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Volumn 61, Issue 9, 1996, Pages 2951-2962

Mechanism of Mukaiyama-Michael reaction of ketene silyl acetal: Electron transfer or nucleophilic addition?

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EID: 0000210530     PISSN: 00223263     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jo9512968     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (45)

References (60)
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    • note
    • B, under the experimental conditions such that the concentrations of A and B are much greater than that of α-enone, the competition experiments were performed under the normal conditions for the synthetic purpose in order to avoid the use of extremely high concentrations of A and B (≫1 M).
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    • note
    • The ratio of 100:0 includes the experimental error probably within ±2%. Thus, the ratio does not mean the infinite value. This means that the rate constant of 2 is at least two orders of magnitude greater than that of 4.
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    • Use of acyclic α-enones resulted in poor yields under the same reaction conditions.
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    • 4-ether complex.
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    • Preparation of α-stannyl ketones from enol silyl ethers by an analogous transmetalation was reported: Nakamura, E.; Kuwajima, I. Tetrahedron Lett. 1983, 24, 3347.
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    • The PM3 semiempirical calculations have been shown to be highly useful for predicting the transition-state structures of reactions of organic compounds containing heteroatoms. See: Alnajjar, M. S.; Franz, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 1052.
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    • The PM3 calculations were carried out using the MOPAC Molecular Orbital Program Package, QCPE 455 (Ver, 6.0), Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. (a) Stewart J. J. P. J. Comput. Chem. 1989, 10, 209 and 221. (b) Dewar, M. J. S. J. Comput. Chem. 1990, 11, 541. (c) Stewart, J. J. P. J. Comput. Chem. 1990, 11 543.
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    • The PM3 calculations were carried out using the MOPAC Molecular Orbital Program Package, QCPE 455 (Ver, 6.0), Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. (a) Stewart J. J. P. J. Comput. Chem. 1989, 10, 209 and 221. (b) Dewar, M. J. S. J. Comput. Chem. 1990, 11, 541. (c) Stewart, J. J. P. J. Comput. Chem. 1990, 11 543.
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    • The PM3 calculations were carried out using the MOPAC Molecular Orbital Program Package, QCPE 455 (Ver, 6.0), Quantum Chemistry Program Exchange, Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. (a) Stewart J. J. P. J. Comput. Chem. 1989, 10, 209 and 221. (b) Dewar, M. J. S. J. Comput. Chem. 1990, 11, 541. (c) Stewart, J. J. P. J. Comput. Chem. 1990, 11 543.
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    • note
    • Since the calculations for the reaction coordinate are performed by optimizing the total molecular energy with respect to all structural variables, the dihedral angles of the transition states (Figures 5a and 5b) are somewhat different from those of minima at a fixed bond distance between the two reacting centers in Figure 3.
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    • The ΔS values were calculated at 298 K. The inclusion of entropy term results in no significant change in the relative difference in the transition state energies of 4a and 2a.
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    • note
    • -1), which is the smallest among these reactions.
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