메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 12, 1999, Pages 1124-1133

Acute Ethylene Glycol Intoxication. Part II. Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis, and Prevention

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0000236396     PISSN: 01931903     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 0020360649 scopus 로고
    • Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning in the dog and cat
    • Grauer GF, Thrall MA: Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning in the dog and cat. JAAHA 18:492-497, 1982.
    • (1982) JAAHA , vol.18 , pp. 492-497
    • Grauer, G.F.1    Thrall, M.A.2
  • 2
    • 0021703012 scopus 로고
    • Early clinicopathologic findings in dogs ingesting ethylene glycol
    • Grauer GF, Thrall MA, Henre BA, et al: Early clinicopathologic findings in dogs ingesting ethylene glycol. Am J Vet Res 45:2299-2303, 1984.
    • (1984) Am J Vet Res , vol.45 , pp. 2299-2303
    • Grauer, G.F.1    Thrall, M.A.2    Henre, B.A.3
  • 3
    • 0028572351 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ethanol and 4-methylpyrazole as treatments for ethylene glycol intoxication in cats
    • Dial SM, Hull Thrall MA, Hamar DW: Comparison of ethanol and 4-methylpyrazole as treatments for ethylene glycol intoxication in cats. Am J Vet Res 55:1771-1782, 1994.
    • (1994) Am J Vet Res , vol.55 , pp. 1771-1782
    • Dial, S.M.1    Hull Thrall, M.A.2    Hamar, D.W.3
  • 4
    • 0023126704 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of ethanol and 4-methylpyrazole on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of ethylene glycol in the dog
    • Grauer GF, Hull Thrall MA, Henre BA, et al: Comparison of the effects of ethanol and 4-methylpyrazole on the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of ethylene glycol in the dog. Toxicol Lett 35:307-314, 1987.
    • (1987) Toxicol Lett , vol.35 , pp. 307-314
    • Grauer, G.F.1    Hull Thrall, M.A.2    Henre, B.A.3
  • 5
    • 84987186159 scopus 로고
    • Hyperosmolemic changes following ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs
    • Green RA, St. Omer VV, Zumwalt RW, et al: Hyperosmolemic changes following ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs. J Am Soc Vet Clin Pathol 7:8-11, 1978.
    • (1978) J Am Soc Vet Clin Pathol , vol.7 , pp. 8-11
    • Green, R.A.1    St. Omer, V.V.2    Zumwalt, R.W.3
  • 6
    • 0028587524 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole for treatment of ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs
    • Dial SM, Hull Thrall MA, Hamar DW: Efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole for treatment of ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs. Am J Vet Res 55:1762-1770, 1994.
    • (1994) Am J Vet Res , vol.55 , pp. 1762-1770
    • Dial, S.M.1    Hull Thrall, M.A.2    Hamar, D.W.3
  • 7
    • 0022118572 scopus 로고
    • Low-dose ethanol in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning
    • Tarr BD, Winters LJ, Moore MP, et al: Low-dose ethanol in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 8:254-262, 1985.
    • (1985) J Vet Pharmacol Ther , vol.8 , pp. 254-262
    • Tarr, B.D.1    Winters, L.J.2    Moore, M.P.3
  • 8
    • 0010181775 scopus 로고
    • The value of anion gap and osmolal gap determination in veterinary medicine
    • Shull RM: The value of anion gap and osmolal gap determination in veterinary medicine. Vet Clin Pathol 7:12-14, 1979.
    • (1979) Vet Clin Pathol , vol.7 , pp. 12-14
    • Shull, R.M.1
  • 9
    • 0029918555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of serum osmolal gap in diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion
    • Glaser DS: Utility of serum osmolal gap in diagnosis of methanol or ethylene glycol ingestion. Ann Emerg Med 27:343-346, 1996.
    • (1996) Ann Emerg Med , vol.27 , pp. 343-346
    • Glaser, D.S.1
  • 10
    • 0008456025 scopus 로고
    • Composition and distribution of body fluids in dogs and cats
    • DiBartola SP (ed): Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co
    • DiBartola SP: Composition and distribution of body fluids in dogs and cats, in DiBartola SP (ed): Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1992, pp 1-34.
    • (1992) Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice , pp. 1-34
    • DiBartola, S.P.1
  • 11
    • 0018969724 scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic importance of an increased anion gap
    • Gabow PA, Kaehny WD, Fennessy PV, et al: Diagnostic importance of an increased anion gap. N Engl J Med 303: 854-858, 1980.
    • (1980) N Engl J Med , vol.303 , pp. 854-858
    • Gabow, P.A.1    Kaehny, W.D.2    Fennessy, P.V.3
  • 12
    • 0031982736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethylene glycol poisoning: Toxicokinetic and analytical factors affecting laboratory diagnosis
    • Eder AF, McGrath CM, Dowdy YG, et al: Ethylene glycol poisoning: Toxicokinetic and analytical factors affecting laboratory diagnosis. Clin Chem 44:168-177, 1998.
    • (1998) Clin Chem , vol.44 , pp. 168-177
    • Eder, A.F.1    McGrath, C.M.2    Dowdy, Y.G.3
  • 13
    • 0020727723 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) intoxication in dogs by determination of glycolic acid in serum and urine with high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    • Hewlett TP, Ray AC, Reagor TC: Diagnosis of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) intoxication in dogs by determination of glycolic acid in serum and urine with high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 66:276-283, 1983.
    • (1983) J Assoc off Anal Chem , vol.66 , pp. 276-283
    • Hewlett, T.P.1    Ray, A.C.2    Reagor, T.C.3
  • 14
    • 0025298598 scopus 로고
    • Urine fluorescence using a Wood's lamp to detect the antifreeze additive sodium fluorescein: A qualitative adjunctive test in suspected ethylene glycol ingestions
    • Winter ML, Ellis MD, Snodgrass WR: Urine fluorescence using a Wood's lamp to detect the antifreeze additive sodium fluorescein: A qualitative adjunctive test in suspected ethylene glycol ingestions. Ann Emerg Med 19:663-667, 1990.
    • (1990) Ann Emerg Med , vol.19 , pp. 663-667
    • Winter, M.L.1    Ellis, M.D.2    Snodgrass, W.R.3
  • 15
    • 0024711623 scopus 로고
    • Early renal ultrasonographic findings in dogs with experimentally induced ethylene glycol nephrosis
    • Adams WH, Toal RL, Walker MA, et al: Early renal ultrasonographic findings in dogs with experimentally induced ethylene glycol nephrosis. Am J Vet Res 50:1370-1376, 1989.
    • (1989) Am J Vet Res , vol.50 , pp. 1370-1376
    • Adams, W.H.1    Toal, R.L.2    Walker, M.A.3
  • 16
    • 0026338360 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic findings in dogs and cats with oxalate nephrosis attributed to ethylene glycol intoxication: 15 cases (1984-1988)
    • Adams WH, Toal RL, Breider MA: Ultrasonographic findings in dogs and cats with oxalate nephrosis attributed to ethylene glycol intoxication: 15 cases (1984-1988). JAVMA 199:492-496, 1991.
    • (1991) JAVMA , vol.199 , pp. 492-496
    • Adams, W.H.1    Toal, R.L.2    Breider, M.A.3
  • 17
    • 0029849817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole for treatment of suspected or confirmed ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs: 107 cases (1983-1995)
    • Connally HE, Thrall MA, Forney SD, et al: Safety and efficacy of 4-methylpyrazole for treatment of suspected or confirmed ethylene glycol intoxication in dogs: 107 cases (1983-1995). JAVMA 209:1880-1883, 1996.
    • (1996) JAVMA , vol.209 , pp. 1880-1883
    • Connally, H.E.1    Thrall, M.A.2    Forney, S.D.3
  • 18
    • 0017395591 scopus 로고
    • Severe hypocalcemia resulting from ethylene glycol poisoning in the dog
    • Zenoble RD, Myers RK: Severe hypocalcemia resulting from ethylene glycol poisoning in the dog. JAAHA 13:489-493, 1977.
    • (1977) JAAHA , vol.13 , pp. 489-493
    • Zenoble, R.D.1    Myers, R.K.2
  • 19
    • 0023485152 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of ethylene glycol-induced nephrotoxicosis in a dog
    • Fox LE, Grauer GF, Dubielzig RR, et al: Reversal of ethylene glycol-induced nephrotoxicosis in a dog. JAVMA 191: 1433-1435, 1987.
    • (1987) JAVMA , vol.191 , pp. 1433-1435
    • Fox, L.E.1    Grauer, G.F.2    Dubielzig, R.R.3
  • 20
    • 0030979057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidotes for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning
    • Jacobsen D, McMartin KE: Antidotes for methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning. Clin Toxicol 35:127-143, 1997.
    • (1997) Clin Toxicol , vol.35 , pp. 127-143
    • Jacobsen, D.1    McMartin, K.E.2
  • 21
    • 0344172254 scopus 로고
    • Experimental treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning
    • Peterson DJ, Peterson JE, Hardinge MG, et al: Experimental treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. JAMA 186:955-957, 1963.
    • (1963) JAMA , vol.186 , pp. 955-957
    • Peterson, D.J.1    Peterson, J.E.2    Hardinge, M.G.3
  • 22
    • 0001312203 scopus 로고
    • Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: Kinetic and physiochemical properties
    • Von Wartburg JP, Bethune JL, Vallee BL: Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: Kinetic and physiochemical properties. Biochem J 3:1775-1782, 1964.
    • (1964) Biochem J , vol.3 , pp. 1775-1782
    • Von Wartburg, J.P.1    Bethune, J.L.2    Vallee, B.L.3
  • 23
    • 0013847171 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with ethyl alcohol
    • Wacker WEB, Haynes H, Druyan R, et al: Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with ethyl alcohol. JAMA 194: 1231-1233, 1965.
    • (1965) JAMA , vol.194 , pp. 1231-1233
    • Wacker, W.E.B.1    Haynes, H.2    Druyan, R.3
  • 24
    • 0015224179 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of acute ethylene glycol (antifreeze) toxicosis in the dog
    • Beckett SD, Shields RP: Treatment of acute ethylene glycol (antifreeze) toxicosis in the dog. JAVMA 158:472-476, 1971.
    • (1971) JAVMA , vol.158 , pp. 472-476
    • Beckett, S.D.1    Shields, R.P.2
  • 25
    • 0015105490 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning in the dog
    • Nunamaker DM, Medway W, Berg P: Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning in the dog. JAVMA 159:310-314, 1971.
    • (1971) JAVMA , vol.159 , pp. 310-314
    • Nunamaker, D.M.1    Medway, W.2    Berg, P.3
  • 26
    • 0016426587 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in cats
    • Penumarthy L, Oehme FW: Treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in cats. Am J Vet Res 36:209-212, 1975.
    • (1975) Am J Vet Res , vol.36 , pp. 209-212
    • Penumarthy, L.1    Oehme, F.W.2
  • 28
    • 0015611066 scopus 로고
    • Systematic treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in dogs
    • Sanyer JL, Oehme FW, McGavin MD: Systematic treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 34:527-534, 1973.
    • (1973) Am J Vet Res , vol.34 , pp. 527-534
    • Sanyer, J.L.1    Oehme, F.W.2    McGavin, M.D.3
  • 29
    • 0345911329 scopus 로고
    • Serum ethanol concentrations in ethylene glycol intoxicated cats treated with intraperitoneal ethanol
    • Thrall MA, Dial SM, Hamar DW, et al: Serum ethanol concentrations in ethylene glycol intoxicated cats treated with intraperitoneal ethanol. Vet Clin Pathol 17:14, 1988.
    • (1988) Vet Clin Pathol , vol.17 , pp. 14
    • Thrall, M.A.1    Dial, S.M.2    Hamar, D.W.3
  • 30
    • 0024694787 scopus 로고
    • 4-Methylpyrazole as treatment for naturally acquired ethylene glycol intoxication indogs
    • Dial SM, Thrall MA, Hamar DW: 4-Methylpyrazole as treatment for naturally acquired ethylene glycol intoxication indogs. JAVMA 195:73-76, 1989.
    • (1989) JAVMA , vol.195 , pp. 73-76
    • Dial, S.M.1    Thrall, M.A.2    Hamar, D.W.3
  • 32
    • 0019364187 scopus 로고
    • Ethylene glycol poisoning: Pharmacokinetics during therapy with ethanol and hemodialysis
    • Peterson CD, Collins AJ, Himes JM, et al: Ethylene glycol poisoning: Pharmacokinetics during therapy with ethanol and hemodialysis. N Engl Med 304:21-23, 1981.
    • (1981) N Engl Med , vol.304 , pp. 21-23
    • Peterson, C.D.1    Collins, A.J.2    Himes, J.M.3
  • 33
    • 0014455297 scopus 로고
    • Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: Inhibition by pyrazole and pyrazole analogs
    • Li T-K, Theorell H: Human liver alcohol dehydrogenase: Inhibition by pyrazole and pyrazole analogs. Acta Chem Scand 23:892-902, 1969.
    • (1969) Acta Chem Scand , vol.23 , pp. 892-902
    • Li, T.-K.1    Theorell, H.2
  • 34
    • 0017580296 scopus 로고
    • On the metabolic acidosis of ethylene glycol intoxication
    • Clay KL, Murphy RC: On the metabolic acidosis of ethylene glycol intoxication. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 39:39-49, 1977.
    • (1977) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 39-49
    • Clay, K.L.1    Murphy, R.C.2
  • 35
    • 0017834205 scopus 로고
    • The effect of pyrazole on ethylene glycol toxicity and metabolism in the rat
    • Chou JY, Richardson KE: The effect of pyrazole on ethylene glycol toxicity and metabolism in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 43:33-44, 1978.
    • (1978) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 33-44
    • Chou, J.Y.1    Richardson, K.E.2
  • 36
    • 0347172694 scopus 로고
    • Ethanol, 1,3-butanediol, pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole therapy in dogs with experimental ethylene glycol intoxication
    • Thrall MA, Grauer GF, Mero KN: Ethanol, 1,3-butanediol, pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole therapy in dogs with experimental ethylene glycol intoxication (Abstr). Proc Am Soc Vet Clin Pathol: 23, 1982.
    • (1982) Proc Am Soc Vet Clin Pathol , vol.23
    • Thrall, M.A.1    Grauer, G.F.2    Mero, K.N.3
  • 37
    • 0023036315 scopus 로고
    • 4-Methylpyrazole may be an alternative to ethanol therapy for ethylene glycol intoxication in man
    • Baud FJ, Bismuth C, Garnier R, et al: 4-Methylpyrazole may be an alternative to ethanol therapy for ethylene glycol intoxication in man. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 24:463-483, 1986-1987.
    • (1986) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.24 , pp. 463-483
    • Baud, F.J.1    Bismuth, C.2    Garnier, R.3
  • 38
    • 0023880624 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with intravenous 4-methylpyrazole
    • Baud FJ, Gallot M, Astier A, et al: Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with intravenous 4-methylpyrazole. N Engl J Med 319:97-100, 1988.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.319 , pp. 97-100
    • Baud, F.J.1    Gallot, M.2    Astier, A.3
  • 39
    • 0347172696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antizol™ Product Monograph Orphan Medical, Minnetonka, MN, 1997
    • Antizol™ Product Monograph. Orphan Medical, Minnetonka, MN, 1997.
  • 40
    • 0001186898 scopus 로고
    • Studies in detoxication. 86. the metabolism of 14 C-labelled ethylene glycol
    • Gessner PK, Parke DV, Williams RT: Studies in detoxication. 86. The metabolism of 14 C-labelled ethylene glycol. Biochem J 79:482-489, 1961.
    • (1961) Biochem J , vol.79 , pp. 482-489
    • Gessner, P.K.1    Parke, D.V.2    Williams, R.T.3
  • 41
    • 0021732214 scopus 로고
    • 1,3-Butanediol treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in dogs
    • Murphy MJ, Ray AC, Jones LP, et al: 1,3-Butanediol treatment of ethylene glycol toxicosis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 45:2293-2295, 1984.
    • (1984) Am J Vet Res , vol.45 , pp. 2293-2295
    • Murphy, M.J.1    Ray, A.C.2    Jones, L.P.3
  • 42
    • 0026518274 scopus 로고
    • The toxicokinetics of 1,3-butylene glycol versus ethanol in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning
    • Cox SK, Ferslew KE, Boelen LJ: The toxicokinetics of 1,3-butylene glycol versus ethanol in the treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning. Vet Hum Toxicol 34:36-42, 1992.
    • (1992) Vet Hum Toxicol , vol.34 , pp. 36-42
    • Cox, S.K.1    Ferslew, K.E.2    Boelen, L.J.3
  • 43
    • 0016138701 scopus 로고
    • Ethylene glycol poisoning
    • Parry MF, Wallach R: Ethylene glycol poisoning. Am J Med 57:143-150, 1974.
    • (1974) Am J Med , vol.57 , pp. 143-150
    • Parry, M.F.1    Wallach, R.2
  • 44
    • 0023218077 scopus 로고
    • Clearance of ethylene glycol by kidneys and hemodialysis
    • Cheng JT, Beysolow TD, Kaul B, et al: Clearance of ethylene glycol by kidneys and hemodialysis. Clin Toxicol 25:95-108, 1987.
    • (1987) Clin Toxicol , vol.25 , pp. 95-108
    • Cheng, J.T.1    Beysolow, T.D.2    Kaul, B.3
  • 45
    • 0024560796 scopus 로고
    • Ethylene glycol and glycolate kinetics in rats and dogs
    • Hewlett TP, Jacobsen D, Collins TD, et al: Ethylene glycol and glycolate kinetics in rats and dogs. Vet Hum Toxicol 31:116-120, 1989.
    • (1989) Vet Hum Toxicol , vol.31 , pp. 116-120
    • Hewlett, T.P.1    Jacobsen, D.2    Collins, T.D.3
  • 46
    • 0014558998 scopus 로고
    • Renal tubular handling of glycerol and ethylene glycol in the dog
    • Swanson RE, Thompson RB: Renal tubular handling of glycerol and ethylene glycol in the dog. Am J Physiol 217:553-562, 1969.
    • (1969) Am J Physiol , vol.217 , pp. 553-562
    • Swanson, R.E.1    Thompson, R.B.2
  • 47
    • 0031977444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid therapy in acute and chronic renal failure
    • Grauer GF: Fluid therapy in acute and chronic renal failure. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 28:609-622, 1998.
    • (1998) Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract , vol.28 , pp. 609-622
    • Grauer, G.F.1
  • 48
    • 0017198518 scopus 로고
    • "Bicarbonate resistant" metabolic acidosis in association with ethylene glycol intoxication
    • Michelis MF, Mitchell B, Davis BB: "Bicarbonate resistant" metabolic acidosis in association with ethylene glycol intoxication. Clin Toxicol 9:53-60, 1976.
    • (1976) Clin Toxicol , vol.9 , pp. 53-60
    • Michelis, M.F.1    Mitchell, B.2    Davis, B.B.3
  • 49
    • 0022625932 scopus 로고
    • Organic acids in ethylene glycol intoxication
    • Gabow PA, Clay K, Sullivan JB, et al: Organic acids in ethylene glycol intoxication. Ann Int Med 105:16-20, 1986.
    • (1986) Ann Int Med , vol.105 , pp. 16-20
    • Gabow, P.A.1    Clay, K.2    Sullivan, J.B.3
  • 50
    • 0039066988 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis
    • DiBartola SP (ed): Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co
    • DiBartola SP: Metabolic acidosis, in DiBartola SP (ed): Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1992, pp 216-243.
    • (1992) Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice , pp. 216-243
    • DiBartola, S.P.1
  • 51
    • 0031965010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of life-threatening acid-base disorders, Part I
    • Adrogue JH, Madias NE: Management of life-threatening acid-base disorders, Part I. N Engl J Med 338:26-34, 1998.
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.338 , pp. 26-34
    • Adrogue, J.H.1    Madias, N.E.2
  • 52
    • 0023908004 scopus 로고
    • Ethylene glycol intoxication: Evaluation of kinetics and crystalluria
    • Jacobson D, Hewlett TP, Webb R, et al: Ethylene glycol intoxication: Evaluation of kinetics and crystalluria. Am J Med 84:145-152, 1988.
    • (1988) Am J Med , vol.84 , pp. 145-152
    • Jacobson, D.1    Hewlett, T.P.2    Webb, R.3
  • 53
    • 0002658352 scopus 로고
    • Disorders of calcium: Hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia
    • DiBartola SP (ed): Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co
    • Chew DJ, Nagade LA, Carothers M: Disorders of calcium: Hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia, in DiBartola SP (ed): Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice. Philadelphia, WB Saunders Co, 1992, pp 116-176.
    • (1992) Fluid Therapy in Small Animal Practice , pp. 116-176
    • Chew, D.J.1    Nagade, L.A.2    Carothers, M.3
  • 54
    • 84965092989 scopus 로고
    • The nephrotoxic lesion of ethylene glycol
    • Berman LB, Schreiner GE, Feys J: The nephrotoxic lesion of ethylene glycol. Ann Int Med 46:611-619, 1957.
    • (1957) Ann Int Med , vol.46 , pp. 611-619
    • Berman, L.B.1    Schreiner, G.E.2    Feys, J.3
  • 55
    • 0013885008 scopus 로고
    • Experimental ethylene glycol poisoning in the dog
    • Kersting EJ, Nielson SW: Experimental ethylene glycol poisoning in the dog. Am J Vet Res 27:574-582, 1966.
    • (1966) Am J Vet Res , vol.27 , pp. 574-582
    • Kersting, E.J.1    Nielson, S.W.2
  • 56
    • 0021680498 scopus 로고
    • Glycolate causes the acidosis in ethylene glycol poisoning and is effectively removed by hemodialysis
    • Jacobsen D, Ovrebo S, Ostborg J, et al: Glycolate causes the acidosis in ethylene glycol poisoning and is effectively removed by hemodialysis. Acta Med Scand 216:409-416, 1984.
    • (1984) Acta Med Scand , vol.216 , pp. 409-416
    • Jacobsen, D.1    Ovrebo, S.2    Ostborg, J.3
  • 57
    • 0022997928 scopus 로고
    • Methanol and ethylene glycol poisonings: Mechanism of toxicity, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment
    • Jacobsen D, McMartin KE: Methanol and ethylene glycol poisonings: Mechanism of toxicity, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment. Med Toxicol 1:309-334, 1986.
    • (1986) Med Toxicol , vol.1 , pp. 309-334
    • Jacobsen, D.1    McMartin, K.E.2
  • 58
    • 0029848177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of hemodialysis in the management of dogs and cats with renal failure
    • Cowgill LD, Langston CE: Role of hemodialysis in the management of dogs and cats with renal failure. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 26:1347-1378, 1996.
    • (1996) Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract , vol.26 , pp. 1347-1378
    • Cowgill, L.D.1    Langston, C.E.2
  • 60
    • 0021337940 scopus 로고
    • Clinicopathologic findings in dogs and cats with ethylene glycol intoxication
    • Thrall MA, Grauer GF: Clinicopathologic findings in dogs and cats with ethylene glycol intoxication. JAVMA 184: 37-41, 1984.
    • (1984) JAVMA , vol.184 , pp. 37-41
    • Thrall, M.A.1    Grauer, G.F.2
  • 61
    • 0004852735 scopus 로고
    • Ethylene glycol poisoning with suggestions for its treatment as oxalate poisoning
    • Milles G: Ethylene glycol poisoning with suggestions for its treatment as oxalate poisoning. Arch Pathol 41:631-638, 1946.
    • (1946) Arch Pathol , vol.41 , pp. 631-638
    • Milles, G.1
  • 63
    • 0029160931 scopus 로고
    • Bittering agents: Their potential application in reducing ingestions of engine coolants and windshield wash
    • Jackson MH, Payne HAS: Bittering agents: Their potential application in reducing ingestions of engine coolants and windshield wash. Vet Hum Toxicol 37:323-326, 1995.
    • (1995) Vet Hum Toxicol , vol.37 , pp. 323-326
    • Jackson, M.H.1    Payne, H.A.S.2
  • 64
    • 0024970093 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of propylene glycol induced Heinz body formation to anemia in cats
    • Christopher MM, Perman V, Eaton JW: Contribution of propylene glycol induced Heinz body formation to anemia in cats. JAVMA 194:1045-1056, 1989.
    • (1989) JAVMA , vol.194 , pp. 1045-1056
    • Christopher, M.M.1    Perman, V.2    Eaton, J.W.3
  • 65
    • 0025058228 scopus 로고
    • Propylene glycol ingestion causes D-lactic acidosis
    • Christopher MM, Eckfeldt JH, Eaton JW: Propylene glycol ingestion causes D-lactic acidosis. Lab Invest 62:114-118, 1990.
    • (1990) Lab Invest , vol.62 , pp. 114-118
    • Christopher, M.M.1    Eckfeldt, J.H.2    Eaton, J.W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.