Influence of Southern Hemisphere winds on North Atlantic Deep Water flow

Journal of Physical Oceanography

Volumn 27, Issue 9, 1997, Pages 2040-2054

  Rahmstorf, Stefan ^a   England, Matthew H ^b  

^a POTSDAM INSTITUTE FOR CLIMATE IMPACT RESEARCH   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0000009788     PISSN: 00223670     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<2040:IOSHWO>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Bryan, K., 1984: Accelerating the convergence to equilibrium of ocean-climate models. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 14, 666-673.
2. Cox, M. D., 1989: An idealized model of the world ocean. Part I: The global scale water masses. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 19, 1730-1752.
3. Döös, K., 1994: The Deacon cell and the other meridional cells of the Southern Ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 429-442.
4. England, M. H., 1992: The global-scale circulation and water-mass formation in a world ocean model. Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, University of Sydney, 226 pp. [Available from Department of Geology and Geophysics, Edgeworth David Building, F05, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.]
5. Gregg, M. C., 1987: Diapycnal mixing in the thermocline: A review. J. Geophys. Res., 92, 5249-5286.
6. Hellerman, S., and M. Rosenstein, 1983: Normal monthly wind stress over the world ocean with error estimates. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 1093-1104.
7. Hirst, A. C., D. Jackett, and T. McDougall, 1996: The meridional overturning cells of a World Ocean model in neutral surface coordinates. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 775-791.
8. Hughes, T. M. C., 1995: Uniqueness and variability of the ocean's thermohaline circulation. Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 216 pp. [Available from Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6 Canada.]
9. _, and A. J. Weaver, 1994: Multiple equilibria of an asymmetric two-basin ocean model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 24, 619-637.
10. _, and _, 1996: Sea surface temperature-evaporation feedback and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 644-654.
11. Kawase, M., 1987: Establishment of deep circulation driven by deep water production. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 2294-2316.
12. Kunze, E., and T. B. Sanford, 1996: Abyssal mixing: Where it is not. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 2286-2296.
13. Ledwell, J. R., A. J. Watson, and C. S. Law, 1993: Evidence for slow mixing across the pycnocline from an open-ocean tracer release experiment. Nature, 364, 701-703.
14. Levitus, S., 1982: Climatological Atlas of the World Ocean. NOAA Prof. Paper No. 13, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 173 pp.
15. Luyten, J. R., J. Pedlosky, and H. Stommel, 1983: The ventilated thermocline. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 13, 292-309.
16. Manabe, S., and R. J. Stouffer, 1988: Two stable equilibria of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. J. Climate, 1, 841-866.
17. Marotzke, J., 1997: Boundary mixing and the dynamics of three-dimensional thermohaline circulations. J. Phys. Oceanogr 27 1713-1728.
18. McDermott, D. A., 1996: The regulation of northern overturning by Southern Hemisphere winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1234-1255.
19. Mikolajewicz, U., and E. Maier-Reimer, 1994: Mixed boundary conditions in OGCMs and their influence on the stability of the model's conveyor belt. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22633-22644.
20. Pacanowski, R., K. Dixon, and A. Rosati, 1991: The GFDL modular ocean model users guide. Vol. 2, GFDL, Princeton, 376 pp. [Available from GFDL, Box 308, Princeton, NJ 08540.]
21. Polzin, K., J. M. Toole, J. R. Ledwell, and R. W. Schmitt, 1997: Spatial variability of turbulent mixing in the abyssal ocean. Science, 276, 93-96.
22. Rahmstorf, S., 1993: A fast and complete convection scheme for ocean models. Ocean Modelling, 101, (unpublished manuscripts), 9-11.
23. _, 1995a: Bifurcations of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to changes in the hydrological cycle. Nature, 378, 145-149.
24. _, 1995b: Climate drift in an OGCM coupled to a simple; perfectly matched atmosphere. Climate Dyn., 11, 447-458.
25. _, 1995c: Multiple convection patterns and thermohaline flow in an idealized OGCM. J. Climate, 8, 3028-3039.
26. _, 1996a: Comment on "Instability of the thermohaline circulation with respect to mixed boundary conditions." J. Phys. Oceanogr., 26, 1099-1105.
27. _, 1996b: On the freshwater forcing and transport of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation. Climate Dyn., 12, 799-811.
28. _, and J. Willebrand, 1995: The role of temperature feedback in stabilizing the thermohaline circulation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 25, 787-805.
29. _, J. Marotzke, and J. Willebrand, 1996: Stability of the thermohaline circulation. The Warm Water Sphere of the North Atlantic Ocean, W. Krauss, Ed., Borntraeger, 129-158.
30. Sandström, J. W., 1908: Dynamische Versuche mit Meerwasser. Ann. Hydrogr. Man. Meteor., 36, 6-23.
31. Semtner, A. J., and R. M. Chervin, 1992: Ocean general circulation from a global eddy-resolving model. J. Geophys. Res., 97(C4), 5493-5550.
32. Stommel, H., 1961: Thermohaline convection with two stable regimes of flow. Tellus, 13, 224-230.
33. Toggweiler, J. R., 1994: The ocean's overturning circulation. Phys. Today, 47(11), 45-50.
34. _, and B. Samuels, 1993a: Is the magnitude of the deep outflow from the Atlantic Ocean actually governed by Southern Hemisphere winds? The Global Carbon Cycle, M. Heimann, Ed., Springer, 303-331.
35. _, and _, 1993b: New radiocarbon constraints on the upwelling of abyssal water to the ocean's surface. The Global Carbon Cycle, M. Heimann, Ed., Springer, 333-366.
36. _, and _, 1995: Effect of Drake Passage on the global thermohaline circulation. Deep-Sea Res., 42, 477-500.
37. Weaver, A. J., and T. M. C. Hughes, 1992: Stability and variability of the thermohaline circulation and its link to climate. Trends in Physical Oceanography, Council of Scientific Research Integration, 15-70.