Enriching the lives of zoo animals, and their welfare: Where research can be fundamental

Animal Welfare

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 151-175

  Robinson, M H ^a  

^a SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION   (United States)

Author keywords

Animal welfare; Enrichment; Exhibit design; Research; Zoos

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA;

EID: 0000085930     PISSN: 09627286     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/s0962728600020479     Document Type: Article

References (93)

1. Adams S and G Babladelis 1977 An ecological approach to animal groups in zoos. International Zoo News 24(5): 14-22, 25(6): 8-15
2. Adams S and G Babladelis 1977 An ecological approach to animal groups in zoos. International Zoo News 24(5): 14-22, 25(6): 8-15
3. Bayne K, Dexter S, Mainzer H, McCully C, Campbell G, and Yamada F 1992 The use of artificial turf as a foraging substrate for individually housed rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Animal Welfare 1: 39-53
4. Beck B B, Kleiman D G, Deitz, J M, Castro I, Carvalho C, Martins A and Rettberg-Beck B 1991 Losses and reproduction in reintroduced Golden Lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). Dodo 27: 50-61
5. Berlyne D E 1960 Conflict, Arousal and Curiosity. McGraw Hill: New York, USA
6. Bronikowski E J, Beck B B and Power M 1989 Innovation, exhibition and conservation: free-ranging tamarins at the National Zoological Park. AAZPA Annual Conference Proceedings pp 540-546. American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums: Wheeling, West Virginia, USA
7. Carlstead K 1996 Effects of Captivity on the Behavior of Wild Mammals In: Kleiman D G, Allen M E, Thompson K V, and Lumpkin S (eds) Wild Mammals in Captivity pp 317-333. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, USA
8. Carlstead K, Brown, J L and Seidensticker J 1993 Behavioral and Adrenocortical Responses to Environmental Changes in Leopard Cats. Zoo Biology 12: 333-352
9. Chamove A S 1989 Environmental enrichment: A review. Animal Technology 40: 155-178
10. Chance M R A 1962 An interpretation of some agonistic postures: The role of 'cut-off acts and postures. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 8: 71-89
11. Chapman C R 1990 On the neurobiological basis of suffering. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 13: 16-17
12. Curio E, Ernst E and Vieth W 1978 Cultural transmission of enemy recognition; one function of mobbing. Science 202: 899-901
13. Dantzer R and Mittleman G 1993 Functional consequences of behavioural stereotypy. In: Lawrence A B and Rushen J (eds) Stereotypic Animal Behaviour pp 147-172. CAB International: Wallingford, UK
14. Dawkins M S 1977 Do hens suffer in battery cages? Environmental preferences and welfare. Animal Behaviour 25: 1034-1046
15. Dawkins M S 1980 Animal Suffering, the Science of Animal Welfare. Chapman & Hall: London, UK
16. Dawkins M S 1983 The current state of preference tests in the assessment of animal welfare. In: Baxter S H, Baxter M R and MacCormack D (eds) Farm Animal Housing and Welfare pp 20-26. Martinus Nijhoff: The Hague, The Netherlands
17. Dawkins M S 1988 Behavioural deprivation: A central problem in animal welfare. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 24: 200-225
18. Dawkins M S 1990 From an animal's point of view: motivation, fitness and animal welfare. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 13: 1-9, 54-61
19. Delius J D 1989 Of mind memes and brain bugs, a natural history of culture. In: Koch W A (ed) The Nature Of Culture pp 26-79. Brockmeyer: Bochum, Germany
20. Delius J D 1991 The nature of culture. In: Dawkins M S, Halliday T R and Dawkins R (eds) The Tinbergen Legacy pp 75-99. Chapman & Hall: London, UK
21. Dittrich L 1990. Zoos and Behaviour. In: Scientific Proceedings of 45th Conference International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens pp 3-16. International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens: Apple Valley, Minnesota, USA
22. Dow S M 1986 Behavioural enrichment for captive animals. In: Scott P W and Greenwood A G (eds). Exotic Animals in the Eighties: 25th Anniversary Symposium of the British Veterinary Zoological Society pp 67-75. British Veterinary Zoological Society: London, UK
23. Eibl-Eibesfeldt I 1963 Angeborenes und Erworbenes im Verhalten einiger Sauger. Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 19: 165-182
24. Eisenberg J F and Kleiman D G 1977 The Usefulness of Behaviour Studies in Captive Breeding. Programmes for Mammals. In: Olney P J J (ed) International Zoo Yearbook 17: pp 81-88. Zoological Society of London: London, UK
25. Erwin J, Maple T L and Mitchell G 1979 Captivity and Behavior. Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA
26. Fraser A F 1988 Behavioural needs of livestock. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 19: 368-376
27. Fraser A F 1989 Animal welfare theory: the keyboard of the maintenance ethosystem. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 22: 177-190
28. Fraser D 1995 Science, values and animal welfare: Exploring the 'inextricable" connection. Animal Welfare 4: 103-117
29. Gewalt W 1990 Behavioural enrichment for Giant Otters, Kodiak Bears, and Cape Hunting Dogs in Duisberg Zoo. In: Scientific Proceedings of 45th Conference International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens pp 30-33. International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens: Apple Valley, Minnesota, USA
30. Greenberg R 1983 The role of neophobia in determining the degree of foraging specialization in some migrant warblers. American Naturalist 122: 111-130
31. Greenberg R 1984 Neophobia in the foraging site selection of a neotropical migrant bird: An experimental study. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 81: 3778-3780
32. Hediger H 1955 Studies of the Psychology and Behaviour of Captive Animals in Zoos and Circuses. Butterworths: London, UK
33. Hediger H 1964 Wild Animals in Captivity. An Outline of the Biology of Zoological Gardens. Dover Publications: New York, USA
34. Hediger H 1969 Man and Animal in the Zoo. Delcorte Press: New York, USA
35. Houpt K A 1991 Animal behavior and animal welfare. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 198: 1355-1360
36. Hughes B O and Duncan I J H 1988 The notion of ethological 'need' models of motivation and animal welfare. Animal Behaviour 36: 1696-1707
37. Hutchins M, Hancocks D and Calip T 1978 Behavioral engineering in the zoo: a critique. International Zoo News 25(7): 16-23, 25(8): 18-23
38. Hutchins M, Hancocks D and Calip T 1978 Behavioral engineering in the zoo: a critique. International Zoo News 25(7): 16-23, 25(8): 18-23
39. Hutchins M, Hancocks D and Calip T 1979 Behavioral engineering in the zoo: a critique. International Zoo News 26(1): 20-27
40. Hutchins, M, Hancocks D and Crockett C 1984 Naturalistic solutions to the behavioral problems of captive animals. Zoologische Garten 1/2: 28-42
41. Inglis I R and Ferguson N J K 1986 Starlings search for food rather than eat freely-available, identical food. Animal Behaviour 34: 614-617
42. Inglis I R and Shepherd D S 1990 Communication. In: Monaghan P and Wood-Gush D (eds) Managing the Behaviour of Animals pp 72-122. Chapman and Hall: London, UK
43. Itani J 1958 On the acquisition and propagation of a new habit in a natural group of the Japanese monkey at Takasaki-Yama. Primate 1: 84-98
44. IUDZG/CBSG (IUCN/SSC) 1993 The World Zoo Conservation Strategy. Chicago Zoological Society: Chicago, USA
45. Kiley-Worthington M 1990 Animals in Circuses and Zoos - Chirons World? Little Eco-Farms Publishing: Basildon, UK
46. Kiley-Worthington M 1993 Handling and teaching zoo animals. International Zoo News 243: 14-23
47. Kleiman D G 1974 Patterns of behaviour in hystricomorph rodents. In: Richards I W and Weir B (eds) The Biology of Hystricomorph Rodents pp 171-209. Zoological Society of London: London, UK
48. Kleiman D G 1996 Reintroduction programs. In: Kleiman D G, Allen M E, Thompson K V, and Lumpkin S (eds) Wild Mammals in Captivity pp 297-305. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, USA
49. Kummer H 1957 Soziales Verhalten einer Mantelpaviangruppe. Hans Huber: Bern, Switzerland
50. Kummer H 1968 Social Organization of Hamadryas Baboons. University of Chicago Press: Chicago, USA
51. Kummer H and Kurt F 1965 A comparison of social behavior in captive and free-living hamadryas baboons. In: Vagtborg H (ed) The Baboon in Medical Research pp 65-80. University of Texas Press: San Antonio, USA
52. Lawrence A B and Rushen J 1993 Stereotypic Animal Behaviour. CAB International: Wallingford UK
53. Lefebvre L 1986 Cultural diffusion of a novel food-finding behaviour in urban pigeons: an experimental field test. Ethology 71: 295-304
54. Leyhausen P 1961 Smaller cats in the zoo. In: Jarvis C and Morris D (eds) International Zoo Yearbook III pp 11-21. Zoological Society of London: London, UK
55. Leyhausen P 1979 Cat Behaviour. Garland Press: New York, USA
56. Lorenz K 1952 King Solomon's Ring. Methuen: London, UK
57. Lorenz K 1982 The Foundations of Ethology pp 325-333. Simon and Schuster: New York, USA
58. Lyall-Watson M 1967 A critical re-examination of food 'washing' behaviour in the raccoon (Procyon lotor Linn.). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 141: 371-393
59. Markowitz H 1975 Analysis and control of behavior in the zoo. In: Markowitz H Research in Zoos and Aquariums pp 77-90. National Academy of Sciences Press: Washington, DC, USA
60. Markowitz H 1982 Behavioral Enrichment in the Zoo. Von Nostrand Reinhold: New York, USA
61. Meritt D A 1985 The two-toed Hoffmann's sloth, (Choloepus hoffmani Peters). In: Montgomery G G (ed) The Evolution and Ecology of Armadillos, Sloths, and Vermilinguas pp 333-342. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington DC, USA
62. Monaghan P and Wood-Gush D 1990 Managing the Behaviour of Animals. Chapman and Hall: London, UK
63. Morris D 1961a Active life for zoo animals. New Scientist 241: 773-776
64. Morris D 1961b A new approach to the problem of exhibiting small mammals in zoos. In: Jarvis C and Morris D (eds) International Zoo Yearbook III pp 1-9. Zoological Society of London: London, UK
65. Morris D 1962 The behaviour of the green acouchi (Myoprocta pratti) with special reference to scatter hoarding. Proceedings of the Zoological of London 139: 701-732
66. Morris D 1965 Experimental nocturnal house at London Zoo. In: Jarvis M (ed) International Zoo Yearbook V pp 240-243. Zoological Society of London: London, UK
67. Morris D 1968 Must we have zoos? Life 65: 78-86
68. Moynihan M 1979 Geographic variation in social behavior and in adaptations to competition among Andean birds. Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Field Club 18: 1-162
69. Novak M A and Meyer J S 1990 Seeking the sources of simian suffering. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 13: 31-32
70. PETA 1993 Be a Zoo Checker. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals: Washington, DC, USA
71. Powell D M 1995 Preliminary evaluation of environmental enrichment techniques for African lions. Animal Welfare 4: 361-370
72. Rasa O A E 1971 Appetance for aggression in juvenile Damsel fish. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, Supplement 7: 70
73. Robinson M H 1989 Homage to Niko Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz: Is classical ethology relevant to zoos? Zoo Biology 8: 1-13
74. Robinson M H 1990 Ethology: zoo studies versus field studies. In: Scientific Proceedings of 45th Conference of the International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens pp 119-164. International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens: Apple Valley, Minnesota, USA
75. Robinson M H 1991 Animal rights, objections to zoos, and the evolution of bioparks. In: Scientific Proceedings of 46th Conference International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens pp. 18-45. International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens: Apple Valley, Minnesota, USA
76. Robinson M H 1992a Classical Ethology and Zoo Exhibits: Homage to Niko Tinbergen and Konrad Lorenz. In: Fourth Symposium of Paignton Zoological & Botanical Gardens pp 169-178. Whitley Wildlife Conservation Trust: Paignton, UK
77. Robinson M H 1992b Environmentalism and attacks on zoos, truth or fiction? Scientific Proceedings of 47th Conference International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens pp 78-98. International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens: Apple Valley, Minnesota, USA
78. Shepherdson D J, Meilen J D and Hutchins M (eds) 1998 Second Nature: Environmental Enrichment for Captive Animals. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, DC, USA
79. Singer P 1990 The significance of animal suffering. Behavioural and Brain Sciences 13: 9-12
80. Smith W J 1977 The Behavior of Communicating Harvard University Press: Cambridge USA
81. Snyder R 1977 Putting the wild back into the zoo. International Zoo News 144: 11-18
82. Spinelli J S and Markowitz H 1985 Prevention of cage-associated distress. Laboratory Animals 14: 19-28
83. Tannenbaum J 1991 Ethics and animal welfare: the inextricable connection. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 198: 1360-1376
84. Tiger L 1992 The Pursuit of Pleasure. Little Brown Company: Boston, USA
85. Tilson R L 1980 Klipspringer (Oeotragus otragus) social structure and predator avoidance in a desert canyon. Madoqua 11: 303-314
86. Tinbergen N 1951 The Study of Instinct. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK
87. Tudge C 1991 A wild time at the zoo. New Scientist 1750: 26-30
88. Tudge C 1992 Last Animals at the Zoo. Island Press: Washington DC, USA
89. Veasey J S, Waran N K and Young R J 1996a On comparing the behaviour of zoo housed animals with wild conspecifics as a welfare indicator, using the giraffe (Giraffa camelopardus) as a model. Animal Welfare 4: 139-153
90. Veasey J S, Waran N K and Young R J 1996b On comparing the behaviour of zoo housed animals with wild conspecifics as a welfare indicator. Animal Welfare 5: 13-24
91. Wood-Gush D G M and Vestergaard K 1991 The seeking of novelty and its relation to play. Animal Behaviour 42: 599-606
92. Wilson S F 1982 Environmental influences on the activity of captive apes. Zoo Biology 1: 201-209
93. Zuckerman S 1932 The Social Life of Monkeys and Apes. Kegan Paul: London, UK