The effects of Perkinsus marinus infection on physiological processes in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica

Journal of Shellfish Research

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 1996, Pages 119-125

  Paynter, Kennedy T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Crassostrea virginica; Perkinsus marinus; Physiology

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000233354     PISSN: 07308000     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Anderson, R. S. 1996. Interactions of Perkinsus marinus with humoral factors and hemocytes of Crassostrea virginica. J. Shellfish Res. 15:127-134.
2. Andrews, J. D. 1961. Measurement of shell growth in oysters by weighing in water. Proc. Natl. Shellfish Assoc. 52:1-11.
3. Andrews, J. D. 1988. Epizootiology of the disease caused by the oyster pathogen, Perkinsus marinus and its effects on the oyster industry. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 18:47-63.
4. Baginski, R. M. & S. K. Pierce. 1975. Anaerobiosis: a possible source of osmotic solute for high salinity acclimation in marine molluscs. J. Exp. Biol. 62:589-598.
5. Baginski, R. M. & S. K. Pierce. 1977. The time course of intracellular free amino acid accumulation in tissues of Modiolus demissus during high salinity adaptation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 57(4A):407-413.
6. Barber, B. J., S. E. Ford & H. H. Haskin. 1988a. Effects of the parasite MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) on oyster (Crassostrea virginica) energy metabolism. I. Condition index and relative fecundity. J. Shellfish Res. 7:25-31.
7. Barber, B. J., S. E. Ford & H. H. Haskin. 1988b. Effects of the parasite MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) on oyster (Crassostrea virginica) energy metabolism. II. Tissue biochemical composition. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 91A:603-608.
8. Bishop, S. H., L. L. Ellis & J. M. Burcham. 1983. Amino acid metabolism in molluscs. In: K. M. Wilbur (Ser. Ed.) & P. W. Hochachka (Vol. Ed.). The Mollusca (2nd edition), vol. 1. Academic Press, Inc., New York. pp. 243-327.
9. Borrero, F. J. & T. J. Hilbish. 1988. Temporal variation in shell and soft tissue growth of the mussel Geukensia demissa. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 42:9-15.
10. Brown, B. L., A. J. Butt & K. T. Paynter. 1994. Performance variation among native and selectively-bred eastern oyster strains in North Carolina. J. Shellfish Res. 13:292.
11. Burreson, E. M. 1991. Effects of Perkinsus marinus infection in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica: I. Susceptibility of native and MSX-resistant stocks. J. Shellfish Res. 10:417-423.
12. Burreson, E. M. & J. D. Andrews. 1988. Unusual intensification of Chesapeake Bay oyster diseases during recent drought conditions. Oceans 88 Proc. Vol. 3:799-802. IEEE Cat. No. 88-CH2585-8.
13. Bushek, D. & S. K. Allen, Jr. 1996. Races of Perkinsus marinus. J. Shellfish Res. 15:103-107.
14. Chu, F. E. & J. F. La Peyre. 1993a. Development of disease caused by the parasite, Perkinsus marinus and defense-related hemolymph factors in three populations of oysters from the Chesapeake Bay, USA. J. Shellfish Res. 12:21-27.
15. Chu, F. E. & J. F. La Peyre. 1993b. Perkinsus marinus susceptibility and defense-related activities in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica: temperature effects. Dis. Aquat. Org. 16:223-234.
16. Chu, F. E., J. F. La Peyre & C. S. Burreson. 1993. Perkinsus marinus infection and potential defense-related activities in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica: salinity effects. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 62:226-232.
17. Cox, C. & R. Mann. 1992. Temporal and spatial changes in fecundity of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791), in the James River, Virginia. J. Shellfish Res. 11:49-54.
18. Craig, A., E. N. Powell, R. R. Fay & J. M. Brooks. 1989. Distribution of Perkinsus marinus in Gulf coast oyster populations. Estuaries 12:82-91.
19. Crosby, M. P. & C. F. Roberts. 1990. Seasonal infection intensity cycle of the parasite Perkinsus marinus (and an absence of Haplosporidium spp.) in oysters from a South Carolina salt marsh. Dis. Aquat. Org. 9:149-155.
20. Dittman, D. E. 1993. The quantitative effects of Perkinsus marinus on reproduction and condition in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. J. Shellfish Res. 12:127.
21. Dwyer, J. J. & L. E. Burnett. 1996. Acid-base status of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, in response to air exposure and to infections by Perkinsus marinus. Biol. Bull. 190:139-147.
22. Ford, S. E. 1992. Avoiding the transmission of disease in commercial culture of molluscs, with special reference to Perkinsus marinus (Dermo) and Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). J. Shellfish Res. 11: 539-546.
23. Ford S. E. & A. J. Figueras. 1988. Effects of sublethal infection by the parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX) on gametogenesis, spawning, and sex ratios of oysters in Delaware Bay, USA. Dis. Aquat. Org. 4:121-133.
24. Ford, S. E., A. J. Figueras & H. H. Haskin. 1990. Influence of selective breeding, geographic origin, and disease on gametogenesis and sex ratios of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, exposed to the parasite Haplosporidium nelsoni (MSX). Aquaculture 88:285-301.
25. Gauthier, J. D., T. M. Soniat & J. S. Rogers. 1990. A parasitological survey of oysters along salinity gradients in coastal Louisiana. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 21:105-115.
26. Hammen, C. S. 1980. Marine Invertebrates: Comparative Physiology. University Press of New England, Hanover, New Hampshire. 127 pp.
27. Hilbish, T. J. 1986. Growth trajectories of shell and soft tissues in bivalves: seasonal variation in Mytilus edulis L. J. Exp. Biol. Ecol. 96:103-113.
28. Kennedy, V. S., R. I. E. Newell, G. E. Krantz & S. Otto. 1995. Reproductive capacity of the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, infected with the parasite Perkinsus marinus. Dis. Aquat. Org. 23:135-144.
29. La Peyre, J. F. 1996. Propagation and in vitro studies of Perkinsus marinus. J. Shellfish Res. 15:89-101.
30. Lynch, M. P. & L. Wood. 1966. Effects of environmental salinity on free amino acids of Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 19:783-790.
31. MacKiernan, G. B. 1987. Dissolved Oxygen in the Chesapeake Bay: Processes and Effects. Maryland Sea Grant College, College Park, Maryland. 177 pp.
32. Mackin, J. G. 1962. Oyster diseases caused by Dermocystidium marinum and other microorganisms in Louisiana. Publ. Inst. Mar. Sci. Univ. Tex. 7:132-229.
33. Mackin, J. G. & S. M. Ray. 1954. Studies on the effect of infection by Dermocystidium marinum on ciliary action in oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Proc. Natl. Shellfish Assoc. 45:168-181.
34. Menzel, R. W. & S. H. Hopkins. 1955. The growth of oysters parasitized by the fungus Dermocystidium marinum and by the trematode Bucephalus cuculus. J. Parasitol. 41:333-342.
35. Newell, R. I. E. 1985. Sublethal physiological effects of the parasite MSX (Haplosporidium nelsoni) on the oyster Crassostrea virginica. J. Shellfish Res. 5:91-95.
36. Newell, R. I. E. & B. J. Barber. 1988. A physiological approach to the study of bivalve molluscan diseases. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. 18:269-285.
37. Newell, R. I. E., K. T. Paynter & E. M. Burreson. 1994. Physiological effects of protozoan parasitism on the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica: feeding and metabolism. J. Shellfish Res. 13:294.
38. Paynter, K. T., Jr. & E. M. Burreson. 1991. Effects of Perkinsus marinus infection in the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica II. Disease development and impact on growth rate at different salinities. J. Shellfish Res. 10:425-431.
39. Paynter, K. T., L. L. Ellis & S. H. Bishop. 1984. Cellular location and partial characterization of alanine aminotransferase from ribbed mussel gill tissue. J. Exp. Zool. 232:51-58.
40. Paynter, K. T., S. K. Pierce & E. M. Burreson. 1995. Free amino acid levels in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, infected with Perkinsus marinus. Mar. Biol. 122:67-72.
41. 2+-activated volume recovery mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 52:27-42.
42. Pierce, S. K., L. M. Rowland-Faux & S. M. O'Brien. 1992. Different salinity tolerance mechanisms in Atlantic and Chesapeake Bay conspecific oysters: glycine betaine and amino acid pool variations. Mar. Biol. 113:107-113.
43. Pierce, S. K., L. M. Rowland-Faux & B. Crombie. 1995. The mechanism of glycine betaine regulation in response to hyperosmotic stress in oyster mitochondria: a comparative study of Atlantic and Chesapeake Bay oysters. J. Exp. Zool. 271:161-170.
44. Ragone Calvo, L. M. & E. M. Burreson. 1994. Characterization of over-wintering infections of Perkinsus marinus (Apicomplexa) in Chesapeake Bay oysters. J. Shellfish Res. 13:123-130.
45. Ray, S. M., J. G. Mackin & J. L. Boswell. 1953. Quantitative measurement of the effect on oysters of disease caused by Dermocystidium marinum. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 3:6-33.
46. Smith, G. F. & S. J. Jordan. 1992. Monitoring Maryland's Chesapeake Bay oysters - A Comprehensive Characterization of Modified Fall Survey Results 1990-1991. Maryland Dept. Nat. Resources CBRM-OX-93-3.
47. Soniat, T. M. & M. L. Koenig. 1982. The effects of parasitism by Perkinsus marinus on the free amino acid composition of Crassostrea virginica mantle tissue. J. Shellfish Res. 2:25-28.
48. Volety, A. K. & F. E. Chu. 1994. Comparison of infectivity and pathogenicity of meront (trophozoite) and prezoosporangia stages of the oyster pathogen Perkinsus marinus in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791). J. Shellfish Res. 13:521-527.
49. Yancey, P. H., M. E. Clack, S. C. Hand, R. D. Bowlus & G. N. Somero. 1982. Living with salt stress: evolution of osmolyte systems. Science 217:1214-1222.