Origin and evolution of the natural satellites

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 533-602

  Peale, S J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Dissipation; Dynamics; Planets; Solar system; Tides

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000068347     PISSN: 00664146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.533     Document Type: Article

References (227)

1. Acuna MH, Neubauer FM, Ness NF. 1981. J. Geophys. Res. 86:8513-21
2. Allen RR. 1969. Astron. J. 174:497-506
3. Alterman Z, Jarosch H, Pekeris CL. 1959. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 252:80-95
4. Anderson JD, Jacobson RA, Lau EL, Sjogren WL, Schubert G, Moore WB. 1998a. Science 280:1573-76
5. Anderson JD, Lau EL, Sjogren WL, Schubert G, Moore WB. 1996. Nature 384:541-43
6. Anderson JD, Lau EL, Sjogren WL, Schubert G, Moore WB. 1997. Nature 387:264-66
7. Anderson JD, Schubert G, Jacobson RA, Lau EL, Moore WB, et al. 1998b. Science 281: 2019-22
8. Banfield D, Murray N. 1992. Icarus 99:390-401
9. Beckwith SVW, Sargent AI. 1998. Nature 383:139-44
10. Benz W, Cameron AGW, Melosh HJ. 1989. Icarus 81:113-31
11. Benz W, Slattery WI, Cameron AGW. 1986. Icarus 66:515-35
12. Binzel RP, Hubbard WB. 1997. In Pluto and Charon, ed. SA Stern, WB Hubbard. Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press, pp. 85-102
13. Boss AP. 1997. Science 276:1836-39
14. Boss AP. 1998. Astrophys. J. 503:923-37
15. Boss AP, Peale SJ. 1986. In Origin of the Moon, ed. WK Hartmann, RJ Phillips, GJ Taylor, pp. 59-101. Houston, TX: Lunar Planet. Inst.
16. Brown EW, Shook CA. 1964. Planetary Theory, pp. 250-88. Mineola, NY: Dover
17. Brown R, Ott E, Grebogi C. 1987. J. Stat. Phys. 49:511-50
18. Buie MW, Tholen DJ, Wasserman LH. 1997. Icarus 125:233-44
19. Cameron AGW. 1997. Icarus 125:126-37
20. Cameron AGW, Benz W. 1991. Icarus 92:204-16
21. Cameron AGW, Canup RM. 1998a. In Lun. Planet. Sci. Conf. 29:1062 (Abstr.)
22. Cameron AGW, Canup RM. 1998b. In paper presented at Orig. Earth Moon Conf. Monterey, CA. Dec. 1-3
23. Cameron AGW, Ward WR. 1976. In Proc. Lun. Planet. Sci. Conf. 7:120-22
24. Canup RM, Esposito LW. 1995. Icarus 113:331-52
25. Canup RM, Esposito LW. 1996. Icarus 119:427-46
26. Carr MH, Belton MJS, Chapman CR, Davies ME, Geissler P, et al. 1998. Nature 391:363-65
27. Cassen P, Peale SJ, Reynolds RT. 1979. In Geophys. Res. Lett. 6:731-34
28. Cassen P, Peale SJ, Reynolds RT. 1980a. Geophys. Res. Lett. 7:987-88
29. Cassen P, Peale SJ, Reynolds RT. 1980b. Icarus 41:232-39
30. Champenois S, Vienne A. 1999a. Icarus. In press
31. Champenois S, Vienne A. 1999b. Celest. Mech. Dyn. Astron. In press
32. Christensen EJ, Born GH, Hildebrand CD, Williams BG. 1977. Geophys. Res. Lett. 4:555-57
33. Chyba CF, Jankowski DG, Nicholson PD. 1989. Astron. Astrophys. 219:L23-26
34. Colombo G. 1966. Astron. J. 71:891-96
35. Colombo G, Franklin FA, Shapiro II. 1974. Astron. J. 79:61-71
36. Colwell JE, Esposito LW. 1992. J. Geophys. Res. 97:10227-41
37. Croft SK, Soderblom LA. 1991. In Uranus, pp. 561-628. Tucson: Univ. Arizona Press
38. Cynn HC, Boone S, Koumvakalis A, Nicol M, Stevenson DJ. 1988. Lun. Plan. Sci. Conf. Abs. 19:433
39. Danby JMA. 1988. Fundamentals of Celestial Mechanics. Richmond VA: Willman-Bell, 466 pp.
40. Darwin GH. 1879. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 170: 447-530
41. Darwin GH. 1880. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. 171: 713-891
42. Degewij J, Zellner B. Andersson LE. 1980. Icarus 44:520-40
43. Dermott SF. 1978. Pluto, Herculina, Mercury, and Venus: Their real and imaginary satellites. Unpublished
44. Dermott SF. 1984. In Uranus and Neptune, ed. J Bergstralh, pp. 377-404. NASA Conf. Publ. 2330
45. Dermott SF, Malhotra R, Murray CD. 1988. Icarus 76:295-334
46. Dickey JO, Bender PL, Faller JE, Newhall XX, Ricklefs RL, et al. 1994. Science 265:482-87
47. Dobrovolskis AR. 1982. Icarus 52:136-48
48. Dobrovolskis AR, Peale SJ, Harris AW. 1997. In Pluto and Charon, ed. AS Stern, DJ Tholen, pp. 159-90. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
49. Dones L, Tremaine S. 1993. Icarus 103:67-92
50. Drake MJ. 1986. J. Geophys. Res. 92:E377-86
51. Duxbury TC, Callahan JD. 1981. Lun. Planet. Sci. Conf. Abstr. 13:191
52. Duxbury TC, Veverka J. 1978. Science 201:812-14
53. Farinella P, Milani A, Novili AM, Valsecchi GB. 1979. Moon Plan. 20:415-21
54. Farinella P, Milani A, Nobili AM, Valsecchi GB. 1980. Icarus 44:810-12
55. Farinella P, Paolicchi P, Strom RG, Kargel JS, Zappala V. 1990. Icarus 83:186-204
56. Geissler PE, Greenberg R, Hoppa G, Helfenstein P, McEwin A, et al. 1998. Nature 391:368-70
57. Gerstenkorn H. 1955. Z. Astrophys. 26:245-74
58. Gladman BJ, Nicholson PD, Burns JA, Kavelaars JJ, Marsden BG, et al. 1998. Nature 392:897-99
59. Goldreich P. 1963. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 126:257-68
60. Goldreich P. 1965a. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 130:159-81
61. Goldreich P. 1965b. Astron. J. 70:5-9
62. Goldreich P. 1966. Rev. Geophys. 5:411-39
63. Goldreich P, Lyndon-Bell D. 1969. Astrophys. J. 156:59-78
64. Goldreich P, Murray N, Longaretti PY, Banfield D. 1989. Science 245:500-4
65. Goldreich P, Nicholson PD. 1977. Icarus 30:301-4
66. Goldreich P, Peale SJ. 1970. Astron. J. 75:273-84
67. Goldreich P, Ward WR. 1973. Astrophys. J. 183:1051-61
68. Goldstein SJ, Jacobs KC. 1995. Astron. J. 110:3054-57
69. Greeley R, Sullivan R, Klemaszewski J, Homan K, Head JW, et al. 1998. Icarus 135:4-24
70. Greenberg R. 1973a. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 165:305-11
71. Greenberg R. 1973b. Astron. J. 78:338-46
72. Greenberg R. 1975. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 170:295-303
73. Greenberg R. 1982. In Satellites of Jupiter, ed. D Morrison, pp. 65-92. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
74. Greenberg R. 1987. Icarus 70:334-47
75. Greenberg R, Croft SK, Janes DM, Kargel JS, Lebofsky LA, et al. 1991. In Uranus, pp. 693-735. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
76. Greenberg R, Geissler P, Hoppa G, Tufts BR, Durda DD, et al. 1998. Icarus 135:64-78
77. Greenberg R, Weidenschilling SJ. 1984. Icarus 58:186-96
78. Greenzweig Y, Lissauer JJ. 1990. Icarus 87:40-77
79. Greenzweig Y, Lissauer JJ. 1992. Icarus 100:440-63
80. Hamilton DP. 1997. Iapetus: Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 29:1010
81. Harris AW, Young JW, Dockweiler T, Gibson J, Poutanen M, et al. 1992. Icarus 95:115-47
82. Hartmann WK, Davis DR. 1975. Icarus 24: 504-14
83. Henrard J. 1982. Celest. Mech. 27:3-22
84. Henrard J. 1983. Icarus 53:55-67
85. Henrard J, Lemaitre A. 1983. Celest. Mech. 30:197-218
86. Horanyi M. 1996. Bull. Amer. Astron. Soc. 28:1126
87. Horanyi M, Burns JA, Hamilton DP. 1992. Icarus 97:248-59
88. Ida S, Canup RM, Stewart GR. 1997. Nature 389:353-57
89. Ioannou PJ, Lindzen RS. 1993. Astrophys. J. 406:266-78
90. Jacobson RA, Campbell JK, Taylor AH, Synnott SP. 1992. Astron. J. 103:2068-78
91. Kary DM, Lissauer JJ. 1993. Icarus 106:288-307
92. Kaula WM. 1964. Rev. Geophys. 2:661-85
93. Kaula WM. 1969. Astron. J. 74:1108-14
94. Khurana KK, Kivelson MG, Stevenson DJ, Schubert G, Russel CT, et al. 1998. Nature 395:777-80
95. Kivelson MG, Khurana KK, Coroniti FV, Joy S, Russell CT, et al. 1997. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24:2155-61
96. Kivelson MG, Warnecke J, Bennett L, Joy S, Khurana KK, et al. 1998. J. Geophys. Res. 103:19963-72
97. Knopoff L. 1964. Q. Rev. Geophys. 2:625-60
98. Kokubo E, Ida S. 1998. Icarus 131:171-78
99. Laskar J, Robutel P. 1993. Nature 361:608-12
100. Lemmon MT, Karkoschka E, Tomasko M. 1995. Icarus 113:27-38
101. Levinson HF, Stern SA. 1995. Lunar Planet. Sci. 26:841 (Abstr.)
102. Lieske JH. 1987. Astron. Astrophys. 82:340-48
103. Lissauer JJ. 1987. Icarus 69:249-65
104. Lissauer JJ, Cuzzi JN. 1982. Astron. J. 87:1051-58
105. Lissauer JJ, Peale SJ, Cuzzi JN. 1984. Icarus 58:159-68
106. Love AEH. 1944. A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. Mineola, NY: Dover
107. Luu J. 1991. Astron. J. 102:1213-25
108. MacDonald GJF. 1964. Rev. Geophys. 2:467-541
109. Malhotra R. 1990. Icarus 87:249-64
110. Malhotra R. 1991. Icarus 94:399-412
111. Malhotra R, Dermott RF. 1990. Icarus 85:444-80
112. Marcialis R, Greenberg R. 1987. Nature 328:227-29
113. Marzari F, Dotto E, Davis DR, Weidenschilling SJ, Vanzani V. 1998. Astron. Astrophys. 333:1082-91
114. McEwen AS. 1986. Nature 321:49-51
115. McKinnon WB. 1984. Nature 311:355-58
116. McKinnon WB. 1997. Icarus 130:540-43
117. McKinnon WB. 1989. Astrophys. J. Lett. 344:41-44
118. McKinnon WB, Chapman CR, Housen KR. 1991. In Uranus, pp. 629-92. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
119. McKinnon WB, Parmentier EM. 1986. In Satellites, ed. JA Burns, MS Matthews, pp. 718-63. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
120. Mignard F. 1981a. Moon Planets 24:189-207
121. Mignard F. 1981b. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 194:365-79
122. Morabito LA, Synnott SP, Kupferman PN, Collins SA. 1979. Science 204:972
123. Mottman J. 1977. Icarus 31:412-13
124. Nakamura Y, Koyama J. 1982. J. Geophys. Res. 87:4855-61
125. Nicholson PD, Burns JA, Gladman BJ, Kavelaars JJ, Marsden BG, et al. 1998. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 30:1147
126. Nicholson PD. 1999. In Atrophysical disks - An BC Summer School, Astron. Soc. Pac. Conf. Ser. Vol. 160, ed. JA Sellwood, J Goodman, p. 228-45
127. Ojakangas GW, Stevenson DI. 1986. Icarus 66:341-58
128. Pang KD, Pollack J, Veverka J, Lane AL, Ajello JM. 1978. Science 199:64-66
129. Pang KD, Voge CC, Rhoads JW, Ajello JM. 1984. J. Geophys. Res. 89:9459-70
130. Pappalardo RT, Reynolds SJ, Greeley R. 1997. J. Geophys. Res. 102:13369-79
131. Pauwels T. 1983. Celest. Mech. 30:229-47
132. Peale SJ. 1969. Astron. J. 74:483-89
133. Peale SJ. 1974. Astron. J. 79:722-44
134. Peale SJ. 1976. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 14:215-46
135. Peale SJ. 1977. In Planetary Satellites, ed. JA Burns, pp. 87-112. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
136. Peale SJ. 1986. In Satellites, ed. JA Burns, MS Matthews, pp. 159-224. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
137. Peale SJ. 1988. Icarus 74:153-74
138. Peale SJ. 1995. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 27: 1170
139. Peale SJ. 1999. Tides. In Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics. Bristol, England: Inst. Phys. Publishing. In press
140. Peale SJ, Cassen P. 1978. Icarus 36:245-69
141. Peale SJ, Cassen P, Reynolds RT. 1979. Science 203:892-94
142. Peale SJ, Cassen P, Reynolds RT. 1980. Icarus 43:65-72
143. Plescia JB. 1987a. J. Geophys. Res. 92:14918-32
144. Plescia JB. 1987b. Nature 327:201-4
145. Plescia JB. 1988. Icarus 73:442-61
146. Pollack JB. 1985. In Protostars and Planets II, pp. 791-831. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
147. Pollack JB, Burns JA. 1977. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 9:518-19
148. Pollack JB, Hubickyj O, Bodenheimer P, Lissauer JJ, Podolak M, et al. 1996. Icarus 124:62-85
149. Pollack JB, Veverka J, Pang KD, Colburn D, Lane AL, et al. 1978. Science 199:66-70
150. Pollack JB, Burns JA, Tauber ME. 1979. Icarus 37:587-611
151. Ringwood AE. 1989. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 95:208-14
152. Ross MN, Schubert G. 1987. Nature 325:133-34
153. Safronov VS. 1969. Evolution of the Protoplanetary Cloud and Formation of the Earth and Planets. Moscow: Izdatel'stvo "Nauka," English translation NASA TT F-677, 1972
154. Saha P, Tremaine S. 1993. Icarus 106:549-62
155. Shor VA. 1975. Celest. Mech. 12:61-75
156. Showalter MR. 1991. Nature 351:709-13
157. Showman AP, Malhotra R. 1997. Icarus 127:93-111
158. Showman AP, Stevenson DJ, Malhotra R. 1997. Icarus 129:367-83
159. Sinclair AT. 1972. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 160:169-87
160. Sinclair AT. 1974. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 166:165-79
161. Sinclair AT. 1975. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 171:59-72
162. Sinclair AT. 1978. Vist. Astron. 22:133-140
163. Sinclair AT. 1983. In Dynamical Trapping and Evolution in the Solar System. ed. VV Markellos, Y Kozai, D Reidel, pp. 19-25
164. Sinclair AT, Taylor DB. 1985. Astron. Astrophys. 147:241-46
165. Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Banfield D, Barnet C, Basilevsky AT, et al. 1989. Science 246:1422-49
166. Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Batson R, Bridges P, Inge J, et al. 1982. Science 215:504-37
167. Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Beebe R, Bliss D, Boyce JM, et al. 1986. Science 233:43-64
168. Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Beebe R, Boyce J, Briggs G, et al. 1981. Science 212:163-91
169. Smith BA, Soderblom LA, Johnson TV, Ingersoll AP, Collins SA, et al. 1979. Science 204:951-72
170. Solomon SC, Chaiken J. 1976. In Proc. 7th Lun. Sci. Conf. 3:3229-43
171. Soter, S. 1974. Presented at the IAU Planetary Satellite Conference, Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY
172. Soter S, Harris AW. 1977. Nature 268:421-22
173. Squyres SW, Reynolds RT, Cassen PM, Peale SJ. 1983. Icarus 53:319-31
174. Squyres SW, Reynolds RT, Summers AL, Shung F. 1988. J. Geophys. Res. 93:8779-94
175. Stern A. 1991. Icarus 90:271-81
176. Stevenson DJ. 1982. Nature 298:142-44
177. Stevenson DJ. 1983.J. Geophys. Res. 88:2445-55
178. Stevenson DJ. 1987. Ann. R. Earth 15:271-315
179. Stevenson DJ, Harris AW, Lunine JI. 1986. In Satellites, ed. JA Burns, MS Matthews, pp. 39-88. Tucson: Univ. of Arizona Press
180. Stewart GR, Canup R. 1998. Can an early-formed Moon avoid siderophile contamination by subsequent impacts? Presented at Origin of the Earth and Moon Conference, Monterey, CA, Dec. 1-3, 1998
181. Stewart GR, Levison HF. 1998. Lun. Plan. Sci. Conf. Abstr. 29:1960
182. Stewart GR, Wetherill GW. 1988. Icarus 74: 542-53
183. Strom SE. 1995. Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica Serie de Conferencis, Vol. 1, Circumstellar Disks, Outflows and Star Formation, Cozumel, Mexico, Nov. 28-Dec. 2, 1994, pp. 317-28
184. Szeto AMK. 1983. Icarus 55:133-68
185. Tancredi G, Fernández JA. 1991. Icarus 108: 234-42
186. Tholen DJ, Buie MW. 1997. Icarus 125:245-60
187. Thompson C, Stevenson DJ. 1988. Astrophys. J. 333:452-62
188. Tittemore WC. 1990. Icarus 87:110-39
189. Tittemore WC, Wisdom J. 1988. Icarus 74:172-230
190. Tittemore WC, Wisdom J. 1989. Icarus 78:63-89
191. Tittemore WC, Wisdom J. 1990. Icarus 85:394-443
192. Toison RH, Duxbury TC, Born GH, Christensen EJ, Diehl RE, et al. 1978. Science 199:61-64
193. Tourna J, Wisdom J. 1993. Science 259:1294-97
194. Tourna J, Wisdom J. 1994. Astron. J. 108:1943-61
195. Tourna J, Wisdom J. 1998. Astron. J. 115:1653-63
196. Toomre A. 1964. Astrophys. J. 139:1217-38
197. Tyler GL, Eshleman VR, Anderson JD, Levy GS, Lindal GF, et al. 1982. Science 215:553-78
198. Veeder GJ, Matson DL, Johnson TV, Blaney DL, Goguen JD. 1994. J. Geophys. Res. 99:17095-162
199. Vienne A, Duriez L. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 297:588-605
200. Ward WR. 1975. Science 189:377-79
201. Ward WR. 1976. In Frontiers of Astrophysics, ed. EH Avrett, pp. 1-40. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press
202. Ward WR. 1979.J. Geophys. Res. 84:237-41
203. Ward WR. 1981. Icarus 46:97-107
204. Warren PH. 1985. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 13:201-10
205. Weidenschilling SJ. 1977. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 180:57-70
206. Weidenschilling SJ. 1995. Icarus 116:433-35
207. Wetherill GW. 1990. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 18:205-56
208. Wetherill GW. 1991. Science 253:535-38
209. Wetherill GW. 1992. Icarus 100:307-25
210. Wetherill GW. 1996. Icarus 119:219-38
211. Wetherill GW, Chambers JE. 1997. Lunar Planet. Sci. Abst. 28:1547
212. Whipple AL, Shelus PJ. 1993. Icarus 101:265-71
213. Whipple FL. 1972. In From Plasma to Planet, ed. A Elvius, pp. 211-32. New York: Wiley
214. Wisdom J. 1987a. Icarus 72:241-75
215. Wisdom J. 1987b. Astron. J. 94:1350-60
216. Wisdom J, Peale SJ, Mignard F. 1984. Icarus 58:137-52
217. Yoder CF. 1973. On the Establishment and evolution of Orbit-Orbit Resonances. PhD thesis. Univ. Calif., Santa Barbara. 303 pp.
218. Yoder CF. 1974. Presented at the IAU Planetary Satellite Conference, Cornell Univ. Ithaca, NY
219. Yoder CF. 1979. Nature 279:747-70
220. Yoder CF. 1981a. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 303:327-38
221. Yoder CF. 1981b. EOS 62:939
222. Yoder CF. 1982. Icarus 49:327-46
223. Yoder CF. 1984. In Lunar Planet. Inst. Conf. Origin Moon, pp. 6-. Houston, TX: Lunar and Planetary Institute
224. Yoder CF. 1995. In Global Earth Physics: A Handbook of Physical Constants, ed. TJ Ahrens, pp. 1-31. Washington, DC: Am. Geophys. Union
225. Yoder CF, Colombo G, Synnott SP, Yoder KA. 1983. Icarus 53:431-43
226. Yoder CF, Peale SJ. 1981. Icarus 47:1-35
227. Yoder CF, Synnott SP, Salo H. 1989. Astron. J. 98:1875-89