid in the absence of foliar water deficits. Plant Cell Environ. 10: 121–130.
42. Jackson, M. B., and A. K. B. Kowalewska. 1983. Positive and negative messages from roots induce foliar desiccation and stomatal closure in flooded pea plants. J. Exp. Bot. 34:493–506.
43. Jackson, M. B., S. F. Young, and K. C. Hall. 1988. Are roots a source of abscisic acid for the shoots of flooded pea plants? J. Exp. Bot. 39: 1631–1637.
44. Javier, R. R. 1985. Effects of adventitious root removal on the growth of flooded tropical pasture legumes Macroptilium lathyroides and Vigna luteola. Ann. Trop. Res. 7:12–20.
45. Jones, R. J., and T. A. Mansfield. 1972. Effects of Abscisic acid and its esters on stomatal aperture and the transpiration ratio. Physiol. Plant. 26:321–327.
46. Karlen, D. L., R. E. Sojka, and M. L. Robbins. 1983. Influence of excess soil-water and N rates on leaf diffusive resistance and storage quality of tomato fruit. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 14:699–708.
47. Konings, H., and A. de Wolf. 1984. Promotion and inhibition by plant growth regulators of aerenchyma formation in seedling roots of Zea mays. Physiol. Plant. 60:309–314.
48. Kozlowski, T. T. 1984. Extent, causes, and impacts of flooding. In Flooding and Plant Growth. T. T. Kozlowski (ed.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 1–6.
49. Kozkowski, T. T., and S. G. Pallardy. 1979. Stomatal responses of Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings during and after flooding. Physiol. Plant. 46:155–158.
50. Kramer, P. J., and W. T. Jackson. 1954. Causes of injury to flooded tobacco plants. Plant. Physiol. 29:241–245.
51. Kriedmann, P. E., R. Sands, and R. Foster. 1983. Salt tolerance and root-zone aeration in Helianthus annuus (L.)—Growth and stomatal response to solute uptake. In Effects of stress on photosynthesis. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr. W. Junk Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands, pp. 313–324.
52. Kriedmann, P. E., and R. Sands. 1984. Salt re sistance and adaptation to root-zone hypoxia in sunflower. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 11: 287–301.
53. Lopez, M. V., and D. A. del Rosario. 1983. Performance of tomatoes (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) Karsten) under waterlogged condition. Philipp. J. Crop Sci. 8:75–80.
54. Luxmoore, R. J., and L. H. Stolzy. 1972. Oxygen diffusion in the soil-plant system V. Oxygen concentration and temperature effects on oxygen relations predicted for maize roots. Agron. J. 64:720–725.
55. MacRobbie, E. A. C. 1981. Effects of ABA in isolated guard cells of Commelina communis L. J. Exp. Bot. 32:563–572.
56. Mansfield, T. A., and R. J. Jones. 1971. Effects of abscisic acid on potassium uptake and starch content of stomatal guard cells. Planta. 101:147–158.
57. Markhart, A. H. Ill, E. L. Fiscus, A. W. Naylor, and P. J. Kramer. 1979. Effect of abscisic acid on root hydraulic conductivity. Plant Physiol. 64:611–614.
58. Meek, B. D., E. C. Owen-Bartlett, L. H. Stolzy, and C. K. Labanauskas. 1980. Cotton yield and nutrient uptake in relation to water table depth. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 44:301–305.
59. Moldau, H. 1973. Effects of various water regimes on stomatal and mesophyll conductances of bean leaves. Photosynthetica 7:1–7.
60. Monteith, J. L. 1990. Porometry and baseline analysis: The case for compatibility. Agric. For. Meteorol. 49:155–157.
61. Munns, R., and R. W. King. 1988. Abscisic acid is not the only stomatal inhibitor in the transpiration stream of wheat plants. Plant Physiol. 88:703–708.
62. Musgrave, M. E., A. G. Hopkins, Jr., and C. J. Daugherty. 1991. Oxygen insensitivity of photosynthesis by waterlogged Apios americana. Environ. Exp. Bot. 31:117–124.
63. Naidoo, G. 1983. Effects of flooding on leaf water potential and stomatal resistance in Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. New Phytol. 93: 369–376.
64. Naidoo, G. 1985. Effects of waterlogging and salinity on plant-water relations and on the accumulation of solutes in three mangrove species. Aquat. Bot. 22:133–143.
65. Neuman, D. S., S. B. Rood, and B. A. Smit. 1990. Does cytokinin transport from root-to-shoot in the xylem sap regulate leaf responses to root hypoxia? J. Exp. Bot. 41:1325–1333.
66. Neuman, D. S., and B. A. Smit. 1991. The influence of leaf water status and ABA on leaf growth and stomata of Phaseolus seedlings with hypoxic roots. J. Exp. Bot. 42: 1499–1506.
67. Newsome, R. D., T. T. Kozlowski, and Z. C. Tang. 1982. Responses of Ulmus americana seedlings to flooding of soil. Can. J. Bot. 60: 1688–1695.
68. 2 stress interaction in Betula papyrifera and B. nigra seedlings. For. Sci. 29:739–750.
69. Olien, W. C. 1989. Seasonal soil waterlogging influences water relations and leaf nutrient content of bearing apple trees. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 114:537–542.
70. Oosterhuis, D. M., H. D. Scott, R. E. Hampton, and S. D. Wullschleger. 1990a. Physiological responses of two soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) cultivars to short-term flooding. Environ. Exp. Bot. 30:85–92.
71. Oosterhuis, D. M., H. D. Scott, S. D. Wullscleger, and R. E. Hampton. 1990b. Photosynthetic and yield responses of two soybean cultivars to flooding. Ark. Farm Res. 39:11.
72. Orchard, P. W., R. S. Jessop, and H. B. So. 1986. The response of sorghum and sunflower to short-term waterlogging. Plant Soil. 91:87–100.
73. Osonubi, O., F. E. Fasehun, and I. O. Fasidi. 1985. The influence of soil drought and partial waterlogging on water relations on Gmelina arborea seedlings. Oecologia. 66:126–131.
74. Osonubi, O., and M. A. Osundina. 1987. Stomatal responses of woody seedlings to flooding in relation to nutrient status in leaves. J. Exp. Bot. 38:1166–1173.
75. Osundina, M. A., and O. Osonubi. 1989. Adventitious roots, leaf abscission and nutrient status of flooded Gmelina and Tectona seedlings. Tree Physiol. 5:473–483.
76. Owen-Bartlett, E. J. 1977. The effect of different oxygen and salinity levels in the rooting media on the growth of cotton (Gossypium barbadense and g. hirsutum L.). Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at Riverside. University Microfilms #77-27134, Ann Arbor, MI.
77. Pallas, J. E. Jr., and S. J. Kays. 1982. Inhibition of photosynthesis by ethylene—A stomatal effect. Plant Physiol. 70:598–601.
78. Peaslee, D. E., and D. N. Moss. 1966. Stomatal conductivities in K-deficient leaves of maize (Zea mays L.). Crop Sci. 8:427–430.
79. Pereira, J. S., and T. T. Kozlowski. 1977. Variations among woody angiosperms in response to flooding. Physiol. Plant. 41:184–192.
80. Pezeshki, S. R., and J. L. Chambers. 1985a. Response of cherrybark oak seedlings to short-term flooding. For. Sci. 31:760–771.
81. Pezeskhi, S. R., and J. L. Chambers. 1985b. Stomatal and photosynthetic response of sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) to flooding. Can. J. For. Res. 15:371–375.
82. Pezeshki, S. R., R. D. DeLaune, and W. H. Patrick, Jr. 1989. Effect of fluctuating rhizosphere redox potential on carbon assimilation of Spartina alterniflora. Oecologia. 80:132–135.
83. Pezeshki, S. R., R. D. DeLaune, and W. H. Patrick, Jr. 1990. Differential response of selected mangroves to soil flooding and salinity: Gas exchange and biomass partitioning. Can. J. For. Res. 20:869–874.
84. Pezeshki, S. R., and F. J. Sundstrom. 1988. Effect of soil anaerobiosis on photosynthesis of Capsicum annuum L. Sci. Hortic. 35:27–35.
85. Phung, H. T., and E. B. Knipling. 1976. Photosynthesis and transpiration of citrus seedlings under flooded conditions. HortScience 11:131–133.
86. Poysa, V. W., C. S. Tan, and J. A. Stone. 1987. Flooding stress and the root development of several tomato genotypes. HortScience. 22: 24–26.
87. Radin, J. W. 1981. Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency. IV. Leaf senescence during drought and its relation to stomatal closure. Physiol. Plant. 51:145–149.
88. Radin, J. W., and R. C. Ackerson. 1981. Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency. III. Stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and abscisic acid accumulation during drought. Plant Physiol. 67:115–119.
89. Radin, J. W., and L. L. Parker. 1979. Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency. II. Environmental interactions of stomata. Plant Physiol. 64:499–501.
90. Radin, J. W., L. L. Parker, and G. Guinn. 1982. Water relations of cotton plants under nitrogen deficiency. V. Environmental control of abscisic acid accumulation and stomatal sensitivity to abscisic acid. Plant Physiol. 70: 1066–1070.
91. Regehr, D. L., F. A. Bazzaz, and W. R. Boggess. 1975. Photosynthesis, transpiration and leaf conductance of Populus deltoides in relation to flooding and drought. Photosynthetica. 9:52–61.
92. Reicosky, D. C., W. S. Meyer, N. L. Schaefer, and R. D. Sides 1985a. Cotton responses to short-term waterlogging imposed with a water-table gradient facility. Agric. Water Manage. 10:127–143.
93. Reicosky, D. C., R. C. G. Smith, and W. S. Meyer. 1985b. Foliage temperature as a means of detecting stress of cotton subjected to a short-term water-table gradient. Agric. For. Meteorol. 35:193–203.
94. Reyes-Manzanares, David. 1975. Effects of soil aeration and soil temperature on physiology and nutrition of tomato, sunflower, and jojoba. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Riverside. University Microfilms #77-21433, Ann Arbor, MI.
95. Savé, R., and L. Serrano. 1986. Some physiological and growth responses of kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis) to flooding. Physiol. Plant. 66: 75–78.
96. Schildwacht, P. M. 1989. Is a decreased water potential after withholding oxygen to roots the cause of the decline of leaf-elongation rates in Zea mays L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L.? Planta. 177:178–184.
97. Schumacher, T. E., and A. J. M. Smucker. 1987. Ion uptake and respiration of dry bean roots subjected to localized anoxia. Plant Soil. 99: 411–422.
98. Scott, H. D., J. DeAngulo, M. B. Daniels, and L. S. Wood. 1989. Flood duration effects on soybean growth and yield. Agron. J. 81:631–636.
99. Sena Gomes, A. R., and T. T. Kozlowski. 1980a. Growth responses and adaptations oiFraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings to flooding. Plant. Physiol. 66:267–271.
100. Sena Gomes, A. R., and T. T. Kozlowski. 1980b. Response of Melaleuca quinquenervia seedlings to flooding. Physiol. Plant. 49:373–377.
101. Sena Gomes, A. R., and T. T. Kozlowski. 1986. The effects of flooding on water relations and growth of Theobroma cacao var. Catongo seedlings. J. Hortic. Sci. 61:265–276.
102. Serrano, I., R. Savé, and O. Marfa. 1988. Effects of waterlogging on rooting-capacity of cuttings of Hydrangea macrophylla L. Sci. Hortic. 36: 119–124.
103. Shaybany, B., and G. C. Martin. 1977. Abscisic acid identification and its quantitation in leaves of Juglans seedlings during waterlogging. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 102:300–302.
104. Smit, B. A., D. S. Neuman, and M. L. Stachowiak. 1990. Root hypoxia reduces leaf growth—Role of factors in the transpiration stream. Plant Physiol. 92:1021–1028.
105. Smit, B., and M. Stachowiak. 1988. Effects of hypoxia and elevated carbon dioxide concentration on water flux through Populus roots. Tree Physiol. 4:153–165.
106. Smit, B., M. Stachowiak, and E. van Volkenburgh. 1989. Cellular processes limiting leaf growth in plants under hypoxic root stress. J. Exp. Bot. 40:89–94.
107. Smith, M. W., and P. L. Ager. 1988. Effects of soil flooding on leaf gas exchange of seedling pecan trees. HortScience. 23:370–372.
108. Smith, G. S., J. G. Buwalda, T. G. A. Green, and C. J. Clark. 1989. Effect of oxygen supply and temperature at the root on the physiology of kiwifruit vines. New Phytol. 113:431–437.
109. Smith, M. W., F. K. Wazir, and S. W. Akers. 1989. The influence of soil aeration on growth and elemental absorption of greenhouse-grown seedling pecan trees. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 20:335–344.
110. Sojka, R. E. 1985. Soil oxygen effects on two determinate soybean isolines. Soil Sci. 140:333–343.
111. Sojka, R. E., L. H. Stolzy, and M. R. Kaufmann. 1975. Wheat growth related to rhizosphere temperature and oxygen levels. Agron. J. 67:591–596.
112. Sojka, R. E., and L. H. Stolzy. 1980. Soil-oxygen effects on stomatal response. Soil Sci. 130:350–358.
113. Sojka, R. E., and L. H. Stolzy. 1981. Stomatal response to soil oxygen. Calif. Agric. 35:18–19.
114. Sojka, R. E., and L. H. Stolzy. 1988. Mineral nutrition of oxygen stressed crops and its relation to some physiological responses. In. Ecology and Management of Wetlands, Vol. I. Ecology of Wetlands. D. D. Hook (ed.). Croom Helm Ltd., Kent, UK, pp. 429–440.
115. Stepniewski, W. 1980. Oxygen diffusion and strength as related to soil compaction. I. ODR. Pol. J. Soil Sci. 13:3–13.
116. Stolzy, L. H., and R. E. Sojka. 1984. Effects of flooding on plant disease. In Flooding and Plant Growth. T. T. Kozlowski (ed.). Academic Press, New York, pp. 222–264.
117. Stolzy, L. H., O. C. Taylor, J. Letey, and T. E. Szuszkiewicz. 1961. Influence of soil-oxygen diffusion rates on susceptibility of tomato plants to airborne oxidants. Soil Sci. 91: 151–155.
118. Syvertsen, J. P., R. M. Zablotowicz, and M. L. Smith, Jr. 1983. Soil temperature and flooding effects on two species of citrus. I. Plant Growth and hydraulic conductivity. Plant Soil. 72: 3–12.
119. Tang, Z. C., and T. T. Kozlowski. 1982. Some physiological and morphological responses of Quercus macrocarpa seedlings to flooding. Can. J. For. Res. 12:196–202.
120. Tang, Z. C., and T. T. Kozlowski. 1984. Water relations, ethylene production, and morphological adaptation of Fraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings to flooding. Plant Soil. 77:183–192.
121. Thornton, R. K., and R. L. Wample. 1980. Changes in sunflower in response to water stress conditions. Plant Physiol. 65:(suppl.) 7.
122. Tsukahara, H., and T. T. Kozlowski. 1986. Effect of flooding and temperature regime on growth and stomatal resistance of Betula platyphylla var. japonica seedlings. Plant Soil. 92: 103–112.
123. Vu, J. C. V., and G. Yelenosky. 1991. Photosynthetic response of citrus trees to soil flooding. Physiol. Plant. 81:7–14.
124. Wadman-van-Schravendijk, H., and O. M. van Andel. 1985. Interdependence of growth, water relations and abscisic acid levels in Phaseolus vulgaris during waterlogging. Physiol. Plant. 63:215–220.
125. Wazir, F. K., M. W. Smith, and S. W. Akers. 1988. Effects of flooding and soil phosphorous levels on pecan seedlings. HortScience 23: 595–597.
126. Wenkert, W., N. R. Fausey, and H. D. Watters. 1981. Flooding responses in Zea mays L. Plant Soil. 62:351–366.
127. Whitney, J. B. 1942. Effects of the composition of the soil atmosphere on the absorption of water by plants. Ohio State Univ. Abs. Doctoral Dissertation. 38:97–103.
128. Wilson, G. V., B. R. Thiesse, and H. D. Scott. 1985. Relationships among oxygen flux, soil water tension, and aeration porosity in a drying soil profile. Soil Sci. 139:30–36.
129. leaf) and the levels of abscisic acid and ethylene in excised wheat leaves. Planta. 134:183–189.
130. Zeevaart, J. A., and R. A. Creelman. 1988. Metabolism and physiology of abscisic acid. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 39:439–473.
131. Zhang, J., and W. J. Davies. 1986. Chemical and hydraulic influences on the stomata of flooded plants. J. Exp. Bot. 37:1479–1491.
132. Zhang, J., and W. J. Davies. 1987. ABA in roots and leaves of flooded pea plants. J. Exp. Bot. 38:649–659.