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0018851563
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edited by J. H. Waite, J. L. Burch, and R. L. Moore, Geophysical Monograph Series The American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC
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H. B. Niemann, J. R. Booth, J. E. Cooley, R. E. Hartle, W. T. Kasprzak, N. W. Spencer, S. H. Way, D. M. Hunter, and G. R. Carignan, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-18, 60 (1980); R. W. McEntire and D. G. Mitchell, in Solar System Plasma Physics, edited by J. H. Waite, J. L. Burch, and R. L. Moore, Geophysical Monograph Series (The American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1989), Vol. 54; W. Kasprzak, H. Niemann, D. Harpold, J. Richards, H. Manning, E. Patrick, and P. Mahaffy, Proc. SPIE 2803, 129 (1996); P. R. Mahaffy, in Laboratory Astrophysics and Space Research, edited by P. Ehrenfreund et al. (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1998), p. 355; S. Scherer, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, M. Hohl, H. Kastle, M. Mildner, and P. Wurz, Proceedings of the 46th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Orlando, FL, 1998, p. 1238.
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H. B. Niemann, J. R. Booth, J. E. Cooley, R. E. Hartle, W. T. Kasprzak, N. W. Spencer, S. H. Way, D. M. Hunter, and G. R. Carignan, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-18, 60 (1980); R. W. McEntire and D. G. Mitchell, in Solar System Plasma Physics, edited by J. H. Waite, J. L. Burch, and R. L. Moore, Geophysical Monograph Series (The American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1989), Vol. 54; W. Kasprzak, H. Niemann, D. Harpold, J. Richards, H. Manning, E. Patrick, and P. Mahaffy, Proc. SPIE 2803, 129 (1996); P. R. Mahaffy, in Laboratory Astrophysics and Space Research, edited by P. Ehrenfreund et al. (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1998), p. 355; S. Scherer, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, M. Hohl, H. Kastle, M. Mildner, and P. Wurz, Proceedings of the 46th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Orlando, FL, 1998, p. 1238.
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4
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edited by P. Ehrenfreund et al. Kluwer, Dordrecht
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H. B. Niemann, J. R. Booth, J. E. Cooley, R. E. Hartle, W. T. Kasprzak, N. W. Spencer, S. H. Way, D. M. Hunter, and G. R. Carignan, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-18, 60 (1980); R. W. McEntire and D. G. Mitchell, in Solar System Plasma Physics, edited by J. H. Waite, J. L. Burch, and R. L. Moore, Geophysical Monograph Series (The American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1989), Vol. 54; W. Kasprzak, H. Niemann, D. Harpold, J. Richards, H. Manning, E. Patrick, and P. Mahaffy, Proc. SPIE 2803, 129 (1996); P. R. Mahaffy, in Laboratory Astrophysics and Space Research, edited by P. Ehrenfreund et al. (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1998), p. 355; S. Scherer, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, M. Hohl, H. Kastle, M. Mildner, and P. Wurz, Proceedings of the 46th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Orlando, FL, 1998, p. 1238.
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H. B. Niemann, J. R. Booth, J. E. Cooley, R. E. Hartle, W. T. Kasprzak, N. W. Spencer, S. H. Way, D. M. Hunter, and G. R. Carignan, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. GE-18, 60 (1980); R. W. McEntire and D. G. Mitchell, in Solar System Plasma Physics, edited by J. H. Waite, J. L. Burch, and R. L. Moore, Geophysical Monograph Series (The American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, 1989), Vol. 54; W. Kasprzak, H. Niemann, D. Harpold, J. Richards, H. Manning, E. Patrick, and P. Mahaffy, Proc. SPIE 2803, 129 (1996); P. R. Mahaffy, in Laboratory Astrophysics and Space Research, edited by P. Ehrenfreund et al. (Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1998), p. 355; S. Scherer, K. Altwegg, H. Balsiger, M. Hohl, H. Kastle, M. Mildner, and P. Wurz, Proceedings of the 46th ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics, Orlando, FL, 1998, p. 1238.
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Scherer, S.1
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Balsiger, H.3
Hohl, M.4
Kastle, H.5
Mildner, M.6
Wurz, P.7
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6
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0039938801
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H. B. Niemann, D. N. Harpold, S. K. Atreya, G. R. Carignan, D. M. Hunten, and T. C. Owen, Space Sci. Rev. 60, 111 (1992); H. B. Niemann, in Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer for the Huygens Probe [European Space Agency (ESA)-SP-1177, 1997], p. 85; V. Navale, D. Harpold, and A. Vertes, Anal. Chem. 70, 689 (1998).
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H. B. Niemann, D. N. Harpold, S. K. Atreya, G. R. Carignan, D. M. Hunten, and T. C. Owen, Space Sci. Rev. 60, 111 (1992); H. B. Niemann, in Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer for the Huygens Probe [European Space Agency (ESA)-SP-1177, 1997], p. 85; V. Navale, D. Harpold, and A. Vertes, Anal. Chem. 70, 689 (1998).
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4243192800
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The attenuator (a Spindler and Hoyer neutral wedge) consisted of a neutral density glass wedge bonded to a clear compensating plate. The transmission could be varied between 1% and 80% with a precision translation stage, although we typically operated at the high-transmission end, where the attenuation drop across the beam diameter was negligible. To obtain highly attenuated pulses, we used additional flat neutral density filters in the beam path.
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4243124400
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note
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-2) sample target material by an assortment of thermal and nonthermal processes termed laser desorption. In the desorption regime, molecules and molecular fragments survive volatilization and ionization, producing spectra containing both atomic and molecular information. Depending upon irradiance and target matrix effects, identification of large molecular species including organic/biological structures is possible with desorption. The natural extension of LAMS to this lower-energy range is currently under investigation.
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C. R. Phipps and R. W. Dreyfus, in Ref. 5, Chap. 4A
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C. R. Phipps and R. W. Dreyfus, in Ref. 5, Chap. 4A.
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L. Moenke-Blankenburg, in Ref. 5, Chap. 4B
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L. Moenke-Blankenburg, in Ref. 5, Chap. 4B.
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H.-J. Dietze and J. S. Becker, in Ref. 5, Chap. 4C
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H.-J. Dietze and J. S. Becker, in Ref. 5, Chap. 4C.
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edited by J. Sneddon, T. L. Thiem, and Y.-I. Lee VCH, New York, Chap. 4
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G. G. Managadze and I. Yu. Shutyaev, in Ref. 5, Chap. 5.
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note
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4 are often required. For laser TOF-mass spectrometers, it may be more realistic to focus on elemental and isotopic enrichment techniques for in situ isobaric resolution. Examples of such techniques include chemical separation, negative-ion generation, and resonance ionization.
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W. B. Brinckerhoff, A. F. Cheng, R. W. McEntire, and G. G. Managadze, in Lunar and Planetary Science XXIX, Abstract No. 1789 (Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, 1998).
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Unpublished results.
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