Science and the book in modern cultural historiography

Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A

Volumn 29, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 167-194

  Johns, Adrian ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000232730     PISSN: 00393681     EISSN: 18792510     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0039-3681(98)00004-1     Document Type: Article

References (211)

1. His most substantial submission to the Mail, a discussion of hypnotism, was never printed, and has since vanished altogether. J. Conrad (ed. F. R. Karl and L. Davies), Collected Letters, 5 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983), IV, 218, 349-350, 355.
2. For a sophisticated account of the movement, the homogeneity of which has sometimes been exaggerated, see P. Carrard's excellent Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Introductions include P. Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The 'Annales' School 1929-1989 (Cambridge: Polity, 1990), T. Stoianovich, French Historical Method: The 'Annales' Paradigm (Ithaca; Cornell University Press, 1976), H. Coutau-Begarie, Le Phenomene 'nouvelle histoire': strategie et ideologie des nouveaux historiens (Paris: Economica, 1983), and G. G. Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975), 43-79.
3. For a sophisticated account of the movement, the homogeneity of which has sometimes been exaggerated, see P. Carrard's excellent Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Introductions include P. Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The 'Annales' School 1929-1989 (Cambridge: Polity, 1990), T. Stoianovich, French Historical Method: The 'Annales' Paradigm (Ithaca; Cornell University Press, 1976), H. Coutau-Begarie, Le Phenomene 'nouvelle histoire': strategie et ideologie des nouveaux historiens (Paris: Economica, 1983), and G. G. Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975), 43-79.
4. For a sophisticated account of the movement, the homogeneity of which has sometimes been exaggerated, see P. Carrard's excellent Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Introductions include P. Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The 'Annales' School 1929-1989 (Cambridge: Polity, 1990), T. Stoianovich, French Historical Method: The 'Annales' Paradigm (Ithaca; Cornell University Press, 1976), H. Coutau-Begarie, Le Phenomene 'nouvelle histoire': strategie et ideologie des nouveaux historiens (Paris: Economica, 1983), and G. G. Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975), 43-79.
5. For a sophisticated account of the movement, the homogeneity of which has sometimes been exaggerated, see P. Carrard's excellent Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Introductions include P. Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The 'Annales' School 1929-1989 (Cambridge: Polity, 1990), T. Stoianovich, French Historical Method: The 'Annales' Paradigm (Ithaca; Cornell University Press, 1976), H. Coutau-Begarie, Le Phenomene 'nouvelle histoire': strategie et ideologie des nouveaux historiens (Paris: Economica, 1983), and G. G. Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975), 43-79.
6. For a sophisticated account of the movement, the homogeneity of which has sometimes been exaggerated, see P. Carrard's excellent Poetics of the New History: French Historical Discourse from Braudel to Chartier (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992). Introductions include P. Burke, The French Historical Revolution: The 'Annales' School 1929-1989 (Cambridge: Polity, 1990), T. Stoianovich, French Historical Method: The 'Annales' Paradigm (Ithaca; Cornell University Press, 1976), H. Coutau-Begarie, Le Phenomene 'nouvelle histoire': strategie et ideologie des nouveaux historiens (Paris: Economica, 1983), and G. G. Iggers, New Directions in European Historiography (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 1975), 43-79.
7. R. Chartier, Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity, 1988), 2-5, 21-27; P. Bourdieu, R. Chartier and R. Darnton, 'Dialogue a propos de l'histoire culturelle', Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 59 (1985), 86-93, esp. 88-89. A contemporary critical appraisal of the concept of mentalite is P. H. Hutton's 'The History of Mentalities: The New Map of Cultural History', History and Theory 20 (1981), 237-259.
8. R. Chartier, Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity, 1988), 2-5, 21-27; P. Bourdieu, R. Chartier and R. Darnton, 'Dialogue a propos de l'histoire culturelle', Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 59 (1985), 86-93, esp. 88-89. A contemporary critical appraisal of the concept of mentalite is P. H. Hutton's 'The History of Mentalities: The New Map of Cultural History', History and Theory 20 (1981), 237-259.
9. R. Chartier, Cultural History: Between Practices and Representations, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity, 1988), 2-5, 21-27; P. Bourdieu, R. Chartier and R. Darnton, 'Dialogue a propos de l'histoire culturelle', Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 59 (1985), 86-93, esp. 88-89. A contemporary critical appraisal of the concept of mentalite is P. H. Hutton's 'The History of Mentalities: The New Map of Cultural History', History and Theory 20 (1981), 237-259.
10. P. Chaunu, 'Un Nouveau champ pour l'histoire serielle: le quantitatif au troisieme niveau', in Chaunu, Histoire quantitative, histoire serielle (Paris: Colin, 1978), 216-230 (1st edn 1972). For outillage mentale, see L. Febvre, Le Probleme de l'incroyance au 16e siecle: la religion de Rabelais (Paris: A. Michel, 1942), trans. as The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century: The Religion of Rabelais (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
11. P. Chaunu, 'Un Nouveau champ pour l'histoire serielle: le quantitatif au troisieme niveau', in Chaunu, Histoire quantitative, histoire serielle (Paris: Colin, 1978), 216-230 (1st edn 1972). For outillage mentale, see L. Febvre, Le Probleme de l'incroyance au 16e siecle: la religion de Rabelais (Paris: A. Michel, 1942), trans. as The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century: The Religion of Rabelais (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
12. P. Chaunu, 'Un Nouveau champ pour l'histoire serielle: le quantitatif au troisieme niveau', in Chaunu, Histoire quantitative, histoire serielle (Paris: Colin, 1978), 216-230 (1st edn 1972). For outillage mentale, see L. Febvre, Le Probleme de l'incroyance au 16e siecle: la religion de Rabelais (Paris: A. Michel, 1942), trans. as The Problem of Unbelief in the Sixteenth Century: The Religion of Rabelais (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982).
13. R. Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre, and other Episodes in French Cultural History (New York: Basic Books, 1984), 257-263; R. Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', Annales E.S.C. 44 (1989), 1505-1520, esp. 1505-1508 (the whole issue was devoted to discussion of these themes); Chartier, Cultural History, 2-4, 29-30, 95-96; Chartier, 'History between Narrative and Knowledge', in his On the Edge of the Cliff: History, Language, and Practices (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 13-27. See also 'Histoire et sciences sociales: un tournant critique?' Annales E.S.C. 43 (1988), 291-293.
14. R. Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre, and other Episodes in French Cultural History (New York: Basic Books, 1984), 257-263; R. Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', Annales E.S.C. 44 (1989), 1505-1520, esp. 1505-1508 (the whole issue was devoted to discussion of these themes); Chartier, Cultural History, 2-4, 29-30, 95-96; Chartier, 'History between Narrative and Knowledge', in his On the Edge of the Cliff: History, Language, and Practices (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 13-27. See also 'Histoire et sciences sociales: un tournant critique?' Annales E.S.C. 43 (1988), 291-293.
15. R. Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre, and other Episodes in French Cultural History (New York: Basic Books, 1984), 257-263; R. Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', Annales E.S.C. 44 (1989), 1505-1520, esp. 1505-1508 (the whole issue was devoted to discussion of these themes); Chartier, Cultural History, 2-4, 29-30, 95-96; Chartier, 'History between Narrative and Knowledge', in his On the Edge of the Cliff: History, Language, and Practices (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 13-27. See also 'Histoire et sciences sociales: un tournant critique?' Annales E.S.C. 43 (1988), 291-293.
16. R. Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre, and other Episodes in French Cultural History (New York: Basic Books, 1984), 257-263; R. Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', Annales E.S.C. 44 (1989), 1505-1520, esp. 1505-1508 (the whole issue was devoted to discussion of these themes); Chartier, Cultural History, 2-4, 29-30, 95-96; Chartier, 'History between Narrative and Knowledge', in his On the Edge of the Cliff: History, Language, and Practices (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 13-27. See also 'Histoire et sciences sociales: un tournant critique?' Annales E.S.C. 43 (1988), 291-293.
17. R. Darnton, The Great Cat Massacre, and other Episodes in French Cultural History (New York: Basic Books, 1984), 257-263; R. Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', Annales E.S.C. 44 (1989), 1505-1520, esp. 1505-1508 (the whole issue was devoted to discussion of these themes); Chartier, Cultural History, 2-4, 29-30, 95-96; Chartier, 'History between Narrative and Knowledge', in his On the Edge of the Cliff: History, Language, and Practices (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 13-27. See also 'Histoire et sciences sociales: un tournant critique?' Annales E.S.C. 43 (1988), 291-293.
18. The classic work on this subject is E. H. Kantorowicz, The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957). See also L. Marin, Portrait of the King (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988), and Chartier, 'The Powers and Limits of Representation', in On the Edge of the Cliff, 90-103.
19. The classic work on this subject is E. H. Kantorowicz, The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957). See also L. Marin, Portrait of the King (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988), and Chartier, 'The Powers and Limits of Representation', in On the Edge of the Cliff, 90-103.
20. The classic work on this subject is E. H. Kantorowicz, The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Medieval Political Theology (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957). See also L. Marin, Portrait of the King (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988), and Chartier, 'The Powers and Limits of Representation', in On the Edge of the Cliff, 90-103.
21. Chartier, Cultural History, 5-8; C. Ginzburg, 'Representation: le mot, l'idee, la chose', Annales E.S.C. 46 (1991), 1219-1234; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France (trans. L. G. Cochrane. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987), 3-12, esp. 11; L. Hunt, 'Introduction', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 1-22, esp. 7.
22. Chartier, Cultural History, 5-8; C. Ginzburg, 'Representation: le mot, l'idee, la chose', Annales E.S.C. 46 (1991), 1219-1234; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France (trans. L. G. Cochrane. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987), 3-12, esp. 11; L. Hunt, 'Introduction', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 1-22, esp. 7.
23. Chartier, Cultural History, 5-8; C. Ginzburg, 'Representation: le mot, l'idee, la chose', Annales E.S.C. 46 (1991), 1219-1234; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France (trans. L. G. Cochrane. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987), 3-12, esp. 11; L. Hunt, 'Introduction', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 1-22, esp. 7.
24. Chartier, Cultural History, 5-8; C. Ginzburg, 'Representation: le mot, l'idee, la chose', Annales E.S.C. 46 (1991), 1219-1234; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, The Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France (trans. L. G. Cochrane. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987), 3-12, esp. 11; L. Hunt, 'Introduction', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 1-22, esp. 7.
25. R. Chartier, 'The Two Frances: The History of a Geographical Idea', in Chartier, Cultural History, 172-200; A. Burguiere and J. Revel (eds), Histoire de la France: I. l'espace français (Paris: Seuil, 1989), 542-543. Compare also J. Revel, 'Knowledge of the Territory', Science in Context 4 (1991), 133-161; Chartier, Cultural History 5, 9-10, 44; P. Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, trans. R. Nice (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 466-484; P. Burke, 'Strengths and Weaknesses of the History of Mentalities', History of European Ideas 7 (1986), 439-451, esp. 443-444.
26. R. Chartier, 'The Two Frances: The History of a Geographical Idea', in Chartier, Cultural History, 172-200; A. Burguiere and J. Revel (eds), Histoire de la France: I. l'espace français (Paris: Seuil, 1989), 542-543. Compare also J. Revel, 'Knowledge of the Territory', Science in Context 4 (1991), 133-161; Chartier, Cultural History 5, 9-10, 44; P. Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, trans. R. Nice (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 466-484; P. Burke, 'Strengths and Weaknesses of the History of Mentalities', History of European Ideas 7 (1986), 439-451, esp. 443-444.
27. R. Chartier, 'The Two Frances: The History of a Geographical Idea', in Chartier, Cultural History, 172-200; A. Burguiere and J. Revel (eds), Histoire de la France: I. l'espace français (Paris: Seuil, 1989), 542-543. Compare also J. Revel, 'Knowledge of the Territory', Science in Context 4 (1991), 133-161; Chartier, Cultural History 5, 9-10, 44; P. Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, trans. R. Nice (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 466-484; P. Burke, 'Strengths and Weaknesses of the History of Mentalities', History of European Ideas 7 (1986), 439-451, esp. 443-444.
28. R. Chartier, 'The Two Frances: The History of a Geographical Idea', in Chartier, Cultural History, 172-200; A. Burguiere and J. Revel (eds), Histoire de la France: I. l'espace français (Paris: Seuil, 1989), 542-543. Compare also J. Revel, 'Knowledge of the Territory', Science in Context 4 (1991), 133-161; Chartier, Cultural History 5, 9-10, 44; P. Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, trans. R. Nice (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 466-484; P. Burke, 'Strengths and Weaknesses of the History of Mentalities', History of European Ideas 7 (1986), 439-451, esp. 443-444.
29. R. Chartier, 'The Two Frances: The History of a Geographical Idea', in Chartier, Cultural History, 172-200; A. Burguiere and J. Revel (eds), Histoire de la France: I. l'espace français (Paris: Seuil, 1989), 542-543. Compare also J. Revel, 'Knowledge of the Territory', Science in Context 4 (1991), 133-161; Chartier, Cultural History 5, 9-10, 44; P. Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, trans. R. Nice (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 466-484; P. Burke, 'Strengths and Weaknesses of the History of Mentalities', History of European Ideas 7 (1986), 439-451, esp. 443-444.
30. R. Chartier, 'The Two Frances: The History of a Geographical Idea', in Chartier, Cultural History, 172-200; A. Burguiere and J. Revel (eds), Histoire de la France: I. l'espace français (Paris: Seuil, 1989), 542-543. Compare also J. Revel, 'Knowledge of the Territory', Science in Context 4 (1991), 133-161; Chartier, Cultural History 5, 9-10, 44; P. Bourdieu, Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste, trans. R. Nice (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984), 466-484; P. Burke, 'Strengths and Weaknesses of the History of Mentalities', History of European Ideas 7 (1986), 439-451, esp. 443-444.
31. Chartier, Cultural History 9, 35-36, 45-46; Bourdieu, Chartier and Darnton, 'Dialogue', 90; Darnton, 'History and Anthropology', in Darnton, The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in Cultural History (London: Faber and Faber, 1990), 329-353. Compare also R. Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple? Les modeles epistolaires de l'ancien regime entre litterature de cour et livre de colportage', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance: les usages de la lettre au XIXe siecle (Paris: Fayard, 1991), 159-207, esp. 161-162, and Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516.
32. Chartier, Cultural History 9, 35-36, 45-46; Bourdieu, Chartier and Darnton, 'Dialogue', 90; Darnton, 'History and Anthropology', in Darnton, The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in Cultural History (London: Faber and Faber, 1990), 329-353. Compare also R. Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple? Les modeles epistolaires de l'ancien regime entre litterature de cour et livre de colportage', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance: les usages de la lettre au XIXe siecle (Paris: Fayard, 1991), 159-207, esp. 161-162, and Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516.
33. Chartier, Cultural History 9, 35-36, 45-46; Bourdieu, Chartier and Darnton, 'Dialogue', 90; Darnton, 'History and Anthropology', in Darnton, The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in Cultural History (London: Faber and Faber, 1990), 329-353. Compare also R. Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple? Les modeles epistolaires de l'ancien regime entre litterature de cour et livre de colportage', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance: les usages de la lettre au XIXe siecle (Paris: Fayard, 1991), 159-207, esp. 161-162, and Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516.
34. Chartier, Cultural History 9, 35-36, 45-46; Bourdieu, Chartier and Darnton, 'Dialogue', 90; Darnton, 'History and Anthropology', in Darnton, The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in Cultural History (London: Faber and Faber, 1990), 329-353. Compare also R. Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple? Les modeles epistolaires de l'ancien regime entre litterature de cour et livre de colportage', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance: les usages de la lettre au XIXe siecle (Paris: Fayard, 1991), 159-207, esp. 161-162, and Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516.
35. Chartier, Cultural History 9, 35-36, 45-46; Bourdieu, Chartier and Darnton, 'Dialogue', 90; Darnton, 'History and Anthropology', in Darnton, The Kiss of Lamourette: Reflections in Cultural History (London: Faber and Faber, 1990), 329-353. Compare also R. Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple? Les modeles epistolaires de l'ancien regime entre litterature de cour et livre de colportage', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance: les usages de la lettre au XIXe siecle (Paris: Fayard, 1991), 159-207, esp. 161-162, and Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516.
36. H.-J. Martin, 'L'Edition parisienne au XVIIe siecle: quelques aspects economiques', Annales E.S.C. 7 (1952), 303-318; reprinted in Martin, Le Livre français sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Promodis, 1987), 43-54; footnote on 271-272; L. Febvre and H.-J. Martin, L'Apparition du livre (Paris: Albin Michel, 1958; trans. D. Gerard as The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450-1800, London: Verso, 1984). Martin's most recent works are H.-J. Martin (trans. L. G. Cochrane), The History and Power of Writing (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994), and H.-J. Martin (trans. P. and N. Saenger). The French Book: Religion, Absolutism and Readership, 1585-1715 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
37. H.-J. Martin, 'L'Edition parisienne au XVIIe siecle: quelques aspects economiques', Annales E.S.C. 7 (1952), 303-318; reprinted in Martin, Le Livre français sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Promodis, 1987), 43-54; footnote on 271-272; L. Febvre and H.-J. Martin, L'Apparition du livre (Paris: Albin Michel, 1958; trans. D. Gerard as The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450-1800, London: Verso, 1984). Martin's most recent works are H.-J. Martin (trans. L. G. Cochrane), The History and Power of Writing (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994), and H.-J. Martin (trans. P. and N. Saenger). The French Book: Religion, Absolutism and Readership, 1585-1715 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996)
38. H.-J. Martin, 'L'Edition parisienne au XVIIe siecle: quelques aspects economiques', Annales E.S.C. 7 (1952), 303-318; reprinted in Martin, Le Livre français sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Promodis, 1987), 43-54; footnote on 271-272; L. Febvre and H.-J. Martin, L'Apparition du livre (Paris: Albin Michel, 1958; trans. D. Gerard as The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450-1800, London: Verso, 1984). Martin's most recent works are H.-J. Martin (trans. L. G. Cochrane), The History and Power of Writing (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994), and H.-J. Martin (trans. P. and N. Saenger). The French Book: Religion, Absolutism and Readership, 1585-1715 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996)
39. H.-J. Martin, 'L'Edition parisienne au XVIIe siecle: quelques aspects economiques', Annales E.S.C. 7 (1952), 303-318; reprinted in Martin, Le Livre français sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Promodis, 1987), 43-54; footnote on 271-272; L. Febvre and H.-J. Martin, L'Apparition du livre (Paris: Albin Michel, 1958; trans. D. Gerard as The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450-1800, London: Verso, 1984). Martin's most recent works are H.-J. Martin (trans. L. G. Cochrane), The History and Power of Writing (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994), and H.-J. Martin (trans. P. and N. Saenger). The French Book: Religion, Absolutism and Readership, 1585-1715 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996)
40. H.-J. Martin, 'L'Edition parisienne au XVIIe siecle: quelques aspects economiques', Annales E.S.C. 7 (1952), 303-318; reprinted in Martin, Le Livre français sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Promodis, 1987), 43-54; footnote on 271-272; L. Febvre and H.-J. Martin, L'Apparition du livre (Paris: Albin Michel, 1958; trans. D. Gerard as The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450-1800, London: Verso, 1984). Martin's most recent works are H.-J. Martin (trans. L. G. Cochrane), The History and Power of Writing (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994), and H.-J. Martin (trans. P. and N. Saenger). The French Book: Religion, Absolutism and Readership, 1585-1715 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996)
41. H.-J. Martin, 'L'Edition parisienne au XVIIe siecle: quelques aspects economiques', Annales E.S.C. 7 (1952), 303-318; reprinted in Martin, Le Livre français sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Promodis, 1987), 43-54; footnote on 271-272; L. Febvre and H.-J. Martin, L'Apparition du livre (Paris: Albin Michel, 1958; trans. D. Gerard as The Coming of the Book: The Impact of Printing 1450-1800, London: Verso, 1984). Martin's most recent works are H.-J. Martin (trans. L. G. Cochrane), The History and Power of Writing (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994), and H.-J. Martin (trans. P. and N. Saenger), The French Book: Religion, Absolutism and Readership, 1585-1715 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996).
42. Febvre and Martin, Coming of the Book, 248-249.
43. R. Chartier, 'Postface', in Chartier and H.-J. Martin (eds), L'Histoire de l'edition française, 4 vols, 2nd edition (Paris: Fayard, 1989-91), IV, 621-641, esp. 624-625.
44. H.-J. Martin, 'Culture ecrite et culture orale: culture savante et culture populaire', in Martin, Le Livre français, 149-186. The essential work is R. Mandrou, De la culture populaire aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siecles: la bibliotheque bleue de Troyes (Paris: Stock, 1964). A brief bibliography is in R. Chartier, 'The Bibliotheque bleue and Popular Reading', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 240-264, esp. 263-264.
45. H.-J. Martin, 'Culture ecrite et culture orale: culture savante et culture populaire', in Martin, Le Livre français, 149-186. The essential work is R. Mandrou, De la culture populaire aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siecles: la bibliotheque bleue de Troyes (Paris: Stock, 1964). A brief bibliography is in R. Chartier, 'The Bibliotheque bleue and Popular Reading', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 240-264, esp. 263-264.
46. H.-J. Martin, 'Culture ecrite et culture orale: culture savante et culture populaire', in Martin, Le Livre français, 149-186. The essential work is R. Mandrou, De la culture populaire aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siecles: la bibliotheque bleue de Troyes (Paris: Stock, 1964). A brief bibliography is in R. Chartier, 'The Bibliotheque bleue and Popular Reading', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 240-264, esp. 263-264.
47. R. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies and what the People Read, 1530-1660', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 145-182, esp. 145-152, 155-160; originally published as 'Strategies editoriales et lecteurs populaires (1530-1660)', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 698-721; R. Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation: Popular Cultural Uses in Early Modern France', in S. L. Kaplan (ed.), Understanding Popular Culture: Europe from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century (Berlin: Mouton, 1984), 229-253, esp. 231-232, 250-251; R. Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices, 1660-1780', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 183-239, esp. 192-195; R. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture (Paris: Editions Rivages, 1985), 62-88, esp. 67-68, 76-77.
48. R. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies and what the People Read, 1530-1660', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 145-182, esp. 145-152, 155-160; originally published as 'Strategies editoriales et lecteurs populaires (1530-1660)', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 698-721; R. Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation: Popular Cultural Uses in Early Modern France', in S. L. Kaplan (ed.), Understanding Popular Culture: Europe from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century (Berlin: Mouton, 1984), 229-253, esp. 231-232, 250-251; R. Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices, 1660-1780', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 183-239, esp. 192-195; R. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture (Paris: Editions Rivages, 1985), 62-88, esp. 67-68, 76-77.
49. R. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies and what the People Read, 1530-1660', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 145-182, esp. 145-152, 155-160; originally published as 'Strategies editoriales et lecteurs populaires (1530-1660)', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 698-721; R. Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation: Popular Cultural Uses in Early Modern France', in S. L. Kaplan (ed.), Understanding Popular Culture: Europe from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century (Berlin: Mouton, 1984), 229-253, esp. 231-232, 250-251; R. Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices, 1660-1780', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 183-239, esp. 192-195; R. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture (Paris: Editions Rivages, 1985), 62-88, esp. 67-68, 76-77.
50. R. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies and what the People Read, 1530-1660', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 145-182, esp. 145-152, 155-160; originally published as 'Strategies editoriales et lecteurs populaires (1530-1660)', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 698-721; R. Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation: Popular Cultural Uses in Early Modern France', in S. L. Kaplan (ed.), Understanding Popular Culture: Europe from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century (Berlin: Mouton, 1984), 229-253, esp. 231-232, 250-251; R. Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices, 1660-1780', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 183-239, esp. 192-195; R. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture (Paris: Editions Rivages, 1985), 62-88, esp. 67-68, 76-77.
51. R. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies and what the People Read, 1530-1660', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 145-182, esp. 145-152, 155-160; originally published as 'Strategies editoriales et lecteurs populaires (1530-1660)', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 698-721; R. Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation: Popular Cultural Uses in Early Modern France', in S. L. Kaplan (ed.), Understanding Popular Culture: Europe from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century (Berlin: Mouton, 1984), 229-253, esp. 231-232, 250-251; R. Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices, 1660-1780', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 183-239, esp. 192-195; R. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture (Paris: Editions Rivages, 1985), 62-88, esp. 67-68, 76-77.
52. R. Chartier, The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994), 16-19; R. Chartier, 'The Practical Impact of Writing', in Chartier (ed.), A History of Private Life. III: Passions of the Renaissance, trans. A. Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989), 110-159, esp. 126; Chartier, 'Postface', 626; R. Chartier, 'General Introduction: Print Culture', in Chartier (ed.), The Culture of Print: Power and the Uses of Print in Early Modern Europe, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity, 1989), 1-10, esp. 1-2. An excellent example of a genre traversing (but not without change) the invention of the press is that of books of secrets, as analysed in W. Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Early Modern Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
53. R. Chartier, The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994), 16-19; R. Chartier, 'The Practical Impact of Writing', in Chartier (ed.), A History of Private Life. III: Passions of the Renaissance, trans. A. Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989), 110-159, esp. 126; Chartier, 'Postface', 626; R. Chartier, 'General Introduction: Print Culture', in Chartier (ed.), The Culture of Print: Power and the Uses of Print in Early Modern Europe, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity, 1989), 1-10, esp. 1-2. An excellent example of a genre traversing (but not without change) the invention of the press is that of books of secrets, as analysed in W. Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Early Modern Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
54. R. Chartier, The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994), 16-19; R. Chartier, 'The Practical Impact of Writing', in Chartier (ed.), A History of Private Life. III: Passions of the Renaissance, trans. A. Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989), 110-159, esp. 126; Chartier, 'Postface', 626; R. Chartier, 'General Introduction: Print Culture', in Chartier (ed.), The Culture of Print: Power and the Uses of Print in Early Modern Europe, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity, 1989), 1-10, esp. 1-2. An excellent example of a genre traversing (but not without change) the invention of the press is that of books of secrets, as analysed in W. Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Early Modern Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
55. R. Chartier, The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994), 16-19; R. Chartier, 'The Practical Impact of Writing', in Chartier (ed.), A History of Private Life. III: Passions of the Renaissance, trans. A. Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989), 110-159, esp. 126; Chartier, 'Postface', 626; R. Chartier, 'General Introduction: Print Culture', in Chartier (ed.), The Culture of Print: Power and the Uses of Print in Early Modern Europe, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity, 1989), 1-10, esp. 1-2. An excellent example of a genre traversing (but not without change) the invention of the press is that of books of secrets, as analysed in W. Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Early Modern Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
56. R. Chartier, The Order of Books: Readers, Authors, and Libraries in Europe between the Fourteenth and Eighteenth Centuries, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994), 16-19; R. Chartier, 'The Practical Impact of Writing', in Chartier (ed.), A History of Private Life. III: Passions of the Renaissance, trans. A. Goldhammer (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989), 110-159, esp. 126; Chartier, 'Postface', 626; R. Chartier, 'General Introduction: Print Culture', in Chartier (ed.), The Culture of Print: Power and the Uses of Print in Early Modern Europe, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Cambridge: Polity, 1989), 1-10, esp. 1-2. An excellent example of a genre traversing (but not without change) the invention of the press is that of books of secrets, as analysed in W. Eamon, Science and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Early Modern Culture (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994).
57. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
58. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
59. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
60. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
61. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
62. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
63. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
64. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
65. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
66. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
67. N. Elias, The Civilizing Process, trans. E. Jephcott, 2 vols (New York: Pantheon, 1978), esp. I, 51-217; Elias, The Society of Individuals, ed. M. Schroter, trans. E. Jephcott (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991); R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier (ed.), History of Private Life. III, 163-165, esp. 163; Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 107-143; Chartier, Cultural History, 71-94; Chartier, 'Postface', 636-637; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1514-1516; Hutton, 'History of Mentalities', 247-251; R. Muchembled, L'Invention de l'homme moderne: sensibilites, moeurs et comportements collectifs sous l'ancien regime (Paris: Fayard, 1988), esp. 10-11, 231-232, 239-259. For uses of civility handbooks in the history of science, see M. Biagioli, Galileo Courtier: The Practice of Science in the Culture of Absolutism (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1993), and S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); the latter includes an unusually nuanced discussion of the problems and possibilities involved in employing such materials.
68. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 180-182; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 10; J. Revel, 'The Uses of Civility,' in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 167-205; Chartier, 'Texts and Images: The Arts of Dying, 1450-1600', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 32-70; Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple?'; Chartier, 'From Texts to Manners: A Concept and its Books. Civilite between Aristocratic Distinction and Popular Appropriation', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 71-109.
69. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 180-182; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 10; J. Revel, 'The Uses of Civility,' in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 167-205; Chartier, 'Texts and Images: The Arts of Dying, 1450-1600', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 32-70; Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple?'; Chartier, 'From Texts to Manners: A Concept and its Books. Civilite between Aristocratic Distinction and Popular Appropriation', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 71-109.
70. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 180-182; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 10; J. Revel, 'The Uses of Civility,' in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 167-205; Chartier, 'Texts and Images: The Arts of Dying, 1450-1600', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 32-70; Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple?'; Chartier, 'From Texts to Manners: A Concept and its Books. Civilite between Aristocratic Distinction and Popular Appropriation', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 71-109.
71. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 180-182; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 10; J. Revel, 'The Uses of Civility,' in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 167-205; Chartier, 'Texts and Images: The Arts of Dying, 1450-1600', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 32-70; Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple?'; Chartier, 'From Texts to Manners: A Concept and its Books. Civilite between Aristocratic Distinction and Popular Appropriation', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 71-109.
72. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 180-182; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 10; J. Revel, 'The Uses of Civility,' in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 167-205; Chartier, 'Texts and Images: The Arts of Dying, 1450-1600', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 32-70; Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple?'; Chartier, 'From Texts to Manners: A Concept and its Books. Civilite between Aristocratic Distinction and Popular Appropriation', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 71-109.
73. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 180-182; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 10; J. Revel, 'The Uses of Civility,' in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 167-205; Chartier, 'Texts and Images: The Arts of Dying, 1450-1600', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 32-70; Chartier, 'Des "Secretaires" pour le peuple?'; Chartier, 'From Texts to Manners: A Concept and its Books. Civilite between Aristocratic Distinction and Popular Appropriation', in Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 71-109.
74. Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 3-12; Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation', 230, 232-233; Chartier, Cultural History, 38-39. See also J. Revel, 'Forms of Expertise: Intellectuals and "Popular" Culture in France (1650-1800)', in Kaplan, Understanding Popular Culture, 255-273.
75. Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 3-12; Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation', 230, 232-233; Chartier, Cultural History, 38-39. See also J. Revel, 'Forms of Expertise: Intellectuals and "Popular" Culture in France (1650-1800)', in Kaplan, Understanding Popular Culture, 255-273.
76. Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 3-12; Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation', 230, 232-233; Chartier, Cultural History, 38-39. See also J. Revel, 'Forms of Expertise: Intellectuals and "Popular" Culture in France (1650-1800)', in Kaplan, Understanding Popular Culture, 255-273.
77. Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 3-12; Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation', 230, 232-233; Chartier, Cultural History, 38-39. See also J. Revel, 'Forms of Expertise: Intellectuals and "Popular" Culture in France (1650-1800)', in Kaplan, Understanding Popular Culture, 255-273.
78. See A. Secord, 'Science in the Pub: Artisan Botanists in Early Nineteenth-Century Lancashire', History of Science 32 (1994), 269-315, for reflections on this notion and its origins in an English context. Perhaps the best concise summaries of Chartier's position are his 'Culture populaire', in A. Burguiere (ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences historiques (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1986), 174-179, and 'Popular Appropriations: The Readers and their Books', in R. Chartier, Forms and Meanings: Texts, Performances, and Audiences from Codex to Computer (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995), 83-97.
79. See A. Secord, 'Science in the Pub: Artisan Botanists in Early Nineteenth-Century Lancashire', History of Science 32 (1994), 269-315, for reflections on this notion and its origins in an English context. Perhaps the best concise summaries of Chartier's position are his 'Culture populaire', in A. Burguiere (ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences historiques (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1986), 174-179, and 'Popular Appropriations: The Readers and their Books', in R. Chartier, Forms and Meanings: Texts, Performances, and Audiences from Codex to Computer (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995), 83-97.
80. See A. Secord, 'Science in the Pub: Artisan Botanists in Early Nineteenth-Century Lancashire', History of Science 32 (1994), 269-315, for reflections on this notion and its origins in an English context. Perhaps the best concise summaries of Chartier's position are his 'Culture populaire', in A. Burguiere (ed.), Dictionnaire des sciences historiques (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1986), 174-179, and 'Popular Appropriations: The Readers and their Books', in R. Chartier, Forms and Meanings: Texts, Performances, and Audiences from Codex to Computer (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1995), 83-97.
81. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 83; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 189-192; 'The Bibliotheque bleue and Popular Reading', 242.
82. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 83; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 189-192; 'The Bibliotheque bleue and Popular Reading', 242.
83. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 83; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 189-192; 'The Bibliotheque bleue and Popular Reading', 242.
84. Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 145-182.
85. J. C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990); M. Shiach, Discourse on Popular Culture: Gender and History in Cultural Analysis, 1730 to the Present (Cambridge: Polity, 1989); W. Clark, 'The Scientific Revolution in the German Nations', in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in National Context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 90-114.
86. J. C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990); M. Shiach, Discourse on Popular Culture: Gender and History in Cultural Analysis, 1730 to the Present (Cambridge: Polity, 1989); W. Clark, 'The Scientific Revolution in the German Nations', in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in National Context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 90-114.
87. J. C. Scott, Domination and the Arts of Resistance: Hidden Transcripts (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990); M. Shiach, Discourse on Popular Culture: Gender and History in Cultural Analysis, 1730 to the Present (Cambridge: Polity, 1989); W. Clark, 'The Scientific Revolution in the German Nations', in R. Porter and M. Teich (eds), The Scientific Revolution in National Context (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 90-114.
88. Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 7, 9, 70; Chartier, Order of Books, vii-xi; Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation'. See also comments in Burke, French Historical Revolution, 77-78, 84-85, and Martin, Le Livre français, 247-259.
89. Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 7, 9, 70; Chartier, Order of Books, vii-xi; Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation'. See also comments in Burke, French Historical Revolution, 77-78, 84-85, and Martin, Le Livre français, 247-259.
90. Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 7, 9, 70; Chartier, Order of Books, vii-xi; Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation'. See also comments in Burke, French Historical Revolution, 77-78, 84-85, and Martin, Le Livre français, 247-259.
91. Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 7, 9, 70; Chartier, Order of Books, vii-xi; Chartier, 'Culture as Appropriation'. See also
92. Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 151-152; M. Fogel, Les Ceremonies de l'information dans la France du XVIe au XVIIIe siecle (Pans: Fayard, 1989).
93. Chartier, On the Edge of the Cliff, 151-152; M. Fogel, Les Ceremonies de l'information dans la France du XVIe au XVIIIe siecle (Pans: Fayard, 1989).
94. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995)
95. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
96. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
97. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
98. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
99. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
100. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
101. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
102. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
103. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
104. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
105. Chartier, The Order of Books, 1-3; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25; R. Chartier, The Cultural Origins of the French Revolution, trans. L. G. Cochrane (Durham: Duke University Press, 1991), 33-53, 89-90; Chartier, 'Practical Impact of Writing', 134-140; R. Chartier, 'Introduction', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 15-19, esp. 17; R. Chartier, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier (ed.), La Correspondance, 7-13, esp. 9. Compare M. Foisil, 'The Literature of Intimacy', in Chartier, History of Private Life. III, 327-361. For libraries, see Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 183-184, 200-202; R. Chartier (trans. C. Mossman), 'Leisure and Sociability: Reading Aloud in Early Modern Europe', in S. Zimmerman and R. F. E. Wiessman (eds), Urban Life in the Renaissance (London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1989), 103-120; R. Chartier, 'Pieces decousues', Le Monde, 11th September 1992, 30. For Dee, see W. H. Sherman, John Dee: The Politics of Reading and Writing in the English Renaissance (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1995). For distinctions in the founding of the public sphere, see A. Goldgar, Impolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680-1750 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).
106. Chartier, Cultural History, 33-34.
107. J. Raven, H. Small and N. Tadmor, 'Introduction: The Practice and Representation of Reading in England', in Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), The Practice and Representation of Reading in England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 1-21, esp. 2-4, and D. Simpson, 'Literary Criticism and the Return to "History"', Critical Inquiry 14 (1988), 721-747.
108. J. Raven, H. Small and N. Tadmor, 'Introduction: The Practice and Representation of Reading in England', in Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), The Practice and Representation of Reading in England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 1-21, esp. 2-4, and D. Simpson, 'Literary Criticism and the Return to "History"', Critical Inquiry 14 (1988), 721-747.
109. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
110. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
111. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
112. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
113. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
114. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
115. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
116. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
117. R. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings', in Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, 154-175; Chartier, The Order of Books, 16; Chartier, Culture of Print, 3; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 63; P. Bourdieu and R. Chartier, 'La Lecture: une pratique culturelle', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 218-239. Much of what Chartier says in justification of the history of reading could be interpreted as a special case of what Bourdieu has written of consumption in general: e.g. in Distinction, 99-101, 230-232. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture', in Martin, Le Livre français, 227-246, and R. Darnton, 'History of Reading', in P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing (Cambridge: Polity, 1991), 140-167. For the history of reading in Britain, see Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading.
118. Chartier, The Order of Books, 10-16; J. Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire? L'autodidaxie exemplaire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la Lecture, 24-60, esp. 25-26; D. Fabre, 'Le Livre et sa magie', in ibid., 182-206, esp. 191-192; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 6-7; Chartier, 'Postface', 624-625; Chartier, Culture of Print, 4-5; D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: British Library, 1985); H.-J. Martin and J. Vezin (eds), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit (Paris: Promodis, 1990).
119. Chartier, The Order of Books, 10-16; J. Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire? L'autodidaxie exemplaire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la Lecture, 24-60, esp. 25-26; D. Fabre, 'Le Livre et sa magie', in ibid., 182-206, esp. 191-192; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 6-7; Chartier, 'Postface', 624-625; Chartier, Culture of Print, 4-5; D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: British Library, 1985); H.-J. Martin and J. Vezin (eds), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit (Paris: Promodis, 1990).
120. Chartier, The Order of Books, 10-16; J. Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire? L'autodidaxie exemplaire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la Lecture, 24-60, esp. 25-26; D. Fabre, 'Le Livre et sa magie', in ibid., 182-206, esp. 191-192; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 6-7; Chartier, 'Postface', 624-625; Chartier, Culture of Print, 4-5; D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: British Library, 1985); H.-J. Martin and J. Vezin (eds), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit (Paris: Promodis, 1990).
121. Chartier, The Order of Books, 10-16; J. Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire? L'autodidaxie exemplaire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la Lecture, 24-60, esp. 25-26; D. Fabre, 'Le Livre et sa magie', in ibid., 182-206, esp. 191-192; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 6-7; Chartier, 'Postface', 624-625; Chartier, Culture of Print, 4-5; D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: British Library, 1985); H.-J. Martin and J. Vezin (eds), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit (Paris: Promodis, 1990).
122. Chartier, The Order of Books, 10-16; J. Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire? L'autodidaxie exemplaire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la Lecture, 24-60, esp. 25-26; D. Fabre, 'Le Livre et sa magie', in ibid., 182-206, esp. 191-192; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 6-7; Chartier, 'Postface', 624-625; Chartier, Culture of Print, 4-5; D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: British Library, 1985); H.-J. Martin and J. Vezin (eds), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit (Paris: Promodis, 1990).
123. Chartier, The Order of Books, 10-16; J. Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire? L'autodidaxie exemplaire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la Lecture, 24-60, esp. 25-26; D. Fabre, 'Le Livre et sa magie', in ibid., 182-206, esp. 191-192; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 6-7; Chartier, 'Postface', 624-625; Chartier, Culture of Print, 4-5; D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: British Library, 1985); H.-J. Martin and J. Vezin (eds), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit (Paris: Promodis, 1990).
124. Chartier, The Order of Books, 10-16; J. Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire? L'autodidaxie exemplaire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la Lecture, 24-60, esp. 25-26; D. Fabre, 'Le Livre et sa magie', in ibid., 182-206, esp. 191-192; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 6-7; Chartier, 'Postface', 624-625; Chartier, Culture of Print, 4-5; D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: British Library, 1985); H.-J. Martin and J. Vezin (eds), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit (Paris: Promodis, 1990).
125. Chartier, The Order of Books, 10-16; J. Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire? L'autodidaxie exemplaire', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la Lecture, 24-60, esp. 25-26; D. Fabre, 'Le Livre et sa magie', in ibid., 182-206, esp. 191-192; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 6-7; Chartier, 'Postface', 624-625; Chartier, Culture of Print, 4-5; D. F. McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts (London: British Library, 1985); H.-J. Martin and J. Vezin (eds), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre manuscrit (Paris: Promodis, 1990).
126. J. Loewenstein, 'The Script in the Marketplace', Representations 12 (1985), 101-114; M. De Grazia, Shakespeare Verbatim: The Reproduction of Authenticity and the 1790 Apparatus (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
127. J. Loewenstein, 'The Script in the Marketplace', Representations 12 (1985), 101-114; M. De Grazia, Shakespeare Verbatim: The Reproduction of Authenticity and the 1790 Apparatus (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
128. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings'; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 79-80; D. F. McKenzie, 'Typography and Meaning: The Case of William Congreve', Buch und Buchhandel in Europa im achtzehnten Jahrhundert, eds G. Barber and B. Fabian (Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981), 81-126; J. S. Peters, Congreve, the Drama, and the Printed Word (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990). See also R. Laufer, 'L'Espace visuel du livre ancien', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 579-601; M. Pastoureau, 'L'Illustration du livre: comprendre ou rever?', in ibid., I, 602-628; Laufer, 'Les Espaces du livre', in ibid., II, 156-172.
129. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings'; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 79-80; D. F. McKenzie, 'Typography and Meaning: The Case of William Congreve', Buch und Buchhandel in Europa im achtzehnten Jahrhundert, eds G. Barber and B. Fabian (Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981), 81-126; J. S. Peters, Congreve, the Drama, and the Printed Word (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990). See also R. Laufer, 'L'Espace visuel du livre ancien', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 579-601; M. Pastoureau, 'L'Illustration du livre: comprendre ou rever?', in ibid., I, 602-628; Laufer, 'Les Espaces du livre', in ibid., II, 156-172.
130. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings'; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 79-80; D. F. McKenzie, 'Typography and Meaning: The Case of William Congreve', Buch und Buchhandel in Europa im achtzehnten Jahrhundert, eds G. Barber and B. Fabian (Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981), 81-126; J. S. Peters, Congreve, the Drama, and the Printed Word (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990). See also R. Laufer, 'L'Espace visuel du livre ancien', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 579-601; M. Pastoureau, 'L'Illustration du livre: comprendre ou rever?', in ibid., I, 602-628; Laufer, 'Les Espaces du livre', in ibid., II, 156-172.
131. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings'; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 79-80; D. F. McKenzie, 'Typography and Meaning: The Case of William Congreve', Buch und Buchhandel in Europa im achtzehnten Jahrhundert, eds G. Barber and B. Fabian (Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981), 81-126; J. S. Peters, Congreve, the Drama, and the Printed Word (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990). See also R. Laufer, 'L'Espace visuel du livre ancien', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 579-601; M. Pastoureau, 'L'Illustration du livre: comprendre ou rever?', in ibid., I, 602-628; Laufer, 'Les Espaces du livre', in ibid., II, 156-172.
132. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings'; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 79-80; D. F. McKenzie, 'Typography and Meaning: The Case of William Congreve', Buch und Buchhandel in Europa im achtzehnten Jahrhundert, eds G. Barber and B. Fabian (Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981), 81-126; J. S. Peters, Congreve, the Drama, and the Printed Word (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990). See also R. Laufer, 'L'Espace visuel du livre ancien', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 579-601; M. Pastoureau, 'L'Illustration du livre: comprendre ou rever?', in ibid., I, 602-628; Laufer, 'Les Espaces du livre', in ibid., II, 156-172.
133. Chartier, 'Texts, Printings, Readings'; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 79-80; D. F. McKenzie, 'Typography and Meaning: The Case of William Congreve', Buch und Buchhandel in Europa im achtzehnten Jahrhundert, eds G. Barber and B. Fabian (Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981), 81-126; J. S. Peters, Congreve, the Drama, and the Printed Word (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990). See also R. Laufer, 'L'Espace visuel du livre ancien', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 579-601; M. Pastoureau, 'L'Illustration du livre: comprendre ou rever?', in ibid., I, 602-628; Laufer, 'Les Espaces du livre', in ibid., II, 156-172.
134. It also includes valuable additional material reflecting on historiography since the publication of the first edition. R. Chartier and H.-J. Martin, 'Avant-Propos', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, [7].
135. F. Madan, '"The Duplicity of Duplicates" and "A New Extension of Bibliography"', Transactions of the Bibliographical Society 12 (1911-1913), 15-24, esp. 16 (italics in original).
136. W. W. Greg, 'What is Bibliography?' in Greg (ed. J. C. Maxwell), Collected Papers (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966), 75-88 (first written in 1912). Compare J. Conrad, The Secret Agent (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983; orig. 1907), 33: 'Since bombs are your means of expression, it would be really telling if one could throw a bomb into pure mathematics. But that is impossible'.
137. W. W. Greg, 'What is Bibliography?' in Greg (ed. J. C. Maxwell), Collected Papers (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966), 75-88 (first written in 1912). Compare J. Conrad, The Secret Agent (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983; orig. 1907), 33: 'Since bombs are your means of expression, it would be really telling if one could throw a bomb into pure mathematics. But that is impossible'.
138. R. B. McKerrow, 'Notes on Bibliographical Evidence for Literary Students of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries', Transactions of the Bibliographical Society 12 (1911-1913), 213-318 (also issued as a separate pamphlet); McKerrow, An Introduction to Bibliography for Literary Students (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927). McKerrow also invented the concept of 'copy-text', around which bibliographical investigations of authenticity were developed.
139. R. B. McKerrow, 'Notes on Bibliographical Evidence for Literary Students of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries', Transactions of the Bibliographical Society 12 (1911-1913), 213-318 (also issued as a separate pamphlet); McKerrow, An Introduction to Bibliography for Literary Students (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927). McKerrow also invented the concept of 'copy-text', around which bibliographical investigations of authenticity were developed.
140. R. B. McKerrow, 'Notes on Bibliographical Evidence for Literary Students of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries', Transactions of the Bibliographical Society 12 (1911-1913), 213-318 (also issued as a separate pamphlet); McKerrow, An Introduction to Bibliography for Literary Students (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1927). McKerrow also invented the concept of 'copy-text', around which bibliographical investigations of authenticity were developed.
141. Among many papers which could be cited, see especially G. T. Tanselle, 'Bibliography and Science', Studies in Bibliography 27 (1974), 65-89, P. Davison, 'Science, Method, and the Textual Critic', Studies in Bibliography 25 (1972), 1-28, and D. F. McKenzie, 'Printers of the Mind: Some Notes on Bibliographical Theories and Printing-House Practices', Studies in Bibliography 22 (1969), 1-75. The bibliographical computer is described in G. T. Tanselle, 'Harrison D. Hoblit, Collector', Gazette of the Grolier Club 48 (1997), 5-17, esp. 11: a reference for which I am indebted to John Carson.
142. Among many papers which could be cited, see especially G. T. Tanselle, 'Bibliography and Science', Studies in Bibliography 27 (1974), 65-89, P. Davison, 'Science, Method, and the Textual Critic', Studies in Bibliography 25 (1972), 1-28, and D. F. McKenzie, 'Printers of the Mind: Some Notes on Bibliographical Theories and Printing-House Practices', Studies in Bibliography 22 (1969), 1-75. The bibliographical computer is described in G. T. Tanselle, 'Harrison D. Hoblit, Collector', Gazette of the Grolier Club 48 (1997), 5-17, esp. 11: a reference for which I am indebted to John Carson.
143. Among many papers which could be cited, see especially G. T. Tanselle, 'Bibliography and Science', Studies in Bibliography 27 (1974), 65-89, P. Davison, 'Science, Method, and the Textual Critic', Studies in Bibliography 25 (1972), 1-28, and D. F. McKenzie, 'Printers of the Mind: Some Notes on Bibliographical Theories and Printing-House Practices', Studies in Bibliography 22 (1969), 1-75. The bibliographical computer is described in G. T. Tanselle, 'Harrison D. Hoblit, Collector', Gazette of the Grolier Club 48 (1997), 5-17, esp. 11: a reference for which I am indebted to John Carson.
144. Among many papers which could be cited, see especially G. T. Tanselle, 'Bibliography and Science', Studies in Bibliography 27 (1974), 65-89, P. Davison, 'Science, Method, and the Textual Critic', Studies in Bibliography 25 (1972), 1-28, and D. F. McKenzie, 'Printers of the Mind: Some Notes on Bibliographical Theories and Printing-House Practices', Studies in Bibliography 22 (1969), 1-75. The bibliographical computer is described in G. T. Tanselle, 'Harrison D. Hoblit, Collector', Gazette of the Grolier Club 48 (1997), 5-17, esp. 11: a reference for which I am indebted to John Carson.
145. Chartier introduced its French translation in 1991. J. Kerrigan, 'The Editor as Reader: Constructing Renaissance Texts', in Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading, 102-124, esp. 102-106; McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts; McKenzie, The Cambridge University Press 1696-1712: a Bibliographical Study, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966). I owe the parallel between McKenzie and Wittgenstein to Simon Schaffer.
146. Chartier introduced its French translation in 1991. J. Kerrigan, 'The Editor as Reader: Constructing Renaissance Texts', in Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading, 102-124, esp. 102-106; McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts; McKenzie, The Cambridge University Press 1696-1712: a Bibliographical Study, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966). I owe the parallel between McKenzie and Wittgenstein to Simon Schaffer.
147. Chartier introduced its French translation in 1991. J. Kerrigan, 'The Editor as Reader: Constructing Renaissance Texts', in Raven, Small and Tadmor (eds), Practice and Representation of Reading, 102-124, esp. 102-106; McKenzie, Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts; McKenzie, The Cambridge University Press 1696-1712: a Bibliographical Study, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966). I owe the parallel between McKenzie and Wittgenstein to Simon Schaffer.
148. Chartier, Cultural History, 6, 11-12, 40, 42-43; Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 7-8, 62-64; Chartier, The Order of Books, x-xi; Chartier, 'Postface', 637. See also Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture'; L. Jardine and A. Grafton, '"Studied for Action": How Gabriel Harvey read his Livy', Past and Present 129 (1990), 30-78; M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 165-176. For an example in the history of science, see A. Grafton, 'Kepler as a Reader', Journal of the History of Ideas 53 (1992), 561-572.
149. Chartier, Cultural History, 6, 11-12, 40, 42-43; Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 7-8, 62-64; Chartier, The Order of Books, x-xi; Chartier, 'Postface', 637. See also Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture'; L. Jardine and A. Grafton, '"Studied for Action": How Gabriel Harvey read his Livy', Past and Present 129 (1990), 30-78; M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 165-176. For an example in the history of science, see A. Grafton, 'Kepler as a Reader', Journal of the History of Ideas 53 (1992), 561-572.
150. Chartier, Cultural History, 6, 11-12, 40, 42-43; Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 7-8, 62-64; Chartier, The Order of Books, x-xi; Chartier, 'Postface', 637. See also Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture'; L. Jardine and A. Grafton, '"Studied for Action": How Gabriel Harvey read his Livy', Past and Present 129 (1990), 30-78; M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 165-176. For an example in the history of science, see A. Grafton, 'Kepler as a Reader', Journal of the History of Ideas 53 (1992), 561-572.
151. Chartier, Cultural History, 6, 11-12, 40, 42-43; Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 7-8, 62-64; Chartier, The Order of Books, x-xi; Chartier, 'Postface', 637. See also Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture'; L. Jardine and A. Grafton, '"Studied for Action": How Gabriel Harvey read his Livy', Past and Present 129 (1990), 30-78; M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 165-176. For an example in the history of science, see A. Grafton, 'Kepler as a Reader', Journal of the History of Ideas 53 (1992), 561-572.
152. Chartier, Cultural History, 6, 11-12, 40, 42-43; Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 7-8, 62-64; Chartier, The Order of Books, x-xi; Chartier, 'Postface', 637. See also Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture'; L. Jardine and A. Grafton, '"Studied for Action": How Gabriel Harvey read his Livy', Past and Present 129 (1990), 30-78; M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 165-176. For an example in the history of science, see A. Grafton, 'Kepler as a Reader', Journal of the History of Ideas 53 (1992), 561-572.
153. Chartier, Cultural History, 6, 11-12, 40, 42-43; Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 7-8, 62-64; Chartier, The Order of Books, x-xi; Chartier, 'Postface', 637. See also Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture'; L. Jardine and A. Grafton, '"Studied for Action": How Gabriel Harvey read his Livy', Past and Present 129 (1990), 30-78; M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 165-176. For an example in the history of science, see A. Grafton, 'Kepler as a Reader', Journal of the History of Ideas 53 (1992), 561-572.
154. Chartier, Cultural History, 6, 11-12, 40, 42-43; Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 7-8, 62-64; Chartier, The Order of Books, x-xi; Chartier, 'Postface', 637. See also Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture'; L. Jardine and A. Grafton, '"Studied for Action": How Gabriel Harvey read his Livy', Past and Present 129 (1990), 30-78; M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 165-176. For an example in the history of science, see A. Grafton, 'Kepler as a Reader', Journal of the History of Ideas 53 (1992), 561-572.
155. Chartier, Cultural History, 6, 11-12, 40, 42-43; Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 7-8, 62-64; Chartier, The Order of Books, x-xi; Chartier, 'Postface', 637. See also Martin, 'Pour une histoire de la lecture'; L. Jardine and A. Grafton, '"Studied for Action": How Gabriel Harvey read his Livy', Past and Present 129 (1990), 30-78; M. de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984), 165-176. For an example in the history of science, see A. Grafton, 'Kepler as a Reader', Journal of the History of Ideas 53 (1992), 561-572.
156. Chartier, The Order of Books, 3-4, 19-20; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1510, 1512. See also P. Saenger, 'Physiologie de la lecture et separation des mots', Annales E.S.C. 44 (1989), 939-952.
157. Chartier, The Order of Books, 3-4, 19-20; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1510, 1512. See also P. Saenger, 'Physiologie de la lecture et separation des mots', Annales E.S.C. 44 (1989), 939-952.
158. Chartier, The Order of Books, 3-4, 19-20; Chartier, 'Le Monde comme representation', 1510, 1512. See also P. Saenger, 'Physiologie de la lecture et separation des mots', Annales E.S.C. 44 (1989), 939-952.
159. P. Saenger, 'Silent Reading: Its Impact on late Medieval Script and Society', Viator 13 (1982), 367-414; Saenger, 'Manieres de lire medievales', in Charter and Martin, Histoire de l'edition française, I, 147-161; M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-1307 (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), 90; Chartier, Culture of Print, 2; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239. On connections between the history of reading and the history of the body, compare also J. M. Goulemot, 'De la lecture comme production de sens', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 90-99, and C. Lawrence and S. Shapin (eds), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998).
160. P. Saenger, 'Silent Reading: Its Impact on late Medieval Script and Society', Viator 13 (1982), 367-414; Saenger, 'Manieres de lire medievales', in Charter and Martin, Histoire de l'edition française, I, 147-161; M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-1307 (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), 90; Chartier, Culture of Print, 2; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239. On connections between the history of reading and the history of the body, compare also J. M. Goulemot, 'De la lecture comme production de sens', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 90-99, and C. Lawrence and S. Shapin (eds), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998).
161. P. Saenger, 'Silent Reading: Its Impact on late Medieval Script and Society', Viator 13 (1982), 367-414; Saenger, 'Manieres de lire medievales', in Charter and Martin, Histoire de l'edition française, I, 147-161; M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-1307 (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), 90; Chartier, Culture of Print, 2; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239. On connections between the history of reading and the history of the body, compare also J. M. Goulemot, 'De la lecture comme production de sens', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 90-99, and C. Lawrence and S. Shapin (eds), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998).
162. P. Saenger, 'Silent Reading: Its Impact on late Medieval Script and Society', Viator 13 (1982), 367-414; Saenger, 'Manieres de lire medievales', in Charter and Martin, Histoire de l'edition française, I, 147-161; M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-1307 (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), 90; Chartier, Culture of Print, 2; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239. On connections between the history of reading and the history of the body, compare also J. M. Goulemot, 'De la lecture comme production de sens', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 90-99, and C. Lawrence and S. Shapin (eds), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998).
163. P. Saenger, 'Silent Reading: Its Impact on late Medieval Script and Society', Viator 13 (1982), 367-414; Saenger, 'Manieres de lire medievales', in Charter and Martin, Histoire de l'edition française, I, 147-161; M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-1307 (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), 90; Chartier, Culture of Print, 2; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239. On connections between the history of reading and the history of the body, compare also J. M. Goulemot, 'De la lecture comme production de sens', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 90-99, and C. Lawrence and S. Shapin (eds), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998).
164. P. Saenger, 'Silent Reading: Its Impact on late Medieval Script and Society', Viator 13 (1982), 367-414; Saenger, 'Manieres de lire medievales', in Charter and Martin, Histoire de l'edition française, I, 147-161; M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-1307 (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), 90; Chartier, Culture of Print, 2; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239. On connections between the history of reading and the history of the body, compare also J. M. Goulemot, 'De la lecture comme production de sens', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 90-99, and C. Lawrence and S. Shapin (eds), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998).
165. P. Saenger, 'Silent Reading: Its Impact on late Medieval Script and Society', Viator 13 (1982), 367-414; Saenger, 'Manieres de lire medievales', in Charter and Martin, Histoire de l'edition française, I, 147-161; M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-1307 (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), 90; Chartier, Culture of Print, 2; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239. On connections between the history of reading and the history of the body, compare also J. M. Goulemot, 'De la lecture comme production de sens', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 90-99, and C. Lawrence and S. Shapin (eds), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998).
166. P. Saenger, 'Silent Reading: Its Impact on late Medieval Script and Society', Viator 13 (1982), 367-414; Saenger, 'Manieres de lire medievales', in Charter and Martin, Histoire de l'edition française, I, 147-161; M. Clanchy, From Memory to Written Record: England 1066-1307 (London: Edward Arnold, 1979), 90; Chartier, Culture of Print, 2; Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239. On connections between the history of reading and the history of the body, compare also J. M. Goulemot, 'De la lecture comme production de sens', in Chartier (ed.), Pratiques de la lecture, 90-99, and C. Lawrence and S. Shapin (eds), Science Incarnate: Historical Embodiments of Natural Knowledge (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1998).
167. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67-73, 78-79; Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 146-155; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 197-198, 214, 233-239; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 5-7, 180-182; Chartier, 'Leisure and Sociability', 118; R. Darnton, The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), 199-208.
168. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67-73, 78-79; Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 146-155; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 197-198, 214, 233-239; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 5-7, 180-182; Chartier, 'Leisure and Sociability', 118; R. Darnton, The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), 199-208.
169. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67-73, 78-79; Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 146-155; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 197-198, 214, 233-239; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 5-7, 180-182; Chartier, 'Leisure and Sociability', 118; R. Darnton, The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), 199-208.
170. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67-73, 78-79; Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 146-155; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 197-198, 214, 233-239; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 5-7, 180-182; Chartier, 'Leisure and Sociability', 118; R. Darnton, The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), 199-208.
171. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67-73, 78-79; Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 146-155; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 197-198, 214, 233-239; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 5-7, 180-182; Chartier, 'Leisure and Sociability', 118; R. Darnton, The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), 199-208.
172. Chartier, 'Du Livre au lire', 67-73, 78-79; Chartier, 'Publishing Strategies', 146-155; Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 197-198, 214, 233-239; Chartier, Cultural Uses of Print in Early Modern France, 5-7, 180-182; Chartier, 'Leisure and Sociability', 118; R. Darnton, The Literary Underground of the Old Regime (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1982), 199-208.
173. R. Chartier, 'Preface', in Chartier, Pratiques de la lecture, 7-10, esp. 9; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239; Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire', 48-52. Compare D. Sabean, Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 61-93; M. Spufford, 'First Steps in Literacy: The Reading and Writing Experiences of the Humblest Seventeenth-Century Spiritual Autobiographers', in H. J. Graff (ed.), Literacy and Social Development in the West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 125-150.
174. R. Chartier, 'Preface', in Chartier, Pratiques de la lecture, 7-10, esp. 9; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239; Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire', 48-52. Compare D. Sabean, Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 61-93; M. Spufford, 'First Steps in Literacy: The Reading and Writing Experiences of the Humblest Seventeenth-Century Spiritual Autobiographers', in H. J. Graff (ed.), Literacy and Social Development in the West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 125-150.
175. R. Chartier, 'Preface', in Chartier, Pratiques de la lecture, 7-10, esp. 9; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239; Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire', 48-52. Compare D. Sabean, Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 61-93; M. Spufford, 'First Steps in Literacy: The Reading and Writing Experiences of the Humblest Seventeenth-Century Spiritual Autobiographers', in H. J. Graff (ed.), Literacy and Social Development in the West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 125-150.
176. R. Chartier, 'Preface', in Chartier, Pratiques de la lecture, 7-10, esp. 9; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239; Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire', 48-52. Compare D. Sabean, Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 61-93; M. Spufford, 'First Steps in Literacy: The Reading and Writing Experiences of the Humblest Seventeenth-Century Spiritual Autobiographers', in H. J. Graff (ed.), Literacy and Social Development in the West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 125-150.
177. R. Chartier, 'Preface', in Chartier, Pratiques de la lecture, 7-10, esp. 9; Bourdieu and Chartier, 'La Lecture', 218-239; Hebrard, 'Comment Valentin Jamerey-Duval apprit-il a lire', 48-52. Compare D. Sabean, Power in the Blood: Popular Culture and Village Discourse in Early Modern Germany (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 61-93; M. Spufford, 'First Steps in Literacy: The Reading and Writing Experiences of the Humblest Seventeenth-Century Spiritual Autobiographers', in H. J. Graff (ed.), Literacy and Social Development in the West (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), 125-150.
178. Chartier, The Order of Books, vii-viii. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Classements et conjonctures' and 'Livres et societes', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 529-563 and 643-670, respectively.
179. Chartier, The Order of Books, vii-viii. See also H.-J. Martin, 'Classements et conjonctures' and 'Livres et societes', in Chartier and Martin (eds), Histoire de l'edition française, I, 529-563 and 643-670, respectively.
180. Chartier, 'Urban Reading Practices', 216-218.
181. Chartier, The Order of Books, 39-43, 61-88; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25-42, esp. 36-37. For the most influential articulation of the problem of authorial identity, see M. Foucault, 'Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?' Bulletin de la societe française de philosophie 14 (1969), 73-104; trans. as 'What is an Author?', in Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, ed. D. F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 113-138; reprinted with amendments in J. V. Harari (ed.), Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), 141-160. Important related
182. Chartier, The Order of Books, 39-43, 61-88; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25-42, esp. 36-37. For the most influential articulation of the problem of authorial identity, see M. Foucault, 'Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?' Bulletin de la societe française de philosophie 14 (1969), 73-104; trans. as 'What is an Author?', in Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, ed. D. F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 113-138; reprinted with amendments in J. V. Harari (ed.), Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), 141-160. Important related studies include M. Woodmansee and P. Jaszi (eds), The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), and C. Hesse, Publishing and Cultural Politics in Revolutionary Paris, 1789-1810 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
183. Chartier, The Order of Books, 39-43, 61-88; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25-42, esp. 36-37. For the most influential articulation of the problem of authorial identity, see M. Foucault, 'Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?' Bulletin de la societe française de philosophie 14 (1969), 73-104; trans. as 'What is an Author?', in Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, ed. D. F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 113-138; reprinted with amendments in J. V. Harari (ed.), Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), 141-160. Important related studies include M. Woodmansee and P. Jaszi (eds), The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), and C. Hesse, Publishing and Cultural Politics in Revolutionary Paris, 1789-1810 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
184. Chartier, The Order of Books, 39-43, 61-88; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25-42, esp. 36-37. For the most influential articulation of the problem of authorial identity, see M. Foucault, 'Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?' Bulletin de la societe française de philosophie 14 (1969), 73-104; trans. as 'What is an Author?', in Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, ed. D. F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 113-138; reprinted with amendments in J. V. Harari (ed.), Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), 141-160. Important related studies include M. Woodmansee and P. Jaszi (eds), The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), and C. Hesse, Publishing and Cultural Politics in Revolutionary Paris, 1789-1810 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
185. Chartier, The Order of Books, 39-43, 61-88; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25-42, esp. 36-37. For the most influential articulation of the problem of authorial identity, see M. Foucault, 'Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?' Bulletin de la societe française de philosophie 14 (1969), 73-104; trans. as 'What is an Author?', in Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, ed. D. F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 113-138; reprinted with amendments in J. V. Harari (ed.), Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), 141-160. Important related studies include M. Woodmansee and P. Jaszi (eds), The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), and C. Hesse, Publishing and Cultural Politics in Revolutionary Paris, 1789-1810 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
186. Chartier, The Order of Books, 39-43, 61-88; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25-42, esp. 36-37. For the most influential articulation of the problem of authorial identity, see M. Foucault, 'Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?' Bulletin de la societe française de philosophie 14 (1969), 73-104; trans. as 'What is an Author?', in Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, ed. D. F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 113-138; reprinted with amendments in J. V. Harari (ed.), Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), 141-160. Important related studies include M. Woodmansee and P. Jaszi (eds), The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), and C. Hesse, Publishing and Cultural Politics in Revolutionary Paris, 1789-1810 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
187. Chartier, The Order of Books, 39-43, 61-88; Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 25-42, esp. 36-37. For the most influential articulation of the problem of authorial identity, see M. Foucault, 'Qu'est-ce qu'un auteur?' Bulletin de la societe française de philosophie 14 (1969), 73-104; trans. as 'What is an Author?', in Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, ed. D. F. Bouchard (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 113-138; reprinted with amendments in J. V. Harari (ed.), Textual Strategies: Perspectives in Post-Structuralist Criticism (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1979), 141-160. Important related studies include M. Woodmansee and P. Jaszi (eds), The Construction of Authorship: Textual Appropriation in Law and Literature (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994), and C. Hesse, Publishing and Cultural Politics in Revolutionary Paris, 1789-1810 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
188. T. Porter, 'The Uses of Humanistic History', Philosophy of the Social Sciences 21 (1991), 214-222, esp. 218-219; compare M. Poovey, Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation 1830-1864 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995), 25-54, and C. W. Smith (ed.), Making Space for Science: Territorial Themes in the Shaping of Knowledge (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998).
189. T. Porter, 'The Uses of Humanistic History', Philosophy of the Social Sciences 21 (1991), 214-222, esp. 218-219; compare M. Poovey, Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation 1830-1864 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995), 25-54, and C. W. Smith (ed.), Making Space for Science: Territorial Themes in the Shaping of Knowledge (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998).
190. T. Porter, 'The Uses of Humanistic History', Philosophy of the Social Sciences 21 (1991), 214-222, esp. 218-219; compare M. Poovey, Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation 1830-1864 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1995), 25-54, and C. W. Smith (ed.), Making Space for Science: Territorial Themes in the Shaping of Knowledge (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998).
191. B. Latour, We Have Never Been Modern (trans. C. Porter. New York: Harvester, 1993), 46-47, 94-96, 103-106, 122.
192. M. Callon, J. Law, A. Rip (eds), Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World (London: Macmillan, 1986), 7-14, 35-99, 221-230; B. Latour, Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1987), 223-237.
193. M. Callon, J. Law, A. Rip (eds), Mapping the Dynamics of Science and Technology: Sociology of Science in the Real World (London: Macmillan, 1986), 7-14, 35-99, 221-230; B. Latour, Science in Action: How to Follow Scientists and Engineers through Society (Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1987), 223-237.
194. S. J. Schaffer, 'The Eighteenth Brumaire of Bruno Latour', Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 22 (1991), 174-192; B. Latour, 'Where are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few mundane Artifacts', in W. E. Bijker and J. Law (eds), Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992), 225-258, esp. 237; Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, 77-82, 118-119, 128-129, 138.
195. S. J. Schaffer, 'The Eighteenth Brumaire of Bruno Latour', Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 22 (1991), 174-192; B. Latour, 'Where are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few mundane Artifacts', in W. E. Bijker and J. Law (eds), Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992), 225-258, esp. 237; Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, 77-82, 118-119, 128-129, 138.
196. S. J. Schaffer, 'The Eighteenth Brumaire of Bruno Latour', Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 22 (1991), 174-192; B. Latour, 'Where are the Missing Masses? The Sociology of a Few mundane Artifacts', in W. E. Bijker and J. Law (eds), Shaping Technology/Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992), 225-258, esp. 237; Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, 77-82, 118-119, 128-129, 138.
197. M. McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (London: Ark, 1987; 1st edn 1964), 3-21, 56-61, 89-105, 338-345, 346-359; see esp. 8 (for changes in scale), 13 (for Napoleon), 18 (for Pasteur), 20-21 and 338-345 (for warfare), 21 (for networks as 'natural resources'), 56 (for translation), 102-105 (for railways), and 348 (for the 'global network' reaching into individuals' central nervous systems). Latour's love for railway networks is seen in his We Have Never Been Modern, 117, but is best represented by his Aramis, or, The Love of Technology, trans. C. Porter (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996).
198. M. McLuhan, Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man (London: Ark, 1987; 1st edn 1964), 3-21, 56-61, 89-105, 338-345, 346-359; see esp. 8 (for changes in scale), 13 (for Napoleon), 18 (for Pasteur), 20-21 and 338-345 (for warfare), 21 (for networks as 'natural resources'), 56 (for translation), 102-105 (for railways), and 348 (for the 'global network' reaching into individuals' central nervous systems). Latour's love for railway networks is seen in his We Have Never Been Modern, 117, but is best represented by his Aramis, or, The Love of Technology, trans. C. Porter (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1996).
199. E.g. Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, 92-93, 121.
200. E. L. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Europe, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979). For Chartier's response see 'L'Ancien regime typographique: reflexions sur quelques travaux recents', Annales E.S.C. 36 (1981), 191-209. The similarity between McLuhan's theories and elements of Febvre's historiography is noted by Peter Burke in Burke (ed.), A New Kind of History, from the Writings of Febvre (London: RKP, 1973), xiv.
201. E. L. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Europe, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979). For Chartier's response see 'L'Ancien regime typographique: reflexions sur quelques travaux recents', Annales E.S.C. 36 (1981), 191-209. The similarity between McLuhan's theories and elements of Febvre's historiography is noted by Peter Burke in Burke (ed.), A New Kind of History, from the Writings of Febvre (London: RKP, 1973), xiv.
202. E. L. Eisenstein, The Printing Press as an Agent of Change: Communications and Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Europe, 2 vols (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979). For Chartier's response see 'L'Ancien regime typographique: reflexions sur quelques travaux recents', Annales E.S.C. 36 (1981), 191-209. The similarity between McLuhan's theories and elements of Febvre's historiography is noted by Peter Burke in Burke (ed.), A New Kind of History, from the Writings of Febvre (London: RKP, 1973), xiv.
203. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 6-24; Chartier, The Order of Books, 90. For the future of the book, see also G. Nunberg (ed.), The Future of the Book (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996), and N. Stephenson, The Diamond Age: Or, A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer (London: Viking, 1995), which projects a world of the future in which nanotechnology has created books which really do change when the world changes. For the debate over whether books 'cause revolutions', see Chartier, Cultural Origins, 67-91, and R. Darnton, The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France (New York: Norton, 1995), 169-246.
204. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 6-24; Chartier, The Order of Books, 90. For the future of the book, see also G. Nunberg (ed.), The Future of the Book (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996), and N. Stephenson, The Diamond Age: Or, A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer (London: Viking, 1995), which projects a world of the future in which nanotechnology has created books which really do change when the world changes. For the debate over whether books 'cause revolutions', see Chartier, Cultural Origins, 67-91, and R. Darnton, The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France (New York: Norton, 1995), 169-246.
205. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 6-24; Chartier, The Order of Books, 90. For the future of the book, see also G. Nunberg (ed.), The Future of the Book (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996), and N. Stephenson, The Diamond Age: Or, A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer (London: Viking, 1995), which projects a world of the future in which nanotechnology has created books which really do change when the world changes. For the debate over whether books 'cause revolutions', see Chartier, Cultural Origins, 67-91, and R. Darnton, The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France (New York: Norton, 1995), 169-246.
206. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 6-24; Chartier, The Order of Books, 90. For the future of the book, see also G. Nunberg (ed.), The Future of the Book (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996), and N. Stephenson, The Diamond Age: Or, A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer (London: Viking, 1995), which projects a world of the future in which nanotechnology has created books which really do change when the world changes. For the debate over whether books 'cause revolutions', see Chartier, Cultural Origins, 67-91, and R. Darnton, The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France (New York: Norton, 1995), 169-246.
207. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 6-24; Chartier, The Order of Books, 90. For the future of the book, see also G. Nunberg (ed.), The Future of the Book (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996), and N. Stephenson, The Diamond Age: Or, A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer (London: Viking, 1995), which projects a world of the future in which nanotechnology has created books which really do change when the world changes. For the debate over whether books 'cause revolutions', see Chartier, Cultural Origins, 67-91, and R. Darnton, The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France (New York: Norton, 1995), 169-246.
208. Chartier, Forms and Meanings, 6-24; Chartier, The Order of Books, 90. For the future of the book, see also G. Nunberg (ed.), The Future of the Book (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1996), and N. Stephenson, The Diamond Age: Or, A Young Lady's Illustrated Primer (London: Viking, 1995), which projects a world of the future in which nanotechnology has created books which really do change when the world changes. For the debate over whether books 'cause revolutions', see Chartier, Cultural Origins, 67-91, and R. Darnton, The Forbidden Best-Sellers of Pre-Revolutionary France (New York: Norton, 1995), 169-246.
209. See especially H. O. Sibum, 'Reworking the Mechanical Value of Heat: Instruments of Precision and Gestures of Accuracy in Early Victorian England', Studies in History and Philosophy of Science 26 (1995), 73-106.
210. S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); in a more philosophical idiom, see also C. A. J. Coady, Testimony: A Philosophical Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992).
211. S. Shapin, A Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1994); in a more philosophical idiom, see also C. A. J. Coady, Testimony: A Philosophical Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992).