Tacit knowledge, the life cycle and international manufacturing transfer

Technology Analysis and Strategic Management

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 149-162

  Grant, E B ^a   Gregory, M J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000157988     PISSN: 09537325     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09537329708524276     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Y. Shi & M. J. Gregory, 'International Manufacturing Configurations: Contingency Maps for Manufacturing internationalisation', in: D. Draaijer, H. Boer & K. Krabbendam (Eds), Management and New Production Systems, Proceedings of the EurOMA 2nd International Conference, University of Twente, Holland, 1995, pp. 422-431.
2. See, for example, D. J. Teece, 'Technology Transfer by Multinational Firm: the Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-how', The Economic Journal, 87, 1977, pp. 242-261; R. Hayes & S. Wheelwright, Restoring Our Competitive Edge: Competing Through Manufacturing (New York, Wiley, 1984).
3. See, for example, D. J. Teece, 'Technology Transfer by Multinational Firm: the Resource Cost of Transferring Technological Know-how', The Economic Journal, 87, 1977, pp. 242-261; R. Hayes & S. Wheelwright, Restoring Our Competitive Edge: Competing Through Manufacturing (New York, Wiley, 1984).
4. See, for example, J. Howells, 'Tacit Knowledge, Innovation and Technology Transfer', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 91-105; E. Rebentisch & M. Ferretti 'A Knowledge Asset-based View of Technology Transfer in International Joint Ventures', Working Paper No. 86-93, Sloan School of Management, 1993.
5. See, for example, J. Howells, 'Tacit Knowledge, Innovation and Technology Transfer', Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 8, 1996, pp. 91-105; E. Rebentisch & M. Ferretti 'A Knowledge Asset-based View of Technology Transfer in International Joint Ventures', Working Paper No. 86-93, Sloan School of Management, 1993.
6. I. H. Giddy, 'The Demise of the Product Cycle Model in International Business Theory', Columbia Journal of World Business, Spring 1978, pp. 90-97; R. Vernon, 'International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle', The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 1966, pp. 190-207.
7. I. H. Giddy, 'The Demise of the Product Cycle Model in International Business Theory', Columbia Journal of World Business, Spring 1978, pp. 90-97; R. Vernon, 'International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle', The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80, 1966, pp. 190-207.
8. R. M. Grant, R. Krishnan, A. B. Shani & R. Baer, 'Appropriate Manufacturing Technology: a Strategic Approach', Sloan Management Review, Fall 1991, pp. 43-54.
9. Vernon, op. cit., Ref. 4, p. 203.
10. See, for example, Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2; T. Hill, Manufacturing Strategy: the Strategic Management of the Manufacturing Function (London, Macmillan, 1985).
11. See, for example, Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2; T. Hill, Manufacturing Strategy: the Strategic Management of the Manufacturing Function (London, Macmillan, 1985).
12. See, for example, Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2.; Hill, op. cit., Ref. 7; S. Hirsch, 'The Product Cycle Model of International Trade - A Multi-Country Cross-section Analysis', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 37, 1975, pp. 305-317; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; L. T. Wells, 'International Trade: The Product Life Cycle Approach', in: L. T. Wells (Ed.), The Product Life Cycle and International Trade (Boston, Harvard, 1972), pp. 3-33.
13. See, for example, Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2.; Hill, op. cit., Ref. 7; S. Hirsch, 'The Product Cycle Model of International Trade - A Multi-Country Cross-section Analysis', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 37, 1975, pp. 305-317; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; L. T. Wells, 'International Trade: The Product Life Cycle Approach', in: L. T. Wells (Ed.), The Product Life Cycle and International Trade (Boston, Harvard, 1972), pp. 3-33.
14. See, for example, Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2.; Hill, op. cit., Ref. 7; S. Hirsch, 'The Product Cycle Model of International Trade - A Multi-Country Cross-section Analysis', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 37, 1975, pp. 305-317; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; L. T. Wells, 'International Trade: The Product Life Cycle Approach', in: L. T. Wells (Ed.), The Product Life Cycle and International Trade (Boston, Harvard, 1972), pp. 3-33.
15. See, for example, Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2.; Hill, op. cit., Ref. 7; S. Hirsch, 'The Product Cycle Model of International Trade - A Multi-Country Cross-section Analysis', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 37, 1975, pp. 305-317; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; L. T. Wells, 'International Trade: The Product Life Cycle Approach', in: L. T. Wells (Ed.), The Product Life Cycle and International Trade (Boston, Harvard, 1972), pp. 3-33.
16. See, for example, Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2.; Hill, op. cit., Ref. 7; S. Hirsch, 'The Product Cycle Model of International Trade - A Multi-Country Cross-section Analysis', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 37, 1975, pp. 305-317; D. J. Teece, 'The Market for Know-how and the Efficient International Transfer of Technology', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 81-96; L. T. Wells, 'International Trade: The Product Life Cycle Approach', in: L. T. Wells (Ed.), The Product Life Cycle and International Trade (Boston, Harvard, 1972), pp. 3-33.
17. R. Robinson, 'Toward Creating an International Technology Transfer Paradigm', in: R. Robinson (Ed.), The International Communication of Technology (New York, Taylor & Francis, 1991), pp. 9-23.
18. Teece, op. cit., Ref. 2; Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2.
19. Teece, op. cit., Ref. 2; Hayes & Wheelwright, op. cit., Ref. 2.
20. Teece, op. cit., Ref 8.
21. F. J. Contractor, 'Interfirm Technology Transfers and the Theory of Multinational Enterprises', in: R. Robinson (Ed.), The International Communication of Technology (New York, Taylor and Francis, 1991), pp. 57-77.
22. G. Ietto-Gillies, International Production: Trends, Theories, Effects (Oxford, Blackwell, 1992).
23. P. Killing, 'Technology Acquisition: License Agreement or Joint Venture', Columbia Journal of World Business, Fall 1980, pp. 38-46; S. P. Magee, 'The Appropriability Theory of the Multinational Corporation', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 123-135; M. N. Sharif & A. K. M. A. Haq, 'A Time-level Model of Technology Transfer', IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM-27, 2, 1980, pp. 49-58.
24. P. Killing, 'Technology Acquisition: License Agreement or Joint Venture', Columbia Journal of World Business, Fall 1980, pp. 38-46; S. P. Magee, 'The Appropriability Theory of the Multinational Corporation', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 123-135; M. N. Sharif & A. K. M. A. Haq, 'A Time-level Model of Technology Transfer', IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM-27, 2, 1980, pp. 49-58.
25. P. Killing, 'Technology Acquisition: License Agreement or Joint Venture', Columbia Journal of World Business, Fall 1980, pp. 38-46; S. P. Magee, 'The Appropriability Theory of the Multinational Corporation', Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 458, 1981, pp. 123-135; M. N. Sharif & A. K. M. A. Haq, 'A Time-level Model of Technology Transfer', IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, EM-27, 2, 1980, pp. 49-58.
26. See Giddy, op. cit., Ref. 4.; R. Vernon, 'The Location of Economic Activity', in: J. Dunning (Ed.), Economic Analysis and the Multinational Enterprise (London, Allen and Unwin, 1974), pp. 89-114; R. Vernon, 'The Product Life Cycle Hypothesis in a New International Environment', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41, 1979, pp. 255-267.
27. See Giddy, op. cit., Ref. 4.; R. Vernon, 'The Location of Economic Activity', in: J. Dunning (Ed.), Economic Analysis and the Multinational Enterprise (London, Allen and Unwin, 1974), pp. 89-114; R. Vernon, 'The Product Life Cycle Hypothesis in a New International Environment', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41, 1979, pp. 255-267.
28. See Giddy, op. cit., Ref. 4.; R. Vernon, 'The Location of Economic Activity', in: J. Dunning (Ed.), Economic Analysis and the Multinational Enterprise (London, Allen and Unwin, 1974), pp. 89-114; R. Vernon, 'The Product Life Cycle Hypothesis in a New International Environment', Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 41, 1979, pp. 255-267.
29. R. E. Bohn, 'Measuring and Managing Technological Knowledge', Sloan Management Review, Fall 1994, pp. 61-73.
30. M. Polanyi, 'Knowing and Being', Mind n.s., 70, 1961, pp. 458-470.
31. M. Polanyi, 'Tacit Knowing: Its Bearing on Some Problems of Philosophy', Review of Modern Physics, 34, 1962, pp. 601-616.
32. Howells, op. cit., Ref. 3.; N. Rosenberg, Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 120-140.
33. Howells, op. cit., Ref. 3.; N. Rosenberg, Inside the Black Box: Technology and Economics (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982), pp. 120-140.
34. C. Hendry, 'Understanding and Creating Whole Organisational Change through Learning Theory', paper presented to Corporate Change: an international conference, 1995, University of New South Wales, Australia.
35. M. Polanyi, 'The Logic of Tacit Inference', Philosophy, 41, 1966, pp. 1-18.
36. J. C. Spender, Industry Recipes (Blackwell, Oxford, 1989).
37. 'Know-why' is defined as the understanding of the relationship between a dependent and independent variable: see, for example, Bohn, op. cit., Ref. 16, p. 64;
38. 'Know-why' is defined as the understanding of the relationship between a dependent and independent variable: see, for example, Bohn, op. cit., Ref. 16, p. 64; D. H. Kim, 'The Link between Individual and Organisational Learning', Sloan Management Review, Fall 1993, p. 38.
39. Rebentisch & Ferretti, op. cit., Ref. 3.
40. V. Pucik, 'Technology Transfer in Strategic Alliances: Competitive Collaboration and Organisational Learning', in: T. Agmon & M. Von Glinow (Eds), Technology Transfer in International Business (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991).
41. Y. Aharoni, 'Education and Technology Transfer', in: T. Agmon & M. Von Glinow (Eds), Technology Transfer in International Business (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991); B. L. Kedia & R. S. Bhagat, 'Cultural Constraints on Transfer of Technology Across Nations: Implications for Research in International and Comparative Management', Academy of Management Review, 13, 1988, pp. 559-571; L. Westphal, L. Kim & C. J. Dahlman, 'Reflections on the Republic of Korea's Acquisition of Technological Capability', in: N. Rosenberg and C. Frischtak (Eds), International Technology Transfer (New York, Praeger, 1985).
42. Y. Aharoni, 'Education and Technology Transfer', in: T. Agmon & M. Von Glinow (Eds), Technology Transfer in International Business (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991); B. L. Kedia & R. S. Bhagat, 'Cultural Constraints on Transfer of Technology Across Nations: Implications for Research in International and Comparative Management', Academy of Management Review, 13, 1988, pp. 559-571; L. Westphal, L. Kim & C. J. Dahlman, 'Reflections on the Republic of Korea's Acquisition of Technological Capability', in: N. Rosenberg and C. Frischtak (Eds), International Technology Transfer (New York, Praeger, 1985).
43. Y. Aharoni, 'Education and Technology Transfer', in: T. Agmon & M. Von Glinow (Eds), Technology Transfer in International Business (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1991); B. L. Kedia & R. S. Bhagat, 'Cultural Constraints on Transfer of Technology Across Nations: Implications for Research in International and Comparative Management', Academy of Management Review, 13, 1988, pp. 559-571; L. Westphal, L. Kim & C. J. Dahlman, 'Reflections on the Republic of Korea's Acquisition of Technological Capability', in: N. Rosenberg and C. Frischtak (Eds), International Technology Transfer (New York, Praeger, 1985).
44. Killing, op. cit., Ref. 14.
45. B. Morgan, 'Transferring Soft Technology', in: R. Robinson (Ed.), The International Communication of Technology (New York, Taylor and Francis, 1991), pp. 149-166; N. Rosenberg & C. Frischtak, International Technology Transfer: Concepts, Measures and Comparisons (New York, Praeger, 1985).
46. B. Morgan, 'Transferring Soft Technology', in: R. Robinson (Ed.), The International Communication of Technology (New York, Taylor and Francis, 1991), pp. 149-166; N. Rosenberg & C. Frischtak, International Technology Transfer: Concepts, Measures and Comparisons (New York, Praeger, 1985).
47. Howells, op. cit., Ref. 3.
48. Polanyi, op. cit., Refs 17, 18, 21.
49. Polanyi, op. cit., Ref. 21, p. 18.
50. D. J. Teece, G. Pisano & A. Shuen, 'Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management', Working Paper, University of California at Berkeley, 1992.
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52. Howells, op. cit., Ref. 3.
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54. Rebentisch & Ferretti, op. cit., Ref. 3.
55. M. A. Collet, 'A Contingency Model of International Manufacturing Configuration', Paper presented at ORSA/TIMS, October 1994, Detroit.
56. Collet, op. cit., Ref. 37, p. 18.
57. J. N. Behrman, W. A. Fischer & D. F. Simon, 'Transferring Technology to China', in: R. Robinson (Ed.), The International Communication of Technology (New York, Taylor and Francis, 1991), pp. 79-91.
58. Garud & Nayyar, op. cit., Ref. 35.
59. C. A. Hemais, 'International Transfer of Technology-Development of a Model', in: D. Bennett & F. Steward (Eds), Technological Innovation and Global Challenges (Birmingham, Aston Business School, 1995).
60. R. Mason, R. Miller & D. Weigel (Eds), International Business (New York, Wiley, 1981).
61. E. B. Grant, 'Manufacturing Process Fitness for Transfer: a Cross Case Analysis of MNE Operations in China', Working Paper 96/09, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, 'Data Connector and Powercord Manufacturing in the UK, US, Mexico and China: a Case Study in International Manufacturing Transfer', Working Paper 96/08, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, 'The Transfer of Pager Manufacturing to India: a Pilot Case', Working Paper 96/07, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, On a Screen Near You: Philips' International Manufacturing of Picture Tubes', in: Proceedings of the EPSRC International Manufacturing Research Workshop, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 29-34.
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63. E. B. Grant, 'Manufacturing Process Fitness for Transfer: a Cross Case Analysis of MNE Operations in China', Working Paper 96/09, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, 'Data Connector and Powercord Manufacturing in the UK, US, Mexico and China: a Case Study in International Manufacturing Transfer', Working Paper 96/08, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, 'The Transfer of Pager Manufacturing to India: a Pilot Case', Working Paper 96/07, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, On a Screen Near You: Philips' International Manufacturing of Picture Tubes', in: Proceedings of the EPSRC International Manufacturing Research Workshop, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 29-34.
64. E. B. Grant, 'Manufacturing Process Fitness for Transfer: a Cross Case Analysis of MNE Operations in China', Working Paper 96/09, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, 'Data Connector and Powercord Manufacturing in the UK, US, Mexico and China: a Case Study in International Manufacturing Transfer', Working Paper 96/08, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, 'The Transfer of Pager Manufacturing to India: a Pilot Case', Working Paper 96/07, Cambridge University Manufacturing Engineering Department, 1996; E. B. Grant, On a Screen Near You: Philips' International Manufacturing of Picture Tubes', in: Proceedings of the EPSRC International Manufacturing Research Workshop, Cambridge, 1996, pp. 29-34.
65. A. S. Mukherjee, M. A. Lapre & L. N. Van Wassenhove, 'Knowledge Driven Quality Improvement', INSEAD Working Paper, 95/48/TM, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, 1995.
66. C. S. Galbraith, 'Transferring Core Manufacturing Technologies in High-technology Firms', California Management Review, Summer 1990, pp. 56-70; S. B. Prasad, 'Technology Transfer: the Approach of a Dutch Multinational', Technovation, 4, 1986, pp. 3-15.
67. C. S. Galbraith, 'Transferring Core Manufacturing Technologies in High-technology Firms', California Management Review, Summer 1990, pp. 56-70; S. B. Prasad, 'Technology Transfer: the Approach of a Dutch Multinational', Technovation, 4, 1986, pp. 3-15.
68. Kim, op. cit., Ref. 23, pp. 37-50.
69. Polanyi, op. cit., Ref. 21, p. 5.
70. Howells, op. cit., Ref. 3.