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1
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85033847682
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note
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Electrochromism is the coloration phenomenon when a current is passed through or an electric field is applied to the material.
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-
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5
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4243149595
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C.J. Raub, A.R. Sweedler, M.A. Jensen, S. Broadston, and B.T. Matthias, Phys. Rev. Lett. 13, 746 (1964).
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Phys. Rev. Lett.
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Raub, C.J.1
Sweedler, A.R.2
Jensen, M.A.3
Broadston, S.4
Matthias, B.T.5
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7
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0017491411
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O.F. Shirmer, V. Wittwer, G. Baur, and G. Brandt, J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 749 (1977).
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Shirmer, O.F.1
Wittwer, V.2
Baur, G.3
Brandt, G.4
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11
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3843081443
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R.D. Bringans, H. Höchst, and H.R. Shanks, Phys. Rev. B 24, 3481 (1981); H. Höchst, R.D. Bringans, and H.R. Shanks, ibid. 26, 1702 (1982).
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Phys. Rev. B
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Bringans, R.D.1
Höchst, H.2
Shanks, H.R.3
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12
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0001216005
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R.D. Bringans, H. Höchst, and H.R. Shanks, Phys. Rev. B 24, 3481 (1981); H. Höchst, R.D. Bringans, and H.R. Shanks, ibid. 26, 1702 (1982).
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Phys. Rev. B
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Höchst, H.1
Bringans, R.D.2
Shanks, H.R.3
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14
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0025675204
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A. Temmink, O. Anderson, K. Bange, H. Hantsche, and X. Yu, Thin Solid Films 192, 211 (1990).
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Thin Solid Films
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Temmink, A.1
Anderson, O.2
Bange, K.3
Hantsche, H.4
Yu, X.5
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15
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0005141979
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S. Hashimoto and H. Matsuoka, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 933 (1991); S. Hashimoto, H. Matsuoka, H. Kagechika, M. Susa, and K.S. Goto, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 1300 (1990).
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Hashimoto, S.1
Matsuoka, H.2
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16
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0025414866
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S. Hashimoto and H. Matsuoka, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 933 (1991); S. Hashimoto, H. Matsuoka, H. Kagechika, M. Susa, and K.S. Goto, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 1300 (1990).
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Hashimoto, S.1
Matsuoka, H.2
Kagechika, H.3
Susa, M.4
Goto, K.S.5
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17
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0017510802
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G.K. Wertheim, M. Campagna, J.-N. Chazalviel, and D.N.E. Buchanan, Appl. Phys. 13, 225 (1977).
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Appl. Phys.
, vol.13
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Wertheim, G.K.1
Campagna, M.2
Chazalviel, J.-N.3
Buchanan, D.N.E.4
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18
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0001425886
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J.-N. Chazalviel, M. Campagna, G.K. Wertheim, and H.R. Shanks, Phys. Rev. B 16, 697 (1977).
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(1977)
Phys. Rev. B
, vol.16
, pp. 697
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Chazalviel, J.-N.1
Campagna, M.2
Wertheim, G.K.3
Shanks, H.R.4
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21
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85033860799
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note
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Our core level data are similar to those in Ref. 13.
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22
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85033858603
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note
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Note that core level XPS spectra provide indirect information on valence electronic structures because they are determined by the initial valence electronic structures of the ground state and the final state effects due to the response of valence electrons to the core hole created in the photoionization process.
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23
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0042781503
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J.I. Jeong, J.H. Moon, J.H. Hong, J.-S. Kang, and Y.P. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 1215 (1994).
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, vol.64
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Jeong, J.I.1
Moon, J.H.2
Hong, J.H.3
Kang, J.-S.4
Lee, Y.P.5
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25
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85033862956
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note
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3 sample for the XPS analysis was prepared by pressing the oxide powders into a pellet.
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26
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0000973963
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F.U. Hillebrecht, J.C. Fuggle, P.A. Bennett, Z. Zolnierek, and Ch. Freiburg, Phys. Rev. B 25, 2179 (1983).
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Phys. Rev. B
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, pp. 2179
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Hillebrecht, F.U.1
Fuggle, J.C.2
Bennett, P.A.3
Zolnierek, Z.4
Freiburg, Ch.5
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27
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70350641513
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edited by K.A. Gschneidner, L. Eyring, and S. Hüfner North-Holland, Amsterdam
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O. Gunnarsson and K. Schönhammer, in Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, edited by K.A. Gschneidner, L. Eyring, and S. Hüfner (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987), Vol. 10, p. 103.
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(1987)
Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths
, vol.10
, pp. 103
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Gunnarsson, O.1
Schönhammer, K.2
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29
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0011993487
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edited by M. Cardona and L. Ley, Springer, New York
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G.K. Wertheim and P.H. Citrin, in Photoemission in Solids I, edited by M. Cardona and L. Ley, (Springer, New York, 1978), p. 206.
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(1978)
Photoemission in Solids I
, pp. 206
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Wertheim, G.K.1
Citrin, P.H.2
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30
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85033857502
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note
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The insulating nature of the sample might cause a broadening due to finely separated core levels.
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-
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31
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0003644409
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edited by R.Z. Bachrach Plenum, New York, Chap. 5
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A. Flodström, R. Nyholm, and B. Johansson, in Synchrotrom Radiation Research, Advances in Surface and Interface Science, edited by R.Z. Bachrach (Plenum, New York, 1992), Vol. 1, Chap. 5.
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(1992)
Synchrotrom Radiation Research, Advances in Surface and Interface Science
, vol.1
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Flodström, A.1
Nyholm, R.2
Johansson, B.3
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32
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85033846691
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private communications
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B.I. Min (private communications). Midgap states are located near the edge of upper conduction bands, which can be considered as virtual bound states.
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Min, B.I.1
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33
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85033834097
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note
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3, it is reasonable to assume that they are rather localized.
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35
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85033867916
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note
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3 films are presented.
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-
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36
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85033869308
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note
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32 peaks, was about 0.1 eV larger than that for 4f peaks.
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