The ERICA IOP 5 storm. Part III: Mesoscale cyclogenesis and precipitation parameterization

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 124, Issue 7, 1996, Pages 1409-1434

  Kuo, Ying Hwa ^a   Reed, Richard J ^b   Liu, Yubao ^a  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000191133     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1996)124<1409:TEISPI>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Anthes, R. A., Y.-H. Kuo, and J. R. Gyakum, 1983: Numerical simulations of a case of explosive cyclogenesis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1174-1188.
2. _, E.-Y. Hsie, and Y.-H. Kuo, 1987: Description of the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 4 (MM4). NCAR/TN-282+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 66 pp.
3. Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-701.
4. Asai, T., 1965: A numerical study of the air-mass transformation over the Japan Sea in winter. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 43, 1-15.
5. Betts, A. K., and M. J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I: Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. Roy. Soc., 112, 677-691.
6. _, and _, 1993: The Betts-Miller scheme. The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models, Meteor. Monogr. No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 107-121.
7. Blackadar, A. K., 1979: High resolution models of the planetary boundary layer. Advances in Environmental Science and Engineering, Vol. 1, Pfafflin and Ziegler, Eds., Gordon and Breach, 50-85.
8. Blier, W., and R. M. Wakimoto, 1995: Observation of the early evolution of an explosive oceanic cyclone during ERICA IOP 5. Part II: Airborne Doppler analysis of the mesoscale circulation and frontal structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1311-1327.
9. Bosart, L. F., 1981: The Presidents' Day snowstorm of 18-19 February 1979: A subsynoptic-scale event. Mon. Wea. Rev., 109, 1542-1566.
10. Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
11. _, 1993: A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State-NCAR mesoscale model: Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1493-1513.
12. Emanuel, K. A., and D. J. Raymond, Eds., 1993: The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models. Meteor. Mono., No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 246 pp.
13. Ertel, H., 1955: Kanonischer algorithmus hydrodynamischer wirblegleichungen. Sitz.-Ber. Deut. Akad. Wiss., 4, 3-11.
14. Frank, W. M., 1983: The cumulus parameterization problem. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1859-1871.
15. Fritsch, J. M., and C. F. Chappell, 1980: Numerical prediction of convectively driven mesoscale pressure systems. Part I: Convective parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1722-1733.
16. Godske, C. L., T. Bergeron, J. Bjerknes, and R. C. Bundgaard, 1957: Dynamic Meteorology and Weather Forecasting. American Meteorological Society, 800 pp.
17. Grell, G. A., 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787.
18. _, J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth generation Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5). NCAR Tech Note NCAR/TN-398+STR, 138 pp.
19. Gyakum, J. R., 1983: On the evolution of the QE II storm. I: Synoptic aspects. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 1137-1155.
20. Hartnett, E., G. Forbes, and R. Hadlock, 1989: ERICA, Experiment on Rapidly Intensifying Cyclones over the Atlantic: Field phase summary. Tech Rep., 236 pp. [Available from ERICA Data Center, Dept. of Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104.]
21. Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877-946.
22. Hsie, E.-Y., R. A. Anthes, and D. Keyser, 1984: Numerical simulation of frontogenesis in a moist atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2581-2594.
23. Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1993: Convective parameterization for mesoscale models: The Kain-Fritsch scheme. The Representation of Cumulus in Numerical Models, Meteor. Monogr., No. 46, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 165-177.
24. Kuo, H.-L., 1974: Further studies of the parameterization of the influence of cumulus convection on large-scale flow. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1232-1240.
25. Kuo, Y.-H., and R. J. Reed, 1988: Numerical simulation of an explosively deepening cyclone in the eastern Pacific. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2081-2105.
26. _, and S. Low-Nam, 1990: Prediction of nine explosive cyclones over the western Atlantic Ocean with a regional model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 3-25.
27. Molinari, J., and M. Dudek, 1992: Parameterization of Convective precipitation in mesoscale numerical models: A critical review. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 326-344.
28. Neiman, P. J., and M. A. Shapiro. 1993: The life cycle of an extratropical marine cyclone. Part I: Frontal cyclone evolution and thermodynamic air-sea interaction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2153-2176.
29. _, _, and L. S. Fedor, 1993: The life cycle of an extratropical marine cyclone. Part II: Mesoscale structure and diagnostics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2177-2199.
30. Petty, G. W., 1994: Physical retrievals of over-ocean rain rate from multichannel microwave imagery. Part I: Theoretical characteristics of normalized polarization and scattering indices. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 54, 79-100.
31. Reed, R. J., G. A. Grell, and Y.-H. Kuo, 1993a: The ERICA IOP 5 storm. Part I: Analysis and simulation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1577-1594.
32. _, _, and _, 1993b: The ERICA IOP 5 storm. Part II: Sensitivity tests and further diagnosis based on model output. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 1595-1612.
33. _, _, and _, 1994: An adiabatic simulation of the ERICA IOP 4 storm: An example of quasi-ideal frontal cyclone development. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 2688-2708.
34. Reisner, I., R. T. Bruintjes, and R. J. Rasmussen, 1993: Preliminary comparisons between MM5 NCAR/Penn State model generated icing forecasts and observations. Preprints, Fifth Intl. Conf. on Aviation Weather Systems, Vienna, VA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 65-69.
35. Schubert, W. H., 1974: Cumulus parameterization theory in terms of feedback and control. Atmos. Sci. Pap. No. 226, Colorado State University, 19 pp.
36. _, and J. J. Hack, 1982: Inertial stability and tropical cyclone development. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1687-1697.
37. Shapiro, M. A., and D. Keyser, 1990: Fronts, jet, streams, and the tropopause. Extratropical Cyclones: The Erik Palmen Memorial Volume, C. Newton and E. O. Holopainen, Eds., American Meteorological Society, 167-191.
38. Smith, R. K., 1981: The cyclostrophic adjustment of vortices with application to tropical cyclone modification. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2021-2030.
39. Stoelinga, M. T., 1993: Assessing the role of frictional and diabatic processes in a numerically simulated frontal cyclone using potential vorticity analysis. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 221 pp.
40. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1993: The Goddard cumulus ensemble mode. Part I: Model description. Terr., Atmos. and Oceanic Sci., 4, 35-72.
41. Wakimoto, R. M., N. T. Atkins, and C. Liu, 1995: Observation of the early evolution of an explosive oceanic cyclone during ER-ICA IOP 5. Part II: Airborne Doppler analysis of the mesoscale circulation and frontal structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 1311-1327.
42. Zhang, D.-L., E.-Y. Hsie, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1988: A comparison of explicit and implicit predictions of convective and stratiform precipitating weather systems with a meso-β scale numerical model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 114, 31-60.