The functioning of the CO2 concentrating mechanism in several cyanobacterial strains: A review of general physiological characteristics, genes, proteins, and recent advances

Canadian Journal of Botany

Volumn 76, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 973-1002

  Price, G Dean ^a   Sültemeyer, Dieter ^b   Klughammer, Barbara ^c   Ludwig, Martha ^a   Badger, Murray R ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b Rheinland Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern Landau   (Germany)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

Author keywords

Carboxysomes; CO2 concentrating mechanism; Cyanobacteria; Genes; Photosynthesis; Transporters

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL GENETICS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATING MECHANISM; CARBOXYSOME; INORGANIC CARBON; NADH DEHYDROGENASE; RIBULOSE BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE;

ALGAE; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); CHLOROPHYTA; CYANOBACTERIA; PROKARYOTA; SYNECHOCOCCUS; SYNECHOCYSTIS;

EID: 0000066404     PISSN: 00084026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/b98-081     Document Type: Article

References (132)

1. Abe, T., Tsuzuki, M., Kaplan, A., and Miyachi, S. 1987. Transport and fixation of inorganic carbon during photosynthesis in the cells of Anabaena grown under ordinary air. II. Effect of sodium concentration during growth on the induction of active transport system for IC. Plant Cell Physiol. 28: 671-677.
2. Alber, B.E., and Ferry, J.G. 1994. A carbonic anhydrase from the archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91: 6909-6913.
3. Amichay, D., Levitz, R., and Gurevitz, M. 1993. Construction of a Synechocystis PCC6803 mutant suitable for the study of variant hexadecameric ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase enzymes. Plant Mol. Biol. 23: 465-476.
4. 2-concentrating mechanism in aquatic phototrophs. In Biochemistry of plants: a comprehensive treatise. Vol. 10. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. pp. 219-274.
5. Badger, M.R., and Andrews, T.J. 1982. Photosynthesis and inorganic carbon usage by the marine cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. Plant Physiol. 70: 517-523.
6. 2 concentrating mechanisms. In Progress in Photosynthesis Research. Proceedings of the VIIth International Congress on Photosynthesis, 10-15 August 1986, Providence, R.I. Edited by J. Biggins. M. Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 601-609.
7. 3- accumulation by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC6301 to growth at different inorganic carbon concentrations. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 14: 189-201.
8. Badger, M.R., and Price, G.D. 1989. Carbonic anhydrase activity associated with the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Plant Physiol. 89: 51-60.
9. - uptake in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Plant Physiol. 94: 35-39.
10. 2 concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria and microalgae. Physiol.Plant. 84: 606-615.
11. Badger, M.R., and Price, G.D. 1994. The role of carbonic anhydrase in photosynthesis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Molec. Biol. 45: 369-392.
12. - fluxes in cyanobacteria and microalgae during steady-state photosynthesis. Physiol. Plant. 90: 529-536.
13. Banci, L., Bertini, I., Luchinat, C., and Moratal, J.M. 1990. The mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase. In Enzymatic and model carboxylation and reduction reactions for carbon dioxide utilization. Edited by M. Aresta and J.V. Schloss. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 181-197.
14. Bedu, S., Beuf, L., and Joset, F. 1992. Membraneous and soluble carbonic anhydrase activities in a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis PCCC 6803. In Research in photosynthesis. Edited by M. Murata. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 819-822.
15. Bedu, S., Pozuelos, P., Cami, B., and Joset, F. 1995. Uptake of inorganic carbon in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803: physiological and genetic evidence for a high-affinity uptake system. Mol. Microbiol. 18: 559-568.
16. Berner, R.A. 1990. Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over phanerozoic time. Science (Washington, D.C.), 249: 1382-1386.
17. Beuf, L., Bedu, S., Durand, M.C., and Joset, F. 1994. A protein involved in co-ordinated regulation of inorganic carbon and glucose metabolism in the facultative photoautotrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 25: 855-864.
18. Buick, R. 1992. The antiquity of oxygenic photosynthesis: evidence from stromatolites in sulphate-deficient Archaean lakes. Science (Washington, D.C.), 255: 74.
19. Cannon, G.C., and Shively, J.M. 1983. Characterization of a homogenous preparation of carboxysomes from Thiobacillus neapolitanus. Arch. Microbiol. 134: 52-59.
20. Carr, N.G., and Mann, N.H. 1994. The oceanic cyanobacteria picoplankton. In The molecular biology of the cyanobacteria Edited by D. Bryant. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht the Netherlands. pp. 27-48.
21. Chen, P., Andersson, D.I., and Roth, J.R. 1994. The control region of the pdu/cob regulon in Salmonella typhimurium. J. Bacteriol. 176: 5474-5482.
22. 2-concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria and microalgae. Plant Cell Environ. 14: 861-867.
23. 2-fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. FEMS Micrbiol. Lett. 28: 65-68.
24. Dzelzkalns, V.A., Obinger, C., Regelsberger, G., Niederhauser, H., Kamensek, M., Peschek, G.A., and Bogorad, L. 1994. Deletion of the structural gene for the NADH-dehydrogenase subunit 4 of Synechocystis 6803 alters respiratory properties. Plant Physiol. 106: 1435-1442.
25. Ellersiek, U., and Steinmuller, K. 1992. Cloning and transcription analysis of the ndh(A-I-G-E) gene cluster and the ndhD gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 1097-110.
26. English, R.S., Lorbach, S.C., Qin, X., and Shively, J.M. 1994. Isolation and characterization of a carboxysome shell gene from Thiobacillus neapolitanus. Mol. Microbiol. 12: 647-54.
27. English, R.S., Jin, S., and Shively, J.M. 1995. Use of electroporation to generate a Thiobacillus neapolitanus carboxysome mutant. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61: 3256-3260.
28. - uptake by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus leopoliensis. Plant Physiol. 84: 125-130.
29. - transport and accumulation in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Plant Physiol. 98: 560-568.
30. - symport in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Plant Physiol. 104: 1419-1428.
31. 2 in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Plant Physiol. 97: 943-953.
32. 2-concentrating mechanism. Biosystems, 37: 229-238.
33. 2 in air. J. Bacteriol. 171: 6069-6076.
34. Fukuzawa, H., Suzuki, E., Komukai, Y., and Miyachi, S. 1992. A gene homologous to chloroplast carbonic anhydrase (icfA) is essential to photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation by Synechococcus PCC7942. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89: 4437-4441.
35. Gibson, J.L., and Tabita, F.R. 1996. The molecular regulation of the reductive pentose phosphate pathway in proteobacteria and cyanobacteria. Arch. Microbiol. 166: 141-150.
36. 2 concentration and to elevated light intensity. J. Phycol. 33: 811-817.
37. Higgins, C.F. 1992. ABC transporters: from microorganisms to man. Annu. Rev. Cell. Biol. 8: 67-113.
38. Holthuijzen, Y.A., Vanbreem., J.F., Kuenen, J.G., and Konings, W.N. 1986. Protein-composition of the carboxysomes of Thiobacillus neapolitanus. Arch. Microbiol. 144: 398-404.
39. Howitt, C.A., Whelan, J., Price, G.D., and Day, D.A. 1996. Cloning, analysis and inactivation of the ndhK gene encoding a subunit of NADH quinone oxidoreductase from Anabaena PCC7120. Eur. J. Biochem. 240: 173-180.
40. Kaneko, T., Sato, S., Kotani, H., Tanaka, A., Asamizu, E., Nakamura, Y., Miyajima, N., Hirosawa, M., Sugiura, M., Sasamoto, S., Kimura, T., Hosouchi, T., Matsuno, A., Muraki, A., Nakazaki, N., Naruo, K., Okumura, S., Shimpo, S., Takeuchi, C., Wada, T., Watanabe, A., Yamada, M., Yasuda, M., and Tabata, S. 1996a. Sequence analysis of the genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. II. Sequence determination of the entire genome and assignment of potential protein-coding regions. DNA Res. 3: 109-136.
41. Kaneko, T., Sato, S., Kotani, H., Tanaka, A., Asamizu, E., Nakamura, Y., Miyajima, N., Hirosawa, M., Sugiura, M., Sasamoto, S., Kimura, T., Hosouchi, T., Matsuno, A., Muraki, A., Nakazaki, N., Naruo, K., Okumura, S., Shimpo, S., Takeuchi, C., Wada, T., Watanabe, A., Yamada, M., Yasuda, M., and Tabata, S. 1996b. Sequence analysis of the genome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. II. Sequence determination of the entire genome and assignment of potential protein-coding regions (supplement). DNA Res. 3: 185-209.
42. 2 concentration. Planta, 149: 219-226.
43. Kaplan, A., Schwarz, R., Lieman Hurwitz, J., and Reinhold, L. 1991. Physiological and molecular aspects of the inorganic carbon-concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria. Plant Physiol. 97: 851-855.
44. Kaplan, A., Schwarz, R., Lieman-Hurwitz, J., and Reinhold, L. 1994. Physiological and molecular studies on the response of cyanobacteria to changes in the ambient inorganic carbon concentration. In The molecular biology of the cyanobacteria. Edited by D. Bryant. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 469-485.
45. Kaplan, A., Ronen-Tarazi, M., Zer, H., Schwarz, R., Tchernov, D., Bonfil, D.J, Schatz, D., Vardi, A., Hassidim, M., and Reinhold, L. 1998. The inorganic carbon concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria: induction and ecological significance. Can. J. Bot. 76: 917-924.
46. Karagouni, A.D., Bloye, S.A., and Carr, N.G. 1990. The presence and absence of inorganic carbon concentrating systems in unicellular cyanobacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 68: 137-142.
47. 2 transport in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93: 4006-4010.
48. Katoh, A., Sonoda, M., Katoh, H., and Ogawa, T. 1996b. Absence of light-induced proton extrusion in a cotA-less mutant of Synechocystis sp strain PCC6803. J. Bacteriol. 178: 5452-5455.
49. Kisker, C., Schindelin, H., Alber, B.E., Ferry, J.G., and Rees, D.C. 1996. A left-hand beta-helix revealed by the crystal structure of a carbonic anhydrase from the archaeon Methanosarcina thermophila. EMBO J. 15: 2323-2330.
50. Kobayashi, M., Rodriguez, R., Lara, C., and Omata, T. 1997. Involvement of the C-terminal domain of an ATP-binding subunit in the regulation of the ABC-type nitrate/nitrite transporter of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 27 197-27201.
51. Lanaras, T., and Codd, G.A. 1981a. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase and polyhedral bodies of Chlorogloeopsis fritschii. Planta, 153: 279-285.
52. Lanaras, T., and Codd, G.A. 1981b. Structural and immundelectrophoretic comparison of soluble and particulate ribulose bisphosphate carboxylases from the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis fritschii. Arch. Microbiol. 130: 213-217.
53. Li, L.A., and Tabita, F.R. 1994. Transcription control of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase activase and adjacent genes in Anabaena species. J. Bacteriol. 176: 6697-6706.
54. Li, L.A., and Tabita, F.R. 1997. Maximum activity of recombinant ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase of Anabaena sp. strain ca requires the product of the rbcX gene. J. Bacteriol. 179: 3793-3796.
55. 2. Can. J. Bot. 69: 945-950.
56. Maeda, S.I., and Omata, T. 1997. Substrate-binding lipoprotein of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp strain PCC 7942 involved in the transport of nitrate and nitrite. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 3036-3041.
57. 2 concentration alleviates the block in photosynthetic electron transport in an ndhB-inactivated mutant of Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942. Plant Physiol. 101: 1047-1053.
58. 2 for growth. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 35: 137-146.
59. McKay, R.M.L., Gibbs, S.P., and Espie, G.S. 1993. Effect of dissolved inorganic carbon on the expression of carboxysomes, localization of Rubisco and the mode of inorganic carbon transport in cells of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Arch. Microbiol. 159: 21-29.
60. Mi, H., Endo, T., Schreiber, U., Ogawa, T., and Asada, K. 1992. Electron donation from cyclic and respiratory flows to the photosynthetic intersystem chain is mediated by pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. Plant Cell Physiol. 33: 1233-1237.
61. Mi, H., Endo, T., Ogawa, T., and Asada, K. 1995. Thylakoid membrane-bound, NADPH-specific pyridine nucleotide dehydrogenase complex mediated cyclic electron transport in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Cell Physiol. 36: 661-668.
62. --limited chemostats. Plant Physiol. 75: 1064-1070.
63. 2 by the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Measurement by mass spectrometry. Plant Physiol. 86: 677-683.
64. 2 transport in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus UTEX 625. Plant Physiol. 90: 1221-1231.
65. - transport by cyanobacteria: a review. Can. J. Bot. 68: 1291-1302.
66. Ogawa, T. 1990. Mutants of Synechocystis PCC6803 defective in inorganic carbon transport. Plant Physiol. 94: 760-765.
67. Ogawa, T. 1991. A gene homologous to the subunit-2 gene of NADH dehydrogenase is essential to inorganic carbon transport of Synechocystis PCC6803. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88: 4275-4279.
68. Ogawa, T. 1992. Identification and characterization of the ictAlndhL gene product essential to inorganic carbon transport of Synechocystis PCC6803. Plant Physiol. 99: 1604-1608.
69. 2 burst in a cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 724: 490-493.
70. + fluxes involved in the transport of inorganic carbon in cyanobacteria. Plant Physiol. 83: 888-891.
71. Ogawa, T., and Togasaki, R.K. 1988. Carbonyl sulfide: an inhibitor of inorganic carbon transport in cyanobacteria. Plant Physiol. 88: 800-804.
72. Ogawa, T., Miyano, A., and Inoue, Y. 1985. Photosystem-I-driven inorganic carbon transport in the cyanobacterium, Anacystis nidulans. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 808: 77-84.
73. Ogawa, T., Amichay, D., and Gurevitz, M. 1994a. Isolation and characterization of the ccmM gene required by the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 for inorganic carbon utilization. Photosynth. Res. 39: 183-190.
74. Ogawa, T., Marco, E., and Orus, M.I. 1994b. A gene (ccmA) required for carboxysome formation in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. J. Bacteriol. 176: 2374-2378.
75. Ohkawa, H., Sonoda, M., Katoh, H., and Ogawa, T. 1998. The use of mutants in the analysis of the CCM in cyanobacteria. Can. J. Bot. 76: 1035-1042.
76. - transporter. Plant Cell Physiol. 38(Suppl. 30).
77. Omata, T. 1992. Characterization of the downstream region of cmpA: identification of a gene cluster encoding a putative permease of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Photosynth. Res. 3: 807-810.
78. 2 concentration. Plant Physiol. 80: 525-530.
79. Omata, T., and Ogawa, T. 1987. Immunochemical studies on the major proteins in cytoplasmic membranes of cyanobacteria. In Progress in Photosynthesis Research. Proceedings of the VIIth International Congress on Photosynthesis, 10-15 August 1986, Providence, R.I. Edited by J. Biggins. Vol. 4. M. Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 309-312.
80. Omata, T., Carlson, T.J., Ogawa, T., and Pierce, J. 1990. Sequencing and modification of the gene encoding the 42-kilodalton protein in the cytoplasmic membrane of Synechococcus PCC 7942. Plant Physiol. 93: 305-311.
81. Omata, T., Andriesse, X., and Hirano, A. 1993. Identification and characterization of a gene cluster involved in nitrate transport in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Mol. Gen. Genet 236: 193-202.
82. Orus, M.I., Rodriguez, M.L., Martinez, F., and Marco, E. 1995. Biogenesis and ultrastructure of carboxysomes from wild type and mutants of Synechococcus sp strain PCC 7942. Plant Physiol. 107: 1159-1166.
83. Peschek, G.A. 1996. Structure-function relationships in the dual-function photosynthetic-respiratory electron-transport assembly of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). Biochem. Soc. Trans. 24: 729-733.
84. Pierce, J., and Omata, T. 1988. Uptake and utilization of inorganic carbon by cyanobacteria. Photosynth. Res. 16: 141-154.
85. Pierce, J., Carlson, T.J., and Williams, J.G. 1989. A cyanobacterial mutant requiring the expression of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase from a photosynthetic anaerobe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86: 5753-7.
86. 2 uptake in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 without apparent inhibition of internal carbonic anhydrase activity. Plant Physiol. 89: 37-43.
87. 2-dependent photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Plant Physiol. 89: 44-50.
88. 2 concentrating mechanism. Plant Physiol. 91: 505-513.
89. 2 within the carboxysome. Plant Physiol. 91: 514-525.
90. 2-concentrating mechanism. Can. J. Bot. 69: 963-973.
91. Price, G.D., Coleman, J.R., and Badger, M.R. 1992. Association of carbonic anhydrase activity with carboxysomes isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Plant Physiol. 100: 784-793.
92. Price, G.D., Howitt, S.M., Harrison, K., and Badger, M.R. 1993. Analysis of a genomic DNA region from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC7942 involved in carboxysome assembly and function. J. Bacteriol. 175: 2871-2879.
93. Price, G.D., Yu, J.W., Voncaemmerer, S., Evans, J.R., Chow, W.S., Anderson, J.M., Hurry, V., and Badger, M.R. 1995. Chloroplast cytochrome b6/f and ATP synthase complexes in tobacco: transformation with antisense RNA against nuclear-encoded transcripts for the Rieske FeS and ATP-delta polypeptides. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 22: 285-297.
94. Rai, A.N., Borthakur, M., Singh, S., and Bergman, B. 1989. Anthoceros-Nostoc symbiosis: immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of nitrogenase, glutamine synthetase, phycoerythrin and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in the cyanobiont and the cultured (free-living) isolate Nostoc 7801. J. Gen. Microbiol. 135: 385-395.
95. Rai, A.N., Borthakur, M., and Bergman, B. 1992. Nitrogenase derepression, its regulation and metabolic changes associated with diazotrophy in the non-heterocystous cyanobacterium Plectonema boryanum PCC 73110. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138: 481-491.
96. Raven, J.A., and Lucas, W.J. 1985. The energetics of carbon acquisition. In Inorganic carbon uptake by aquatic photosynthetic organisms. Edited by W.J. Lucas and J.A. Berry. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, Md. pp. 305-324.
97. Reddy, K.J., Masamoto, K., Sherman, D.M., and Sherman, L.A. 1989. DNA sequence and regulation of the gene (cbpA) encoding the 42-kilodalton cytoplasmic membrane carotenoprotein of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942. J. Bacteriol. 171: 3486-3493.
98. Reinhold, L., Zviman, M., and Kaplan, A. 1987. Inorganic carbon fluxes and photosynthesis in cyanobacteria: a quantitative model. In Progress in Photosynthesis Research. Proceedings of the VIIth International Congress on Photosynthesis, 10-15 August 1986, Providence, R.I. Edited by J. Biggins. Vol. 4. M. Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 289-296.
99. Reinhold, L., Kosloff, R., and Kaplan, A. 1991. A model for inorganic carbon fluxes and photosynthesis in cyanobacterial carboxysomes. Can. J. Bot. 69: 984-988.
100. Ritchie, R.J., Nadolny, C., and Larkum, A.W.D. 1996. Driving forces for bicarbonate transport in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2 (PCC 7942). Plant Physiol. 112: 1573-1584.
101. Ronen-Tarazi, M., Bonfil, D.J., Schatz, D., and Kaplan, A. 1998. Cyanobacterial mutants impaired in bicarbonate uptake isolated with the aid of an inactivation library. Can. J. Bot. 76: 942-948.
102. Salon, C., Mir, N.A., and Canvin, D.T. 1996. Influx and efflux of inorganic carbon in Synechococcus UTEX 625. Plant Cell Environ. 19: 247-259.
103. Schluchter, W.M., Zhao, J., and Bryant, D.A. 1993. Isolation and characterization of the ndhF gene of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 and initial characterization of an interposon mutant. J. Bacteriol. 175: 3343-3352.
104. Schmetterer, G. 1994. Physiological and molecular studies on the response of cyanobacteria to changes in the ambient inorganic carbon concentration. In The molecular biology of the cyanobacteria. Edited by D. Bryant. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 409-435.
105. Schwarz, R., Friedberg, D., and Kaplan, A. 1988. Is there a role for the 42 kilodalton polypeptide in inorganic carbon uptake by cyanobacteria. Plant Physiol. 88: 284-288.
106. Shimada, A., Kanai, S., and Maruyama, T. 1995. Partial sequence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the phylogeny of Prochloron and Prochlorococcus (Prochlorales). J. Mol. Evol. 40: 671-677.
107. Shively, J.M., and English, R.S. 1991. The carboxysome, a prokaryotic organelle: a mini-review. Can. J. Bot. 69: 957-962.
108. Shively, J.M., Bradburne, C.E., Aldrich, H.C., Bobik, T.A., Mehlman, J.L., Jin, S., and Baker, S.H. 1998. Sequence homologs of carboxysomal polypeptide CsoS1 of the thiobacilli are present in cyanobacteria and enteric bacteria that form carboxysomes - polyhedral bodies. Can. J. Bot. 76. This issue.
109. Skleryk, R.S., Tyrrell, P.N., and Espie, G.S. 1997. Photosynthesis and inorganic carbon acquisition in the cyanobacterium Chlorogloeopsis sp ATCC 27193. Physiol. Plant. 99: 81-88.
110. So, A.K-C, and Espie, G.S. 1998. Cloning, characterization and expression of carbonic anhydrase from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Plant. Mol. Biol. 37: 205-215.
111. - transport in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. Can. J. Bot. 76: 1084-1091.
112. Soltes-Rak, E., Mulligan, M.E., and Coleman, J.R. 1997. Identification and characterization of a gene encoding a vertebrate-type carbonic anhydrase in cyanobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 179: 769-774.
113. Stanier, G. 1988. Fine structure of cyanobacteria. In Methods in enzymology. Edited by L. Packer and A.N. Glazer. Academic Press, San Diego, Calif. pp. 157-172.
114. Steinmuller, K. 1992. Nucleotide sequence and expression of the ndhH gene of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 18: 135-137.
115. Steinmuller, K., Ley, A.C., Steinmetz, A.A., Sayre, R.T., and Bogorad, L. 1989. Characterization of the ndhC-psbG-ORF157/159 operon of maize plastid DNA and of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Mol. Gen. Genet. 216: 60-69.
116. Stojiljkovic, I., Baumler, A.J., and Heffron, F. 1995. Ethanolamine utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: nucleotide sequence, protein expression, and mutational analysis of the cchA cchB eutE eutJ eutG eutH gene cluster. J. Bacteriol. 177: 1357-1366.
117. Sültemeyer, D., Price, G.D., Yu, J.W., and Badger, M.R. 1995. Characterisation of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate transport during steady-state photosynthesis in the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus strain PCC7002. Planta, 197: 597-607.
118. 2 concentrating mechanism. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 24: 317-327.
119. Sültemeyer, D., Price, G.D., Bryant, D.A., and Badger, M.R. 1997b. PsaE-and ndhF-mediated electron transport affect bicarbonate transport rather than carbon dioxide uptake in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp PCC7002. Planta, 201: 36-42.
120. - transport in cyanobacteria. Plant Physiol. 116: 183-192.
121. 2 concentrating mechanism in cyanobacteria. Can. J. Bot. 76: 954-961.
122. Turpin, D.H., Miller, A.G., and Canvin, D.T. 1984. Carboxysome content of Synechococcus leopoliensis (Cyanophyta) in response to inorganic carbon. J. Phycol. 20: 249-253.
123. - uptake in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. UTEX 625. Plant Physiol. 112: 79-88.
124. Volokita, M., Zenvirth, D., Kaplan, A., and Reinhold, L. 1984. Nature of the inorganic carbon species actively taken up by the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. Plant Physiol. 76: 599-602.
125. Watson, G.M.F., and Tabita, F.R. 1996. Regulation, unique gene organization, and unusual primary structure of carbon fixation genes from a marine phycoerythrin-containing cyanobacterium. Plant Mol. Biol. 32: 1103-1115.
126. Weidner, U., Geier, S., Ptock, A., Friedrich, T., Leif, H., and Weiss, H. 1993. The gene locus of the proton-translocating NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase in Escherichia coli: organization of the 14 genes and relationship between the derived proteins and subunits of mitochondrial complex-I. J. Mol. Biol. 233: 109-122.
127. Worley, K.C., Wiese, B.A., and Smith, R.F. 1995. BEAUTY: an enhanced BLAST-based search tool that integrates multiple biological information resources into sequence similarity search results. Genome Res. 5: 173-184.
128. Yu, J.W., Price, G.D., Song, L., and Badger, M.R. 1992. Isolation of a putative carboxysomal carbonic anhydrase gene from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942. Plant Physiol. 100: 794-800.
129. Yu, L., Zhao, J.D., Muhlenhoff, U., Bryant, D.A., and Golbeck, J.H. 1993. PsaE is required for in vivo cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7002. Plant Physiol. 103: 171-180.
130. - uptake during steady-state photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7942. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 21: 185-195.
131. Yu, J.W., Price, G.D., and Badger, M.R. 1994b. A mutant isolated from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC7942 is unable to adapt to low inorganic carbon conditions. Plant Physiol. 104: 605-611.
132. Zhao, J., Snyder, W.B., Muhlenhoff, U., Rhiel, E., Warren, P.V., Golbeck, J.H., and Bryant, D.A. 1993. Cloning and characterization of the psaE gene of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002: characterization of a psaE mutant and overproduction of the protein in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 9: 183-194.