Restoration biology: A population biology perspective

Restoration Ecology

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 277-290

  Montalvo, Arlee M ^a   Williams, Susan L ^b   Rice, Kevin J ^c   Buchmann, Stephen L ^d   Cory, Coleen ^e   Handel, Steven N ^f   Nabhan, Gary P ^g   Primack, Richard ^h   Robichaux, Robert H ⁱ  

^a PACIFIC SOUTHWEST RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

^b SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^d CARL HAYDEN BEE RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^e THE NATURE CONSERVANCY   (United States)

^f RUTGERS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^g ARIZONA SONORA DESERT MUSEUM   (United States)

^h Boston University   (United States)

ⁱ University of Arizona   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000104979     PISSN: 10612971     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.00542.x     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Aarssen, L. W., and R. Turkington. 1985a. Vegetation dynamics and neighbour associations in pasture-community evolution. Journal of Ecology 73:585-603.
2. Aarssen, L. W., and R. Turkington. 1985b. Biotic specialization between neighbouring genotypes in Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens from a permanent pasture. Journal of Ecology 73: 605-614.
3. Allen, M. F. 1991. The ecology of mycorrhizae. Cambridge University Press, New York.
4. Augspurger, C. K. 1981. Reproductive synchrony of a tropical shrub: experimental studies on effects of pollinators and seed predators on Hybanthus prunifolius (Violoaceae). Ecology 62:775-788.
5. Baker, H. G., and G. L. Stebbins. 1965. The genetics of colonizing species. Academic Press, London.
6. Barrett, S. C. H., and B. C. Husband. 1989. The genetics of plant migration and colonization. Pages 254-277 in A. H. D. Brown, M. T. Clegg, A. L. Kahler, and B. S. Weir, editors. Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
7. Barrett, S. C. H., and J. R. Kohn. 1991. Genetic and evolutionary consequences of small population size in plants: implications for conservation. Pages 3-30 in D. A. Falk and K. E. Holsinger, editors. Genetics and conservation of rare plants. Oxford University Press, New York.
8. Beattie, A. J. 1985. The evolutionary ecology of ant-plant mutualisms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
9. Bell, S. S., M. S. Fonseca, and L. B. Mooten. 1997. Linking restoration and landscape ecology. Restoration Ecology. 5:318-323.
10. Boucher, D. H., editor. 1985. The biology of mutualism: ecology and evolution. Oxford University Press, New York.
11. Bowles, M. L., and C. J. Whelan, editors. 1994. Restoration of endangered species: conceptual issues, planning, and implementation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
12. Bradshaw, A. D. 1965. Evolutionary significance of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Advances in Genetics 13:115-155.
13. Bradshaw, A. D. 1984. Ecological significance of genetic variation between populations. Pages 213-228 in R. Dirzo and J. Sarukhan, editors. Perspectives on plant population ecology. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
14. Bradshaw, A. D., and M. J. Chadwick. 1980. The restoration of land: the ecology and reclamation of derelict and degraded land. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
15. Bradshaw, A. D., and T. McNeilly. 1981. Evolution and pollution. Edward Arnold, London.
16. Bronstein, J. L. 1995. The plant-pollinator landscape. Pages 256-288 in L. Hansson, L. Fahrig, and G. Merriam, editors. Mosaic landscapes and ecological processes. Chapman and Hall, London.
17. Buchmann, S. L., and G. P. Nabhan. 1996. The forgotten pollinators. Island Press, Washington, D.C.
18. Caswell, H. 1989. Matrix population models: construction, analysis, and interpretation. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
19. Charlesworth, D., and B. Charlesworth. 1987. Inbreeding depression and its evolutionary consequences. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18:237-268.
20. Clausen, J., D. D. Keck, and W. M. Hiesey. 1940. Experimental studies on the nature of species. I. The effect of varied environments on western North American plants. Publ. No. 520. Carnegie Institute of Washington.
21. Clausen, J., D. D. Keck, and W. M. Hiesey. 1947. Heredity of geographically and ecologically isolated races. American Naturalist 81:114-133.
22. Clausen, J., D. D. Keck, and W. M. Hiesey. 1948. Experimental studies on the nature of species. III. Environmental responses of climatic races of Achillea. Publ. No. 581. Carnegie Institute of Washington.
23. Clewell, A., and J. Rieger. 1997. What practitioners need from restoration ecologists. Restoration Ecology (this issue).
24. Conkle, M. T. 1973. Growth data for 29 years from the California elevational transect study of ponderosa pine. Forest Science 19:31-39.
25. DeMauro, M. M. 1994. Development and implementation of a recovery program for the federal threatened Lakeside daisy (Hymenoxys acaulis var. glabra). Pages 298-321 in M. L. Bowles and C. J. Whelan, editors. Restoration of endangered species: conceptual issues, planning, and implementation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
26. Doak, D. 1989. Spotted owls and old growth logging in the Pacific Northwest. Conservation Biology 3:389-396.
27. Dobzhansky, T. 1973. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. American Biology Teacher 35:125-129.
28. Ellstrand, N. C., and D. Elam. 1993. Population consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24:217-242.
29. Ellstrand, N. C., and D. L. Marshall. 1985. Interpopulation gene flow by pollen in the wild radish, Raphanus sativus. American Naturalist 126:606-616.
30. Endler, J. A. 1977. Geographic variation, speciation, and clines. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
31. Endler, J. A. 1986. Natural selection in the wild. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
32. Falconer, D. S. 1981. Introduction to quantitative genetics, 2nd edition. Longman, New York.
33. Falk, D. A., and K. E. Holsinger, editors. 1991. Genetics and conservation of rare plants. Oxford University Press, New York.
34. Falk, D. A., C. I. Millar, and M. Olwell, editors. 1996. Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants. Island Press, Covelo, California.
35. Fenster, C. B., and M. R. Dudash. 1994. Genetic considerations for plant population restoration and conservation. Pages 34-62 in M. L. Bowles and C. J. Whelan, editors. Restoration of endangered species: conceptual issues, planning, and implementation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
36. Fiedler, P. L., and R. D. Laven. 1996. Selecting reintroduction sites. Pages 157-169 in D. A. Falk, C. I. Millar, and M. Olwell, editors. Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants. Island Press, Covelo, California.
37. Fonseca, M. S., W. J. Kenworthy, and G. W. Thayer. 1988. Restoration and management of seagrass systems: a review. Pages 353-368 in D. D. Hook, W. H. Mckee, Jr., H. K. Smith, J. Gregory, V. G. Burrell, Jr., M. R. DeVoe, R. E. Sojka, S. Gilbert, R. Banks, L. H. Stolzy, C. Brooks, T. D. Matthews, and T. H. Shear, editors. The ecology and management of wetlands, Volume 2. Management, use and value of wetlands. Timber Press, Portland, Oregon.
38. Frankham, R. 1995. Conservation genetics. Annual Review of Genetics 29:305-327.
39. Gilpin, M. E. 1987. Spatial structure and population vulnerability. Pages 125-139 in M. E. Soulé, editor. Viable populations for conservation. Cambridge University Press, New York.
40. Gilpin, M. E., and M. E. Soulé. 1986. Minimum viable populations: processes of species extinction. Pages 19-34 in M. E. Soulé, editor. Conservation biology: the science of scarcity and diversity. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
41. Guerrant, E. O., Jr. 1992. Genetic and demographic considerations in the sampling and reintroduction of rare plants. Pages 321-344 in P. L. Fiedler and S. K. Jain, editors. Conservation biology: the theory and practice of nature conservation, preservation, and management. Chapman and Hall, New York.
42. Guerrant, E. O., Jr. 1996. Designing populations: demographic, genetic, and horticultural dimensions. Pages 171-207 in D. A. Falk, C. I. Millar, and M. Olwell, editors. Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants. Island Press, Covelo, California.
43. Hamrick, J. L., and M. J. W. Godt. 1989. Allozyme diversity in plant species. Pages 43-63 in A. H. D. Brown, M. T. Clegg, A. L. Kahler, and B. S. Weir, editors. Plant population genetics, breeding, and genetic resources. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
44. Hamrick, J. L., M. J. W. Godt, and S. L. Sherman-Broyles. 1992. Factors influencing levels of genetic diversity in woody plant species. New Forests 6:95-124.
45. Handel, S. N. 1997. Role of plant-animal mutualisms in the design and restoration of natural communities. Pages 111-132 in K. M. Urbanzka, N. R. Webb, and P. J. Edwards, editors. Restoration ecology and sustainable development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
46. Handel, S. N., G. R. Robinson, and A. J. Beattie. 1994. Biodiversity resources for restoration ecology. Restoration Ecology 2:230-241.
47. Harper, J. L. 1977. Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London.
48. Hartl, D. L., and A. G. Clark. 1989. Principles of population genetics. 2nd edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
49. Hastings, A., and S. Harrison. 1994. Metapopulation dynamics and genetics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24: 167-188.
50. Heywood, J. S. 1986. The effect of plant size variation on genetic drift in populations of annuals. American Naturalist 127: 851-861.
51. Hillyard, D. 1990. Coastal sage scrub restoration in. Orange County: two approaches. Pages 20-25 in P. J. Bryant and J. Remington, editors. Endangered wildlife and habitats in Southern California. Memoirs of the Natural History Foundation of Orange County, Newport Beach, California.
52. Hobbs, R. J., and D. A. Norton. 1996. Towards a conceptual framework for restoration ecology. Restoration Ecology 4: 93-110.
53. Hoffmann, A. A., and P. A. Parsons. 1991. Evolutionary genetics and environmental stress. Oxford University Press, New York.
54. Huenneke, L. F. 1991. Ecological implications of genetic variation in plant populations. Pages 31-44 in D. A. Falk and K. E. Holsinger, editors. Genetics and conservation of rare plants. Oxford University Press, New York.
55. Hutchinson, G. E. 1965. The ecological theater and the evolutionary play. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
56. Kitzmiller, J. H. 1990. Managing genetic diversity in a tree improvement program. Forest Ecology and Management 35: 131-149.
57. Knapp, E. E., and K. J. Rice. 1994. Starting from seed: genetic issues in using native grasses for restoration. Restoration and Management Notes 12:40-45.
58. Lacy, R. C. 1987. Loss of genetic diversity from managed populations: interacting effects of drift, mutation, immigration, selection and population subdivision. Conservation Biology 1: 143-158.
59. Lande, R. 1988. Genetics and demography in biological conservation. Science 241:1455-1460.
60. Lande, R. 1994. Risk of population extinction from fixation of new deleterious mutations. Evolution 48:1460-1469.
61. Lande, R., and G. F. Barrowclough. 1987. Effective population size, genetic variation, and their use in population management. Pages 87-123 in M. E. Soulé, editor. Viable populations for conservation. Cambridge University Press, New York.
62. Lande, R., D. W. Schemske, and S. T. Schultz. 1994. High inbreeding depression, selective interference among loci, and the threshold selfing rate for purging recessive lethal mutations. Evolution 48:965-978.
63. Larson, A., D. B. Wake, and K. P. Yanev. 1984. Measuring gene flow among populations having high levels of genetic fragmentation. Genetics 106:293-308.
64. Leberg, P. L. 1993. Strategies for population reintroduction: effects of genetic variability on population growth and size. Conservation Biology 7:194-199.
65. Leck, M. A., V. T. Parker, and R. L. Simpson, editors. 1989. Ecology of seed banks. Academic Press, San Diego, California.
66. Leong, J. M. 1994. Pollination of a patchily-distributed plant, Blennosperma nanum, in natural and artificially created vernal pool habitats. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Davis.
67. Linhart, Y. B., and M. C. Grant. 1996. Evolutionary significance of local genetic differentiation in plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 27:237-277.
68. Loope, L. L., and A. C. Medeiros. 1994. Impacts of biological invasion on the management and recovery of rare plants in Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Pages 143-158 in M. L. Bowles and C. J. Whelan, editors. Restoration of endangered species: conceptual issues, planning, and implementation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
69. Lubchenco, J., A. M. Olsen, L. B. Brubaker, S. R. Carpenter, M. M. Holland, S. P. Hubbell, S. A. Levin, J. A. MacMahon, P. A. Matson, J. M. Melillo, H. A. Mooney, C. H. Peterson, H. R. Pulliam, L. A. Real, P. J. Regal, and P. G. Risser. 1991. The Sustainable Biosphere Initiative: an ecological research agenda. Ecology 72:371-412.
70. McClanahan, T. R., and R. W. Wolfe. 1993. Accelerating forest succession in a fragmented landscape: the role of birds and perches. Conservation Biology 7:279-288.
71. McNeilly, T. 1987. Evolutionary lessons from degraded ecosystems. Pages 271-286 in W. R. Jordan, M. E. Gilpin, and J. D. Aber, editors. Restoration ecology: a synthetic approach to ecological research. Cambridge University Press, New York.
72. Menges, E. S. 1990. Population viability analysis for an endangered plant. Conservation Biology 4:52-62.
73. Millar, C. I. and W. J. Libby. 1989. Disneyland or native ecosystem: genetics and the restorationist. Restoration and Management Notes 7:18-24.
74. Millar, C. I., and W. J. Libby. 1991. Strategies for conserving clinal, ecotypic, and disjunct population diversity in widespread species. Pages 149-170 in D. A. Falk and K. E. Holsinger, editors. Genetics and conservation of rare plants. Oxford University Press, New York.
75. Montalvo, A. M. 1994. Inbreeding depression and maternal effects in Aquilegia caerulea, a partially selfing plant. Ecology 75:2395-2409.
76. Nabhan, G. P., and S. L. Buchmann. 1997. Services provided by pollinators. Pages 133-150 in G. Daly, editor. Nature's services: societal dependence on natural ecosystems. Island Press, Washington, D. C.
77. Nunney, L., and K. Campbell. 1993. Assessing minimum viable population size: demography meets population genetics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8:234-239.
78. Nunney, L., and D. R. Elam. 1994. Estimating the effective popu-lation size of conserved populations. Conservation Biology 8:175-184.
79. Parsons, P. A. 1983. The evolutionary biology of colonizing species. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
80. Pavlik, B. M. 1994. Demographic monitoring and the recovery of endangered plants. Pages 322- 350 in M. L. Bowles and C. J. Whelan, editors. Restoration of endangered species: conceptual issues, planning, and implementation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
81. Pavlik, B. M. 1996. Defining and measuring success. Pages 127-155 in D. A. Falk, C. I. Millar, and M. Olwell, editors. Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants. Island Press, Covelo, California.
82. Pavlik, B. M., D. L. Nickrent, and A. M. Howald. 1993. The recovery of an endangered plant. I. Creating a new population of Amsinckia grandiflora. Conservation Biology 7:510-526.
83. Primack, R. B. 1996. Lessons from ecological theory: dispersal, establishment, and population structure. Pages 209-233 in D. A. Falk, C. I. Millar, and M. Olwell, editors. Restoring diversity: strategies for reintroduction of endangered plants. Island Press, Covelo, California.
84. Reichard, S. H. 1996. Biogeographic and taxonomic patterns in the invasive and non-invasive flora of Hawaii. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 73:371.
85. Rejmánek, M. 1996. A theory of seed plant invasiveness: the first sketch. Biological Conservation 78:171-181.
86. Rice, K. J. 1990. Reproductive hierarchies in Erodium: effects of variation in plant density and rainfall distribution . Ecology 71:1317-1322.
87. Rice, K. J. 1995. What is native? Genetic aspects of ecosystem restoration. Pages 28-30 in Proceedings of the Symposium on Sustaining Rangeland Ecosystems. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon.
88. Robinson, G. R., and S. N. Handel. 1993. Forest restoration on a closed landfill: rapid addition of new species by bird dispersal. Conservation Biology 7:271-278.
89. Robinson, G. R., and J. F. Quinn. 1992. Habitat fragmentation, species diversity, extinction, and design of nature reserves. Pages 223-248 in S. K. Jain and L. W. Botsford, editors. Applied population biology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston.
90. Roubik, D. W. 1989. Ecology and natural history of tropical bees. Cambridge University Press, New York.
91. Scheiner, S. M., and J. A. Teeri. 1986. Phenotypic flexibility and genetic adaptation along a gradient of secondary forest succession in the grass Danthonia spicata. Canadian Journal of Botany 64:739-747.
92. Schemske, D. W., B. C. Husband, M. H. Ruckelshaus, C. Goodwillie, I. M. Parker, and J. G. Bishop. 1994. Evaluating approaches to the conservation of rare and endangered plants. Ecology 75:584-606.
93. Schlichting, C. D., and D. A. Levin. 1986. Phenotypic plasticity: an evolving plant character. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society of London 29:37-47.
94. Schmidt, K. P., and D. A. Levin. 1985. The comparative demography of reciprocally sown populations of Phlox drummondii Hook. I. Survivorships, fecundities, and finite rates of increase. Evolution 39:396-404.
95. Seeley, T. D. 1985. Honey bee ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
96. Silander, J. A. 1985. Microevolution in clonal plants. Pages 107-152 in J. B. C. Jackson, L. W. Buss, and R. E. Cook, editors. Population biology and evolution of clonal organisms. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.
97. Slatkin, M. 1973. Gene flow and selection in a cline. Genetics 75: 733-756.
98. Slatkin, M. 1985. Gene flow in natural populations. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16:393-430.
99. Smith, R. A. H., and A. D. Bradshaw. 1979. The use of heavy metal tolerant plant populations for the reclamation of metalliferous wastes. Journal of Applied Ecology 16:595-612.
100. Solbrig, O. T., editor. 1980. Demography and evolution in plant populations. Botanical Monographs, Volume 15. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.
101. Stanford, E. H., H. M. Laude, and J. A. Enloe. 1960. Effect of harvest dates and location on the genetic composition of the Syn1 generation of Pilgrim Ladino clover. Agronomy Journal 52:149-152.
102. Thorpe, R. W., and J. M. Leong. 1995. Native bee pollinators of vernal pool plants. Fremontia 23:3-7.
103. Varvio, S. -L., R. Chakraborty, and M. Nei. 1985. Genetic variation in subdivided populations and conservation genetics. Heredity 57:189-198.
104. Via, S. 1987. Genetic constraints on the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Pages 47-71 in V. Loeschcke, editor. Genetic constraints on adaptive evolution. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusetts.
105. Wagner, W. L., D. R. Herbst, and S. H. Sohmer, editors. 1990. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii. Bishop Museum Special Publication No. 83. University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hawaii.
106. Wallace, B. 1968. Topics in population genetics. Norton, New York.
107. Waser, N. M. 1993. Population structure, optimal outbreeding, and assortative mating in angiosperme. Pages 173-199 in N. W. Thornhill, editor. The natural history of inbreeding and outbreeding. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.
108. Westfall, R. D., and M. T. Conkle. 1992. Allozyme markers in breeding zone designation. New Forests 6:279-309.
109. White, P. S., and J. L. Walker. 1997. Approximating nature's variation: selecting and using reference sites and reference information in restoration ecology. Restoration Ecology 5:338-349.
110. Williams, S. L., and C. A. Davis. 1996. Population genetic analyses of transplanted eelgrass (Zostera maritima) beds reveal reduced genetic diversity in southern California. Restoration Ecology 4:163-180.
111. Willson, M. F. 1993. Dispersal mode, seed shadows, and colonization patterns. Vegetatio 108:261-280.
112. Wright, S. 1943. Isolation by distance. Genetics 28:114-138.
113. Wright, S. 1951. The genetical structure of populations. Annals of Eugenics 15:325-354.
114. Young, A., T. Boyle, and T. Brown. 1996. The population genetic consequences of habitat fragmentation for plants. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11:413-418.