Genotypic variation and molecular epidemiology of HIV

Infections in Medicine

Volumn 14, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 739-748

  Brodine, Stephanie K ^a   Mascola, John R ^b,d   McCutchan, Francine E ^c  

^a NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER SAN DIEGO   (United States)

^b WALTER REED ARMY INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH   (United States)

^c HENRY M JACKSON FOUNDATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF MILITARY MEDICINE   (United States)

^d NAVAL MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS); Diagnosis; Epidemiology; Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000078380     PISSN: 07496524     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men - New York City and California. MMWR 30:305-308, 1981.
2. Barre-Sinoussi F, Chermann JC, Rey F, et al: Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Science 220:868-871, 1983.
3. Popovic M, Sarngadharan MG, Read E, et al: Detection, isolation and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS. Science 224:497-500, 1984.
4. Marlink R, Kanki P, Thior I, et al: Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1. Science 265:1587-1590, 1994.
5. Pfutzner A, Dietrich U, von Eichel U, et al: HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in a high-risk population in Bombay, India: Evidence for the spread of HIV-2 and presence of a divergent HIV-1 subtype. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 5:972-977, 1992.
6. Quinn T: Global burden of the HIV pandemic. Lancet 348:99-106, 1996.
7. Burke DS, McCutchan FE: Global distribution of human immunodeficiency virus-1 clades, in DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA (eds): AIDS Etiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1992, pp 119-126.
8. Hu DJ, Dondero TJ, Reyfield MA, et al: The emerging diversity of HlV: The importance of global surveillance for diagnostics, research and prevention. JAMA 275:210-216, 1996.
9. Huang AS, Coffin JM: Virology: How does variation count? Nature 359:107-108, 1992.
10. Hanh BH, Shaw GM, Taylor ME, et al: Genetic variation in HTLV-III/LAV over time in patients with AIDS or at risk for AIDS. Science 232:1548-1553, 1986.
11. Gao F, Yue L, Hill SC, et al: HIV-1 sequence subtype D in the United States. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:625-627, 1994.
12. Louwagie J, Delwart EL, Mullins JI, et al: Genetic analysis of HIV-1 isolates from Brazil reveals presence of 2 distinct genetic subtypes. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 5:561-567, 1994.
13. Louwagie J, McCutchan FE, Peeters M, et al: Phylogenetic analysis of gag genes from 70 international HIV-1 isolates provides evidence for multiple genotypes. AIDS 7:769-780, 1993.
14. Chameau P, Borman AM, Quillent C, et al: Isolation and envelope sequence of a highly divergent HIV-1 isolate: Definition of a new HIV-1 group. J Virol 205:247-253, 1994.
15. Loussert-Ajaka I, Chaix ML, Korber B, et al: Variability of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 group O strains isolated from Cameroonian patients living in France. J Virol 69:5640-5649, 1995.
16. Vanden Haesevelde M, Decourt JL, De Leys RJ, et al: Genomic cloning and complete sequence analysis of a highly divergent African human immunodeficiency virus isolate. J Virol 68:1586-1596, 1994.
17. Artenstein AVV, VanCott TC, Mascola JR, et al: Dual infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 of distinct envelope subtypes in humans. J Infect Dis 171:805-810, 1995.
18. Carr JK, Salminen MO, Koch C, et al: Full-length sequence and mosaic structure of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate from Thailand. J Virol 70:5935-5943, 1996.
19. Robertson DS, Sharp PM, McCutchan FE, et al: Recombination of HIV-1. Nature 374: 124-126, 1995.
20. Cheingosong-Popov R, Lister S, Callow D, et al: Serotyping HlV type 1 by antibody binding to the V3 loop: Relationship to viral genotype. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:1379-1386, 1994.
21. Weniger BG, Limpakarnjanarat K, Ungchusak K, et al: The epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS in Thailand. AIDS 5(suppl2):S71-S85, 1991.
22. Murphy E, Korber B, George-Courbot MC, et al: Diversity of V3 region sequences of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from the Central African Republic. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 9:997-1006, 1993.
23. Marlink R: Lessons from the second AIDS virus, HIV-2. AIDS 10:689-699, 1996.
24. Zachar V, Goustin AS, Zacharova V, et al: Genetic polymorphism of envelope V3 region of HIV type 1: Subtypes A, C, and D from Nairobi, Kenya. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 12:75-78, 1996.
25. Anderson RM, Schwartländer B, McCutchan FE, et al: Implications of genetic variability in HlV for epidemiology and public health. Lancet 347:1778-1779, 1996.
26. Jalal F, Abednego HM, Sadimin T, et al: HIV and AIDS in Indonesia. AIDS 8(suppl 2):S91-S94, 1994.
27. Menu E, Xuan Lien TT, LaFon ME, et al: HIV type 1 Thai subtype E is predominant in South Vietnam. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 12:629-633, 1996.
28. Soeprapto W, Ertono S, Hudoyo H, et al: HIV and peacekeeping operations in Cambodia. Lancet 346:1304-1305, 1995. Letter.
29. Grez M, Dietrich U, Balfe P, et al: Genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) mixed infections in India reveals a recent spread of HIV-1 and HIV-2 from single ancestor for each of these viruses. J Virol 68:2161-2168, 1994.
30. Jameel S, Zafrullah M, Ahmad M, et al: A genetic analysis of HlV-1 from Punjab, India reveals the presence of multiple variants. AIDS 9:685-690, 1995.
31. Luo C, Tian C, Hu DJ, et al: HIV-1 subtype C in China. Lancet 345:1051-1052, 1995.
32. WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization: HIV type 1 variation in World Health Organization-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites: Genetic screening, sequence analysis, and preliminary biological characterization of selected viral strains. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:1327, 1994.
33. Brodine SK, Mascola JR, Weiss PJ, et al: Detection of diverse HIV-1 genetic subtypes in the USA. Lancet 346:1198-1199, 1995.
34. Fransen K, Buve A, Nkengasong JN, et al: Long-standing presence in Belgians of multiple non-B HIV-1 subtypes. Lancet 347:1403, 1996.
35. Irwin KL, Pau CP, Lupo D, et al: Presence of HIV-1 subtype A infection in a New York community with high HIV prevalence: A sentinel site for monitoring HIV genetic diversity in North America. J Infect Dis. In press.
36. De Leys R, Vanderborght M, Vanden Haesevelde L, et al: Isolation and partial characterization of an unusual human immunodeficiency retrovirus from 2 persons of West-Central African origin. J Virol 64:1207-1216, 1990.
37. Nkengasong JN, Janssens W, Heyndrickx L, et al: Genotypic subtypes of HIV-1 in Cameroon. AIDS 8:1405-1412, 1994.
38. Zekeng L, Gurtler L, Afane ZE, et al: Prevalence of HIV-1 subtype O infection in Cameroon: Preliminary results. AIDS 8:1626-1628, 1994.
39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Identification of HIV-1 group O infection - Los Angeles County, California, 1996. MMWR 45:561-565, 1996.
40. Loussert-Ajaka I, Ly TD, Chaix ML, et al: HIV-1/HIV-2 seronegativity in HIV-1 subtype O infected patients. Lancet 343:1393-1394, 1994.
41. Pau CP, Hu DJ, Spurill C, et al: Surveillance for HIV-1 group O infections in the United States. Transfusion 36:398-400, 1996.
42. Kostrikis LG, Bagdades E, Cao Y, et al: Genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains from patients in Cyprus: Identification of a new subtype designated subtype I. J Virol 69:6122-6130, 1995.
43. Leitner T, Alaius A, Marquina S, et al: Sequence note: Yet another subtype of HIV type 1. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 11:995-997, 1995.
44. McCutchan FE, Hegerich PA, Brennan TP, et al: Genetic variants of HIV-1 in Thailand. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 8:1887-1895, 1992.
45. Delwart EL, Shpaer EG, Louwagie J, et al: Genetic relationships determined by a DNA heteroduplex mobility assay: Analysis of HIV-1 env genes. Science 262:1257-1261, 1993.
46. VanCott TC, Bethke FR, Artenstein AW, et al: Serotyping international HIV-1 isolates by V3 peptides and whole gp160 proteins using BIAcore, in Methods: A Companion to Methods in Enzymol 6:188-198, 1994.
47. Schable C, Zekeng L, Pau CP, et al: Sensitivity of United States HIV antibody tests for detection of HIV-1 group O infections. Lancet 344:1333-1334, 1994.
48. Haas J, Geiss M, Bîhler T: False-negative polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 in children infected with HIV strains of African origin. J Infect Dis 174:244-245, 1996. Letter.
49. De Cock KM, Adjorlolo G, Ekpini E, et al: Epidemiology and transmission of HIV-2: Why there is no HIV-2 pandemic. JAMA 270:2083-2086, 1993.
50. Quinn TC: Population migration and the spread of types 1 and 2 human immunodeficiency viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91:2407-2414, 1994.
51. Adjorlolo-Johnson G, De Cock KM, Ekpini E, et al: Prospective comparison of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in Abidjan, Ivory Coast. JAMA 272:462-466, 1994.
52. Mastro TD, Satten GA, Nopkesort T, et al: Probability of female-to-male transmission of HIV-1 in Thailand. Lancet 343:204-207, 1994.
53. Kunanusont C, Foy HM, Kreiss JK, et al: HIV-1 subtypes and male-to-female transmission in Thailand. Lancet 345:1078-1083, 1995.
54. Soto-Ramirez LE, Renjifo B, McLane MF, et al: HIV Langerhans' cell tropism associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV. Science 271:1291-1293, 1996.
55. Pape JW, Stanback ME, Pamphile M, et al: Prevalence of HIV infection and high-risk activities in Haiti. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 3:995-1001, 1990.
56. Deschamps MM, Pape JW, Hafner A, et al: Heterosexual transmission of HIV in Haiti. Ann Intern Med 125:324-330, 1996.
57. Peckham C, Gibb D: Mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 333:298-302, 1995.
58. The Working Group on Mother-to-Child Transmissions of HIV: Rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Africa, America, and Europe: Results from 13 perinatal studies. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 8:1493-1497, 1995.
59. Karlsson A, Parsmyr K, Sanstrom E, et al: MT-2 cell tropism as prognostic marker for disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. J Clin Microbiol 2:364-370, 1994.
60. DeWolf F, Hogervorst E, Goudsmit J, et al: Syncytium-inducing and non-syncytium-inducing capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtypes other than B: Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:1387-1400, 1994.
61. Okada T, Patterson BK, Otto PA, et al: HIV type 1 infection of CD4+ T cells depends critically on basic amino acid residues in the V3 domain of envelope glycoprotein 120. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:803-811, 1994.
62. Zhong P, Peters M, Jansens W, et al: Correlation between genetic and biological properties of biologically cloned HIV type 1 viruses representing subtypes A, B, and D. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 11:239-248, 1995.
63. Sakai K, Dewhurst S, Ma X, et al: Differences in cytopathogenicity and host cell range among infectious molecular clones in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 simultaneously isolated from an individual. J Virol 62:4078-4085, 1988.
64. Mayers DL, Mascola JR, Lane JR, et al: Drug susceptibility testing of international HIV-1 isolates. Abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, 1993, Abstract 1275.
65. Burton DR, Pyati J, Koduri R, et al: Efficient neutralization of primary isolates of HIV-1 by a recombinant human monoclonal antibody. Science 266:1024-1027, 1994.
66. Trkola A, Pomales AB, Yuan H, et al: Cross-clade neutralization of primary isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by human monoclonal antibodies and tetrameric CD4-IgG. J Virol 69:6609-6617, 1995.
67. Mascola JR, Louwagie J, McCuthan FE, et al: Two antigenically distinct subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral genotype predicts neutralization serotype. J Infect Dis 169:48-54, 1994.
68. Mascola JR, Louder MK, Surman SR, et al: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 neutralizing antibody serotyping using serum pools and an infectivity reduction assay. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 12:1319-1328, 1996.
69. Brander C, Walker BD: The HLA-class I restricted CTL response in HIV-1 infection: Identification of optimal epitopes. HIV Molecular Immunology Database 1995 (http://hiv-web.lan1.gov/immuno/ articles/Brander.html).
70. Gao F, Yue L, Craig S, et al: Genetic variation of HIV type 1 in 4 World Health Organization-sponsored vaccine evaluation sites: Generation of functional envelope (glycoprotein 160) clones representative of sequence subtypes A, B, C, and E. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 10:1359-1368, 1994.
71. Graham BS, Wright PR: Candidate AIDS vaccines. Drug Therapy 333:1331-1339, 1995.
72. Ou CY, Takebe Y, Weniger BG, et al: Independent introduction of 2 major HIV-1 genotypes into distinct high-risk populations in Thailand. Lancet 341:1171-1174, 1993.
73. Wasi C, Herring B, Raktham S, et al: Determination of HIV-1 subtypes in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand, using peptide-binding immunoassay and heteroduplex mobility assay: Evidence of increasing infection with HIV-1 subtype E. AIDS 9:843-849, 1995.
74. Lukashov VV, Cornelissen MTE, Goudsmit J, et al: Simultaneous introduction of distinct HIV-1 subtypes into different risk groups in Russia, Byelorussia and Lithuania. AIDS 9:435-439, 1995.
75. Bobkov A, Cheingsong-Popov R, Garev M, et al: Identification of an env G subtype and heterogeneity of HIV-1 strains in the Russian Federation and Belarus. AIDS 8:1649-1655, 1994.
76. Myers G, Korber B, Wain-Hobson S, et al: Human retroviruses and AIDS 1995. Los Alamos, New Mexico, Los Alamos National Laboratory, 1995.