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Some previous studies, such as Ref. 10, were conducted with the return defined as the difference in the price and not the difference in the logarithm of the price. However, for events that are not too large, the two quantities have the same statistics
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Some previous studies, such as Ref. 10, were conducted with the return defined as the difference in the price and not the difference in the logarithm of the price. However, for events that are not too large, the two quantities have the same statistics.
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Empirical studies on the distribution of returns often implicitly assume stationarity of returns. Nonstationarity in the time series of returns is an issue which has been investigated extensively (see Ref. 30 for a summary)
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Empirical studies on the distribution of returns often implicitly assume stationarity of returns. Nonstationarity in the time series of returns is an issue which has been investigated extensively (see Ref. 30 for a summary).
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The S&P 500 index is the sum of the market capitalizations (share price multiplied with the number of outstanding shares) of 500 companies representing the major industries. Note that these are not necessarily the largest, and that the composition of the index changes slowly in time
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The S&P 500 index is the sum of the market capitalizations (share price multiplied with the number of outstanding shares) of 500 companies representing the major industries. Note that these are not necessarily the largest, and that the composition of the index changes slowly in time.
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For foreign exchange markets the decay time is even smaller 33
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For foreign exchange markets the decay time is even smaller 33.
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The discreteness in the returns is due to the fact that stocks are priced in units of fractions of the U.S. dollar, usually 1/8, 1/16, or 1/32. The discreteness is not so evident in the S&P 500 index as it is the sum of 500 stocks, each with different weights
-
The discreteness in the returns is due to the fact that stocks are priced in units of fractions of the U.S. dollar, usually 1/8, 1/16, or 1/32. The discreteness is not so evident in the S&P 500 index as it is the sum of 500 stocks, each with different weights.
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80
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The length of a trading day is presently 390 min. Before 1984, it was 360 min. This difference has not been taken into account when converting from a daily scale to a 1-min scale
-
The length of a trading day is presently 390 min. Before 1984, it was 360 min. This difference has not been taken into account when converting from a daily scale to a 1-min scale.
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84
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