메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 361-372

Space requirement stipulations for caged non-human primates in the United States: A critical review

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Non human primates; Quality of cage space; Regulations

Indexed keywords


EID: 0000243066     PISSN: 09627286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (15)

References (106)
  • 2
    • 33750104566 scopus 로고
    • Towards better conditions for captive primates: Routines, requirements, and research
    • Alleva E and Laviola G (eds) Istisan Reports: Rome, Italy
    • Anderson J R and Visalberghi E 1990 Towards better conditions for captive primates: routines, requirements, and research. In: Alleva E and Laviola G (eds) Biomedical Experimentation and Laboratory Animals: Hot Behavioural Issues pp 1-11. Istisan Reports: Rome, Italy
    • (1990) Biomedical Experimentation and Laboratory Animals: Hot Behavioural Issues , pp. 1-11
    • Anderson, J.R.1    Visalberghi, E.2
  • 3
    • 0348159291 scopus 로고
    • Resolving issues of psychological well-being and management of laboratory nonhuman primates
    • Segal EF (ed) Noyes Publications: Park Ridge, USA
    • Bayne K A L 1989 Resolving issues of psychological well-being and management of laboratory nonhuman primates. In: Segal EF (ed) Housing, Care and Psychological Well-Being of Captive and Laboratory Primates pp 27-39. Noyes Publications: Park Ridge, USA
    • (1989) Housing, Care and Psychological Well-Being of Captive and Laboratory Primates , pp. 27-39
    • Bayne, K.A.L.1
  • 4
    • 0026506289 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the preference to and behavioral effects of an enriched environment on male rhesus monkeys
    • Bayne K A L, Hurst J K and Dexter S L 1992a Evaluation of the preference to and behavioral effects of an enriched environment on male rhesus monkeys. Laboratory Animal Science 42: 38-45
    • (1992) Laboratory Animal Science , vol.42 , pp. 38-45
    • Bayne, K.A.L.1    Hurst, J.K.2    Dexter, S.L.3
  • 5
    • 0002402350 scopus 로고
    • The effect of cage size on the behavior of individually housed rhesus monkeys
    • Bayne K A L and McCully C 1989 The effect of cage size on the behavior of individually housed rhesus monkeys. Lab Animal 18 (1): 25-28
    • (1989) Lab Animal , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-28
    • Bayne, K.A.L.1    McCully, C.2
  • 6
    • 0001852243 scopus 로고
    • The use of artificial turf as a foraging substrate for individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)
    • Bayne K, Dexter S, Mainzer H, McCully C, Campbell G and Yamada F 1992b The use of artificial turf as a foraging substrate for individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Animal Welfare 1: 39-53
    • (1992) Animal Welfare , vol.1 , pp. 39-53
    • Bayne, K.1    Dexter, S.2    Mainzer, H.3    McCully, C.4    Campbell, G.5    Yamada, F.6
  • 7
    • 0001822485 scopus 로고
    • The reduction of abnormal behaviors in individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with a foraging/grooming board
    • Bayne K, Mainzer H, Dexter S, Campbell G, Yamada F and Suomi S 1991 The reduction of abnormal behaviors in individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with a foraging/grooming board. American Journal of Primatology 23: 23-35
    • (1991) American Journal of Primatology , vol.23 , pp. 23-35
    • Bayne, K.1    Mainzer, H.2    Dexter, S.3    Campbell, G.4    Yamada, F.5    Suomi, S.6
  • 9
    • 84990001130 scopus 로고
    • Development of abnormal stereotyped behaviors
    • Berkson G 1968 Development of abnormal stereotyped behaviors. Developmental Psychobiology 1: 118-132
    • (1968) Developmental Psychobiology , vol.1 , pp. 118-132
    • Berkson, G.1
  • 11
    • 2842562019 scopus 로고
    • Activity patterns of rhesus monkeys in a social group
    • Bernstein I and Mason W 1963 Activity patterns of rhesus monkeys in a social group. Animal Behaviour 12: 338-342
    • (1963) Animal Behaviour , vol.12 , pp. 338-342
    • Bernstein, I.1    Mason, W.2
  • 13
    • 0021996656 scopus 로고
    • Influence of housing conditions on pregnancy outcome in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
    • Boot R, Leussink A B and Vlug R F 1985 Influence of housing conditions on pregnancy outcome in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Laboratory Animals 19: 42-47
    • (1985) Laboratory Animals , vol.19 , pp. 42-47
    • Boot, R.1    Leussink, A.B.2    Vlug, R.F.3
  • 14
    • 0023991962 scopus 로고
    • Primate research and "psychological well-being"
    • Bowden D M 1988 Primate research and "psychological well-being". Science 240: 12
    • (1988) Science , vol.240 , pp. 12
    • Bowden, D.M.1
  • 15
    • 2542557849 scopus 로고
    • The effects of cage size and pair housing on the behavior of captive chimpanzees
    • Abstract
    • Brent L 1992 The effects of cage size and pair housing on the behavior of captive chimpanzees. American Journal of Primatology 27: 20 (Abstract)
    • (1992) American Journal of Primatology , vol.27 , pp. 20
    • Brent, L.1
  • 16
    • 0003162165 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of two environmental enrichment devices for singly caged chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Brent L, Lee D R and Eichberg J W 1989 Evaluation of two environmental enrichment devices for singly caged chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology Supplement 1: 65-70
    • (1989) American Journal of Primatology Supplement , vol.1 , pp. 65-70
    • Brent, L.1    Lee, D.R.2    Eichberg, J.W.3
  • 17
    • 0004580441 scopus 로고
    • The behavioral response of individually caged baboons to feeding enrichment and the standard diet: A preliminary report
    • Brent L and Long K E 1995 The behavioral response of individually caged baboons to feeding enrichment and the standard diet: a preliminary report. Contemporary Topics 34 (2): 65-69
    • (1995) Contemporary Topics , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 65-69
    • Brent, L.1    Long, K.E.2
  • 18
    • 0005696094 scopus 로고
    • Observations on a caging system for housing stump-tailed macaques
    • Burt D A and Plant M 1990 Observations on a caging system for housing stump-tailed macaques. Animal Technology 41: 175-179
    • (1990) Animal Technology , vol.41 , pp. 175-179
    • Burt, D.A.1    Plant, M.2
  • 20
    • 0001438421 scopus 로고
    • Environmental enrichment: A review
    • Chamove A S 1989 Environmental enrichment: a review. Animal Technology 40: 155-178
    • (1989) Animal Technology , vol.40 , pp. 155-178
    • Chamove, A.S.1
  • 22
    • 0342922401 scopus 로고
    • Behavioural profile of free-ranging rhesus monkeys
    • Chopra P K, Seth P K and Seth P K 1992 Behavioural profile of free-ranging rhesus monkeys. Primate Report 32: 75-105
    • (1992) Primate Report , vol.32 , pp. 75-105
    • Chopra, P.K.1    Seth, P.K.2    Seth, P.K.3
  • 23
    • 0346516603 scopus 로고
    • Primate well-being is not promoted by suit
    • Crockett C M 1993 Primate well-being is not promoted by suit. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 32 (2): 1-2
    • (1993) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 1-2
    • Crockett, C.M.1
  • 24
    • 21344484619 scopus 로고
    • Challenging conventional wisdom for housing monkeys
    • Crockett C M and Bowden D M 1994 Challenging conventional wisdom for housing monkeys. Lab Animal 24 (2): 29-33
    • (1994) Lab Animal , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 29-33
    • Crockett, C.M.1    Bowden, D.M.2
  • 26
    • 84996098210 scopus 로고
    • Urinary cortisol responses of longtailed macaques to five cage sizes, tethering, sedation, and room change
    • Crockett C M, Bowers C L, Sackett G P and Bowden D M 1993a Urinary cortisol responses of longtailed macaques to five cage sizes, tethering, sedation, and room change. American Journal of Primatology 30: 55-74
    • (1993) American Journal of Primatology , vol.30 , pp. 55-74
    • Crockett, C.M.1    Bowers, C.L.2    Sackett, G.P.3    Bowden, D.M.4
  • 28
    • 0002625344 scopus 로고
    • The ecological separation of Macaca nemestrina and M. fascicularis in Sumatra
    • Lindburg D G (ed) Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA
    • Crockett C M and Wilson W L 1980 The ecological separation of Macaca nemestrina and M. fascicularis in Sumatra. In: Lindburg D G (ed) The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution pp 148-181. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA
    • (1980) The Macaques: Studies in Ecology, Behavior and Evolution , pp. 148-181
    • Crockett, C.M.1    Wilson, W.L.2
  • 29
    • 0344342226 scopus 로고
    • Cage-size effect on locomotor, grooming and agonistic behaviors of the slow loris, Nycticebus coucang
    • Daschbach N J, Schein M W and Haines D E 1983 Cage-size effect on locomotor, grooming and agonistic behaviors of the slow loris, Nycticebus coucang. Applied Animal Ethology 9: 317-330
    • (1983) Applied Animal Ethology , vol.9 , pp. 317-330
    • Daschbach, N.J.1    Schein, M.W.2    Haines, D.E.3
  • 30
    • 2842540873 scopus 로고
    • Bundesrat: Bern, Switzerland
    • Der Schweizerische Bundesrat 1981 Tierschutzverordnung. Bundesrat: Bern, Switzerland
    • (1981) Tierschutzverordnung
  • 33
    • 0344221055 scopus 로고
    • Rawhide "chew-bones" reduce abnormal behavior in individually housed adult rhesus macaques
    • Abstract
    • Eaton G G, Kelley S T, Iliff-Sizemore S A 1993 Rawhide "chew-bones" reduce abnormal behavior in individually housed adult rhesus macaques. American Journal of Primatology 30: 308 (Abstract)
    • (1993) American Journal of Primatology , vol.30 , pp. 308
    • Eaton, G.G.1    Kelley, S.T.2    Iliff-Sizemore, S.A.3
  • 34
    • 0007572774 scopus 로고
    • Applied primate ecology: Evaluation of environmental changes to promote psychological well-being
    • Novak M A and Petto A J (eds) American Psychological Association: Washington, USA
    • Erwin J 1991 Applied primate ecology: evaluation of environmental changes to promote psychological well-being. In: Novak M A and Petto A J (eds) Through the Looking Glass. Issues of Psychological Well-Being in Captive Nonhuman Primates pp 180-188. American Psychological Association: Washington, USA
    • (1991) Through the Looking Glass. Issues of Psychological Well-Being in Captive Nonhuman Primates , pp. 180-188
    • Erwin, J.1
  • 35
    • 0002042178 scopus 로고
    • Strangers in a strange land: Abnormal behavior or abnormal environments?
    • Erwin J, Maple T and Mitchell G (eds) Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA
    • Erwin J and Deni R 1979 Strangers in a strange land: abnormal behavior or abnormal environments? In: Erwin J, Maple T and Mitchell G (eds) Captivity and Behavior pp 1-28. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA
    • (1979) Captivity and Behavior , pp. 1-28
    • Erwin, J.1    Deni, R.2
  • 38
    • 2842521909 scopus 로고
    • Nonhuman primate socialization and environmental enrichment using a transfer tunnel
    • Field K J, Denny J and Kubicz G 1992 Nonhuman primate socialization and environmental enrichment using a transfer tunnel. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 31 (2): 5-7
    • (1992) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 5-7
    • Field, K.J.1    Denny, J.2    Kubicz, G.3
  • 39
    • 0001335505 scopus 로고
    • Consistency and variability in the behavior of mature, isolation-reared, male rhesus macaques
    • Fittinghoff N A, Lindburg D G, Gomber J and Mitchell G 1974 Consistency and variability in the behavior of mature, isolation-reared, male rhesus macaques. Primates 15: 111-139
    • (1974) Primates , vol.15 , pp. 111-139
    • Fittinghoff, N.A.1    Lindburg, D.G.2    Gomber, J.3    Mitchell, G.4
  • 40
    • 84996050770 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal behaviors, with special focus on rocking, and reproductive competence in a large sample of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Fritz J, Nash L T, Alford P L and Bowen J A 1992 Abnormal behaviors, with special focus on rocking, and reproductive competence in a large sample of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). American Journal of Primatology 27: 161-176
    • (1992) American Journal of Primatology , vol.27 , pp. 161-176
    • Fritz, J.1    Nash, L.T.2    Alford, P.L.3    Bowen, J.A.4
  • 41
    • 0003025066 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees of the Gombe Stream Reserve
    • DeVore I (ed) Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, USA
    • Goodall J 1965 Chimpanzees of the Gombe Stream Reserve. In: DeVore I (ed) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes pp 425-473. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, USA
    • (1965) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes , pp. 425-473
    • Goodall, J.1
  • 42
    • 0001902904 scopus 로고
    • Developing housing facilities for rhesus monkeys: Prevention of abnormal behavior
    • Beynen A C and Solleveld H A (eds) Martinus Nijhoff: Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • Goosen C 1988 Developing housing facilities for rhesus monkeys: prevention of abnormal behavior. In: Beynen A C and Solleveld H A (eds) New Development in Biosciences: Their Implications for Laboratory Animal Science pp 67-70. Martinus Nijhoff: Dordrecht, The Netherlands
    • (1988) New Development in Biosciences: Their Implications for Laboratory Animal Science , pp. 67-70
    • Goosen, C.1
  • 44
    • 0024300353 scopus 로고
    • Experts ponder simian well-being
    • Holden C 1988 Experts ponder simian well-being. Science 241: 1753-1755
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1753-1755
    • Holden, C.1
  • 46
    • 1542405614 scopus 로고
    • IPS international guidelines for the acquisition, care and breeding of nonhuman primates
    • International Primatological Society 1993 IPS international guidelines for the acquisition, care and breeding of nonhuman primates. Primate Report 35: 3-29
    • (1993) Primate Report , vol.35 , pp. 3-29
  • 47
    • 0002388903 scopus 로고
    • The common langur of North India
    • DeVore I (ed) Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, USA
    • Jay P 1965 The common langur of North India. In: DeVore I (ed) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes pp 197-249. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, USA
    • (1965) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes , pp. 197-249
    • Jay, P.1
  • 48
    • 2842544228 scopus 로고
    • A unique housing system for rhesus macaques
    • Kaplan M L and Lobao B J 1991 A unique housing system for rhesus macaques. Lab Animal 20 (6): 48-51
    • (1991) Lab Animal , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 48-51
    • Kaplan, M.L.1    Lobao, B.J.2
  • 49
    • 0344952327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of cage size and cage equipment on physiology and behaviour of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)
    • Kerl J and Rothe H 1996 Influence of cage size and cage equipment on physiology and behaviour of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Laboratory Primate Newsletter 35(3): 10-13
    • (1996) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 10-13
    • Kerl, J.1    Rothe, H.2
  • 50
    • 0026163410 scopus 로고
    • Use of a grooming and foraging substrate to reduce cage stereotypies in macaques
    • Lam K, Rupniak N M J and Iversen S D 1991 Use of a grooming and foraging substrate to reduce cage stereotypies in macaques. Journal of Medical Primatology 20: 104-109
    • (1991) Journal of Medical Primatology , vol.20 , pp. 104-109
    • Lam, K.1    Rupniak, N.M.J.2    Iversen, S.D.3
  • 51
    • 1242293866 scopus 로고
    • Changes in activity levels of singly housed longtailed macaques when given the opportunity to exercise in a larger cage
    • Abstract
    • Leu M, Crockett C M, Bowers C L and Bowden D M 1993 Changes in activity levels of singly housed longtailed macaques when given the opportunity to exercise in a larger cage. American Journal of Primatology 31: 327 (Abstract)
    • (1993) American Journal of Primatology , vol.31 , pp. 327
    • Leu, M.1    Crockett, C.M.2    Bowers, C.L.3    Bowden, D.M.4
  • 54
    • 0002266761 scopus 로고
    • Effect of cage size and environmental enrichment on behavioral and physiological responses of rhesus macaques to the stress of daily events
    • Novak M A and Petto A J (eds) American Psychological Association: Washington, USA
    • Line S W, Markowitz H, Morgan K N and Strong S 1991 Effect of cage size and environmental enrichment on behavioral and physiological responses of rhesus macaques to the stress of daily events. In: Novak M A and Petto A J (eds) Through the Looking Glass. Issues of Psychological Well-Being in Captive Nonhuman Primates pp 160-179. American Psychological Association: Washington, USA
    • (1991) Through the Looking Glass. Issues of Psychological Well-Being in Captive Nonhuman Primates , pp. 160-179
    • Line, S.W.1    Markowitz, H.2    Morgan, K.N.3    Strong, S.4
  • 55
  • 57
    • 0000157794 scopus 로고
    • Increased cage size does not alter heart rate or behavior in female rhesus monkeys
    • Line S W, Morgan K N, Markowitz H and Strong S 1990a Increased cage size does not alter heart rate or behavior in female rhesus monkeys. American Journal of Primatology 20: 107-113
    • (1990) American Journal of Primatology , vol.20 , pp. 107-113
    • Line, S.W.1    Morgan, K.N.2    Markowitz, H.3    Strong, S.4
  • 60
    • 0014182618 scopus 로고
    • Naturalistic and experimental research on primates
    • Menzel E W 1967 Naturalistic and experimental research on primates. Human Development 10: 170-186
    • (1967) Human Development , vol.10 , pp. 170-186
    • Menzel, E.W.1
  • 61
    • 0345072151 scopus 로고
    • Modification of stereotypic behavior in rhesus monkeys using videotapes, puzzlefeeders, and foraging boxes
    • Abstract
    • Meunier L D, Duktig J T and Landi M S 1989 Modification of stereotypic behavior in rhesus monkeys using videotapes, puzzlefeeders, and foraging boxes. Laboratory Animal Science 39: 479 (Abstract)
    • (1989) Laboratory Animal Science , vol.39 , pp. 479
    • Meunier, L.D.1    Duktig, J.T.2    Landi, M.S.3
  • 66
    • 2842544227 scopus 로고
    • When trying to get your monkeys to behave, try perches
    • O'Neill-Wagner P 1994 When trying to get your monkeys to behave, try perches. In Touch 1 (2): 6-8
    • (1994) In Touch , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 6-8
    • O'Neill-Wagner, P.1
  • 67
    • 2842537487 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the use of novel objects by adult male Macaca mulatta, singly housed in Horsfal isolators
    • Perkins S E, Burnett D E, Rice T R, Staley E C and Weick B G 1992 Evaluation of the use of novel objects by adult male Macaca mulatta, singly housed in Horsfal isolators. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 31 (4): 5-7
    • (1992) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 5-7
    • Perkins, S.E.1    Burnett, D.E.2    Rice, T.R.3    Staley, E.C.4    Weick, B.G.5
  • 68
    • 84978876407 scopus 로고
    • Responses of singly-housed white-crowned mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus lunulatus) to different enrichment devices
    • Phillippi-Falkenstein K 1993 Responses of singly-housed white-crowned mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus lunulatus) to different enrichment devices. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 32 (4): 5-7
    • (1993) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 5-7
    • Phillippi-Falkenstein, K.1
  • 69
    • 0000168981 scopus 로고
    • The nature and evolution of behavioural needs in mammals
    • Poole T B 1992 The nature and evolution of behavioural needs in mammals. Animal Welfare 1: 203-220
    • (1992) Animal Welfare , vol.1 , pp. 203-220
    • Poole, T.B.1
  • 70
    • 0343825288 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques
    • Reinhardt V 1989 Evaluation of the long-term effectiveness of two environmental enrichment objects for singly caged rhesus macaques. Lab Animal 18(6): 31-33
    • (1989) Lab Animal , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 31-33
    • Reinhardt, V.1
  • 72
    • 0026045371 scopus 로고
    • Serum cortisol concentrations of single-housed and isosexually pair-housed adult rhesus macaques
    • Reinhardt V 1991 Serum cortisol concentrations of single-housed and isosexually pair-housed adult rhesus macaques. Journal of Experimental Animal Science 34: 73-76
    • (1991) Journal of Experimental Animal Science , vol.34 , pp. 73-76
    • Reinhardt, V.1
  • 73
    • 0005726857 scopus 로고
    • Space utilization by captive rhesus macaques
    • Reinhardt V 1992 Space utilization by captive rhesus macaques. Animal Technology 43: 11-17
    • (1992) Animal Technology , vol.43 , pp. 11-17
    • Reinhardt, V.1
  • 75
    • 2542568939 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary comments on environmental enrichment with branches for individually caged rhesus monkeys
    • Reinhardt V, Houser W D, Cowley D and Champoux M 1987a Preliminary comments on environmental enrichment with branches for individually caged rhesus monkeys. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 26 (1): 1-3
    • (1987) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-3
    • Reinhardt, V.1    Houser, W.D.2    Cowley, D.3    Champoux, M.4
  • 76
    • 84995160643 scopus 로고
    • Social enrichment of the environment with infants for singly caged adult rhesus monkeys
    • Reinhardt V, Houser W D, Eisele S G and Champoux M 1987b Social enrichment of the environment with infants for singly caged adult rhesus monkeys. Zoo Biology 5: 365-371
    • (1987) Zoo Biology , vol.5 , pp. 365-371
    • Reinhardt, V.1    Houser, W.D.2    Eisele, S.G.3    Champoux, M.4
  • 77
    • 0346313412 scopus 로고
    • PVC pipes effectively enrich the environment of caged rhesus monkeys
    • Reinhardt V and Smith M D 1988 PVC pipes effectively enrich the environment of caged rhesus monkeys. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 27 (3): 4-5
    • (1988) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.27 , Issue.3 , pp. 4-5
    • Reinhardt, V.1    Smith, M.D.2
  • 78
    • 2842596361 scopus 로고
    • Improving the micro environment of caged laboratory macaques
    • Reinhardt V, Zweifel D and Pape D 1992 Improving the micro environment of caged laboratory macaques. Animal Technology 43: 179-183
    • (1992) Animal Technology , vol.43 , pp. 179-183
    • Reinhardt, V.1    Zweifel, D.2    Pape, D.3
  • 79
    • 0002822008 scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest
    • DeVore I (ed) Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, USA
    • Reynolds V and Reynolds F 1965 Chimpanzees of the Budongo Forest. In: DeVore I (ed) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes pp 368-424. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, USA
    • (1965) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes , pp. 368-424
    • Reynolds, V.1    Reynolds, F.2
  • 80
    • 84942096322 scopus 로고
    • Postural adaptations in New and Old World monkeys
    • Jenkins F A (ed) Academic Press: New York, USA
    • Rose M D 1974 Postural adaptations in New and Old World monkeys. In: Jenkins F A (ed) Primate Locomotion pp 201-222. Academic Press: New York, USA
    • (1974) Primate Locomotion , pp. 201-222
    • Rose, M.D.1
  • 81
    • 0005818099 scopus 로고
    • Individual distances in two species of macaques
    • Rosenblum L, Kaufman I and Stynes A 1964 Individual distances in two species of macaques. Animal Behaviour 12: 338-342
    • (1964) Animal Behaviour , vol.12 , pp. 338-342
    • Rosenblum, L.1    Kaufman, I.2    Stynes, A.3
  • 82
    • 24444434299 scopus 로고
    • Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten bei Primaten im Zoo
    • Rümpler U 1992 Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten bei Primaten im Zoo. Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoo 35 (2): 47-68
    • (1992) Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoo , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 47-68
    • Rümpler, U.1
  • 83
    • 0005692982 scopus 로고
    • A closed colony of squirrel monkeys for laboratory studies
    • Segal E F (ed) Noyes Publications: Park Ridge, USA
    • Salzen E A 1989 A closed colony of squirrel monkeys for laboratory studies. In: Segal E F (ed) Housing, Care and Psychological Well-Being of Captive and Laboratory Primates pp 115-134. Noyes Publications: Park Ridge, USA
    • (1989) Housing, Care and Psychological Well-Being of Captive and Laboratory Primates , pp. 115-134
    • Salzen, E.A.1
  • 88
    • 0007488556 scopus 로고
    • Initial response to introduction of a PVC perch by singly caged Macaca fascicularis
    • Shimoji M, Bowers C L and Crockett C M 1993 Initial response to introduction of a PVC perch by singly caged Macaca fascicularis. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 32 (4): 8-11
    • (1993) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 8-11
    • Shimoji, M.1    Bowers, C.L.2    Crockett, C.M.3
  • 89
    • 0000347156 scopus 로고
    • The bonnet macaque of South India
    • DeVore I (ed) Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, USA
    • Simonds P E 1965 The bonnet macaque of South India. In: DeVore I (ed) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes pp 175-196. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York, USA
    • (1965) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes , pp. 175-196
    • Simonds, P.E.1
  • 91
    • 84987166849 scopus 로고
    • Utilization of space by adult and juvenile groups of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
    • Traylor-Holzer K and Fritz P 1985 Utilization of space by adult and juvenile groups of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Zoo Biology 4: 115-127
    • (1985) Zoo Biology , vol.4 , pp. 115-127
    • Traylor-Holzer, K.1    Fritz, P.2
  • 92
    • 0026424453 scopus 로고
    • Animal welfare; standards; final rule
    • United States Department of Agriculture 1991 Animal welfare; standards; final rule. Federal Register 56: 6426-6505
    • (1991) Federal Register , vol.56 , pp. 6426-6505
  • 93
    • 0004890910 scopus 로고
    • Issues related to "psychological well-being" in nonhuman primates
    • Vandenbergh J G 1989 Issues related to "psychological well-being" in nonhuman primates. American Journal of Primatology 1: 9-15
    • (1989) American Journal of Primatology , vol.1 , pp. 9-15
    • Vandenbergh, J.G.1
  • 94
    • 0002950003 scopus 로고
    • The implications of primate research
    • DeVore I (ed) Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York
    • Washburn R and Hamburg D A 1965 The implications of primate research. In: DeVore I (ed) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes pp 607-629. Holt, Rinehart and Winston: New York
    • (1965) Primate Behavior: Field Studies of Monkeys and Apes , pp. 607-629
    • Washburn, R.1    Hamburg, D.A.2
  • 95
    • 0026044883 scopus 로고
    • A built-in perch for primate squeeze cages
    • Watson D S B 1991 A built-in perch for primate squeeze cages. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 41: 378-379
    • (1991) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.41 , pp. 378-379
    • Watson, D.S.B.1
  • 97
    • 21844517397 scopus 로고
    • Innovative enclosures for laboratory primates: Evaluation of a "breeding condominium"
    • Weed J L, Baker S C, Harbaugh S W and Erwin J 1995 Innovative enclosures for laboratory primates: evaluation of a "breeding condominium". Lab Animal 24 (7): 28-32
    • (1995) Lab Animal , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 28-32
    • Weed, J.L.1    Baker, S.C.2    Harbaugh, S.W.3    Erwin, J.4
  • 98
    • 0004741925 scopus 로고
    • Provision of manipulable objects to cynomolgus macaques promotes species-typical behavior
    • Abstract
    • Weld K and Erwin J 1990 Provision of manipulable objects to cynomolgus macaques promotes species-typical behavior. American Journal of Primatology 20: 243 (Abstract)
    • (1990) American Journal of Primatology , vol.20 , pp. 243
    • Weld, K.1    Erwin, J.2
  • 99
    • 2842603042 scopus 로고
    • Experimental evaluation of environmental enrichment techniques: Provision of manipulable objects to five primate species
    • Abstract
    • Weld K, Metz B and Erwin J 1989 Experimental evaluation of environmental enrichment techniques: provision of manipulable objects to five primate species. American Journal of Primatology 18: 169 (Abstract)
    • (1989) American Journal of Primatology , vol.18 , pp. 169
    • Weld, K.1    Metz, B.2    Erwin, J.3
  • 100
    • 2842591935 scopus 로고
    • Animal boredom - A model of chronic suffering in captive animals and its consequences for environmental enrichment
    • Wemelsfelder F 1994 Animal boredom - a model of chronic suffering in captive animals and its consequences for environmental enrichment. Humane Innovations and Alternatives 8: 587-591
    • (1994) Humane Innovations and Alternatives , vol.8 , pp. 587-591
    • Wemelsfelder, F.1
  • 102
    • 2842529755 scopus 로고
    • Cage design and configuration for an arboreal species of primate (genus Saimiri)
    • Abstract
    • Williams L E and Abee C R 1985 Cage design and configuration for an arboreal species of primate (genus Saimiri). Laboratory Animal Science 35: 529 (Abstract)
    • (1985) Laboratory Animal Science , vol.35 , pp. 529
    • Williams, L.E.1    Abee, C.R.2
  • 103
    • 84987226537 scopus 로고
    • Environmental influences on the activity of captive apes
    • Wilson S F 1982 Environmental influences on the activity of captive apes. Zoo Biology 1: 201-209
    • (1982) Zoo Biology , vol.1 , pp. 201-209
    • Wilson, S.F.1
  • 104
    • 2842607543 scopus 로고
    • Psychological well-being: The billion-dollar situation
    • Novak M A and Petto A J (eds) American Psychological Association: Washington, USA
    • Wolfle T L 1991 Psychological well-being: the billion-dollar situation. In: Novak M A and Petto A J (eds) Through the Looking Glass. Issues of Psychological Well-Being in Captive Nonhuman Primates pp 119-128. American Psychological Association: Washington, USA
    • (1991) Through the Looking Glass. Issues of Psychological Well-Being in Captive Nonhuman Primates , pp. 119-128
    • Wolfle, T.L.1
  • 105
    • 0343825286 scopus 로고
    • Perch use by Macaca mulatta in relation to cage location
    • Woodbeck T and Reinhardt V 1991 Perch use by Macaca mulatta in relation to cage location. Laboratory Primate Newsletter 30 (4): 11-12
    • (1991) Laboratory Primate Newsletter , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 11-12
    • Woodbeck, T.1    Reinhardt, V.2
  • 106
    • 0024588470 scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental condition on the psychological well-being of primates. A review of the literature
    • Woolverton W L, Ator N A, Beardsley P M and Carroll M E 1989 Effects of environmental condition on the psychological well-being of primates. A review of the literature. Life Sciences 44: 901-917
    • (1989) Life Sciences , vol.44 , pp. 901-917
    • Woolverton, W.L.1    Ator, N.A.2    Beardsley, P.M.3    Carroll, M.E.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.