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B3LYP/6-31G** calculations on non-phenylated analogues of 3· and 4· predict that cleavage of the 3-cyclopropyl-2-methyl-2-propoxyl radical to give cyclopropyl-carbinyl radical and acetone should be more exothermic by 1.8 kcal/mol than cleavage of the 3-cyclobutyl-2-methyl-2-propoxyl radical to give the cyclobutylcarbinyl radical and acetone. Recent theoretical work (ref 3e) has shown that B3LYP/6-31G** accurately calculates activation barriers (typically within 2 kcal/mol) for alkoxy radical β-scission.
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Heats of formation for the alkoxy radicals were estimated using a bond dissociation energy of 105 kcal/mol for the corresponding alcohol. The heats of formation of the alcohols were estimated by group additivity. In three cases, 12· 13·, and 14·, experimental heats of formation were available for the alcohols (ref 12) and found to match group additivity within 0.2 kcal.
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note
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The data summarized here were obtained in aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (benzene, fluorobenzene, cumene, and (trifluoromethy)lbenzene). The relatively small differences in solvent polarity should have a minimal effect on rates of β-scission.
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